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Yadfout A, El Aoud J, Merzouk N, Slaoui Hasnaoui J. Increasing Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO): Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2024; 16:135-142. [PMID: 38770218 PMCID: PMC11104375 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s453704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The need to increase the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) to restore lost dental function or optimise specific dental treatments is a common occurrence in daily dental practice. The common belief that the Vertical Dimension at Rest (VDR) is fixed hinders the development of restorations with a VDO that encroaches on or surpasses the interocclusal rest space (IRS), thereby preventing potential tissue damage to the masticatory apparatus. Recent studies have shown that the mandible rest position falls within a range termed as the "comfort zone". The range of this zone may vary from one person to another and within the same person over time due to factors such as age or health status. In this review, we have concluded that a permanent increase in the VDO, once indicated, is a safe procedure for dentulous patients. However, it is important to minimise the extent of the increase to simplify the prosthodontics treatment process. An inter-incisal increase exceeding 5 mm is seldom needed. Moreover, it is important to consider the functional, aesthetic, and biological elements associated with VDO. The biological and functional environment closely related to the VDO had great adaptive capacities, which have for a historically been underestimated. Patient adaptation has been observed in dentate patients, edentulous patients, and even cases involving implant-supported prostheses. Muscle relaxation and changes in muscle length are likely the primary adaptation mechanisms, rather than the restoration of the original VDO through dentoalveolar maturation. Intervention with a fixed restoration is more predictable and results in a higher and more rapid level of adaptation. Finally, the increase should include the entire arch to prevent relapse of the VDO to its previous value, and changes in VDO should be assessed by utilising temporary diagnostic restorations for a period before implementing definitive prostheses, in order to evaluate the adaptive muscle response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmae Yadfout
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jihane El Aoud
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nadia Merzouk
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jihane Slaoui Hasnaoui
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
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Kamyszek G, Ketcham R, Garcia R, Radke J. Electromyographic Evidence of Reduced Muscle Activity When ULF-TENS Is Applied to the Vthand VIIthCranial Nerves. Cranio 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2001.11746165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Electrodiagnostic Evaluation of Individuals Implanted With Extracellular Matrix for the Treatment of Volumetric Muscle Injury: Case Series. Phys Ther 2016; 96:540-9. [PMID: 26564252 PMCID: PMC4817212 DOI: 10.2522/ptj.20150133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrodiagnosis can reveal the nerve and muscle changes following surgical placement of an extracellular matrix (ECM) bioscaffold for treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML). OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to characterize nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) changes following ECM bioscaffold placement in individuals with VML. The ability of presurgical NCS and EMG to be used as a tool to help identify candidates who are likely to display improvements postsurgically also was explored. DESIGN A longitudinal case series design was used. METHODS The study was conducted at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. Eight individuals with a history of chronic VML participated. The intervention was surgical placement of an ECM bioscaffold at the site of VML. The strength of the affected region was measured using a handheld dynamometer, and electrophysiologic evaluation was conducted on the affected limb with standard method of NCS and EMG. All measurements were obtained the day before surgery and repeated 6 months after surgery. RESULTS Seven of the 8 participants had a preoperative electrodiagnosis of incomplete mononeuropathy within the site of VML. After ECM treatment, 5 of the 8 participants showed improvements in NCS amplitude or needle EMG parameters. The presence of electrical activity within the scaffold remodeling site was concomitant with clinical improvement in muscle strength. LIMITATIONS This study had a small sample size, and participants served as their own controls. The electromyographers and physical therapists performing the evaluation were not blinded. CONCLUSIONS Electrodiagnostic data provide objective evidence of physiological improvements in muscle function following ECM placement at sites of VML. Future studies are warranted to further investigate the potential of needle EMG as a predictor of successful outcomes following ECM treatment for VML.
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Yilmaz G, Uginčius P, Sebik O, Türker K. Tonic activity of the human temporalis muscle at mandibular rest position. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1645-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yilmaz G, Ungan P, Sebik O, Uginčius P, Türker KS. Interference of tonic muscle activity on the EEG: a single motor unit study. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:504. [PMID: 25071531 PMCID: PMC4092367 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrical activity of muscles can interfere with the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal considering the anatomical locations of facial or masticatory muscles surrounding the skull. In this study, we evaluated the possible interference of the resting activity of the temporalis muscle on the EEG under conventional EEG recording conditions. In 9 healthy adults EEG activity from 19 scalp locations and single motor unit (SMU) activity from anterior temporalis muscle were recorded in three relaxed conditions; eyes open, eyes closed, jaw dropped. The EEG signal was spike triggered averaged (STA) using the action potentials of SMUs as triggers to evaluate their reflections at various EEG recording sites. Resting temporalis SMU activity generated prominent reflections with different amplitudes, reaching maxima in the proximity of the recorded SMU. Interference was also notable at the scalp sites that are relatively far from the recorded SMU and even at the contralateral locations. Considering the great number of SMUs in the head and neck muscles, prominent contamination from the activity of only a single MU should indicate the susceptibility of EEG to muscle activity artifacts even under the rest conditions. This study emphasizes the need for efficient artifact evaluation methods which can handle muscle interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Yilmaz
- Koç University School of Medicine Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pekcan Ungan
- Koç University School of Medicine Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Sebik
- Koç University School of Medicine Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paulius Uginčius
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kemal S Türker
- Koç University School of Medicine Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Masci C, Ciarrocchi I, Spadaro A, Necozione S, Marci MC, Monaco A. Does orthodontic treatment provide a real functional improvement? a case control study. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13:57. [PMID: 24152806 PMCID: PMC3827987 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-13-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electromyographic analysis of the masticatory muscles provides useful data on the behavior of these muscles during stomatognathic system functioning and allows a functional assessment of orthodontic treatments. This study was undertaken to verify if achieving an Angle Class I bite through orthodontic treatment can lead to neuromuscular balance. Methods This study enrolled 30 patients (20 females, 10 males, mean age: 15.78 years) with an Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion that was orthodontically treated. A group of 30 subjects (19 females, 11 males; mean age: 16.15 years), randomly selected among subjects with an Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion that had not been orthodontically treated served as the Control group. Both groups were subjected to electromyography to study their neuromuscular characteristics. The Shapiro-Wilk's test revealed a non normal distribution, therefore we used a Friedman two way ANOVA by ranks test to compare differences of surface electromyography values between treated and untreated subjects at closed and open eyes condition. Results A statistically significant interaction between orthodontic treatment and open eyes conditions was detected for anterior temporal muscles. A significant imbalance of the anterior temporal muscles, which is indicative of an asymmetric electromyographic pattern, was also found. Conclusions The present data indicate that achieving a correct occlusal target does not necessarily correspond to a neuromuscular balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Masci
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, V, le Vetoio 1, L'Aquila 67100, Italy.
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Woźniak K, Piątkowska D, Lipski M, Mehr K. Surface electromyography in orthodontics - a literature review. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:416-23. [PMID: 23722255 PMCID: PMC3673808 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromyography is the most objective and reliable technique for evaluating muscle function and efficiency by detecting their electrical potentials. It makes it possible to assess the extent and duration of muscle activity. The main aim of surface electromyography is to detect signals from many muscle fibers in the area of the detecting surface electrodes. These signals consist of a weighted summation of the spatial and temporal activity of many motor units. Hence, the analysis of the recordings is restricted to an assessment of general muscle activity, the cooperation of different muscles, and the variability of their activity over time. This study presents the main assumptions in the assessment of electrical muscle activity through the use of surface electromyography, along with its limitations and possibilities for further use in many areas of orthodontics. The main clinical uses of sEMG include the diagnostics and therapy of temporomandibular joint disorders, an assessment of the extent of stomatognathic system dysfunctions in subjects with malocclusion, and the monitoring of orthodontic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Woźniak
- Department of Orthodontics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Bourdiol P, Mishellany-Dutour A, Peyron MA, Woda A. Mood-induced variations of mandible and tongue postures. J Oral Rehabil 2013; 40:443-9. [PMID: 23556417 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Twelve young adults in a good general health were observed during habitual posture of tongue and jaw in different emotional conditions induced by watching three video sequences. The position of the mandible was tracked by the displacements of an electromagnetic sensor glued to the chin. The tongue-to-palate distance was obtained by 2-D location of three electromagnetic sensors placed on the tongue upper midline surface. Head displacements were evaluated with a sensor fixed to an upper central incisor and were subtracted from corresponding displacements of tongue and chin sensors to obtain the real tongue and mandible positions during continuous recording sequences. Emotional conditioning by a fear movie influenced the vertical position of the mandible: the mean interarch distances during the fear movie (2·34 ± 0·24 mm) were significantly different from those measured during the tender (3·13 ± 0·35) and neutral (3·42 ± 0·80) movies, respectively (anova repeated measure, SNK; P < 0·05). anova repeated measure indicated that the tongue-to-palate distance differed significantly when the subjects were watching the conditioning movies (P = 0·003), the tip of the tongue taking a lower position during the fear movie than during the tender and neutral movies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bourdiol
- Dental Faculty, EA 4847, CROC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Ballenberger N, von Piekartz H, Paris-Alemany A, La Touche R, Angulo-Diaz-Parreño S. Influence of different upper cervical positions on electromyography activity of the masticatory muscles. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2012; 35:308-18. [PMID: 22632591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles in relation to different positions of the upper cervical spine during maximal voluntary isometric clenching by surface electromyography (EMG). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with a repeated-measures design performed using 25 asymptomatic subjects (13 female and 12 male; mean age, 31 years; SD, 8.51). The EMG activity of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles was recorded bilaterally during maximal clenching at neutral position and during extension, flexion, ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral lateral flexion, and ipsilateral and contralateral rotations in maximal flexion. In addition, the upper cervical range of motion and mandibular excursions were assessed. The EMG activity data were analyzed using a 3-way analysis of variance in which the factors considered were upper cervical position, sex (male and female), and side (right and left), and the hypothesis of importance was the interaction side x position. RESULTS The 3-way analysis of variance detected statistically significant differences between the several upper cervical positions (F = 13.724; P < .001) but found no significant differences for sex (F = 0.202; P = .658) or side (F = 0.86; P = .53) regarding EMG activity of the masseter muscle. Significant differences were likewise observed for interaction side x position for the masseter muscle (F = 12.726; P < .001). The analysis of the EMG activity of anterior temporalis muscle did not produce statistically significant differences (P > .05). CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that the upper cervical movements influence the surface EMG activity of the masseter muscle. These findings support a model in which there are interaction between the craniocervical and the craniomandibular system.
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Monaco A, Spadaro A, Cattaneo R, Giannoni M. Effects of myogenous facial pain on muscle activity of head and neck. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:767-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Siéssere S, de Albuquerque Lima N, Semprini M, de Sousa LG, Paulo Mardegan Issa J, Aparecida Caldeira Monteiro S, Cecílio Hallak Regalo S. Masticatory process in individuals with maxillary and mandibular osteoporosis: electromyographic analysis. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1847-51. [PMID: 19266137 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The masseter and temporal muscles of patients with maxillary and mandibular osteoporosis were submitted to electromyographic analysis and compared with a control group. In conclusion, individuals with osteoporosis did not show significantly lower masticatory cycle performance and efficiency compared to the control group during the proposal mastications. INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine electromyographically the masseter and temporal muscles of patients with maxillary and mandibular osteoporosis and compare these patients with control patients. METHODS Sixty individuals of both genders with an average age of 53.0 +/- 5 years took part in the study, distributed in two groups with 30 individuals each: (1) individuals with osteoporosis; (2) control patients during the habitual and non-habitual mastication. The electromyographic apparel used was a Myosystem-BR1-DataHomins Technology Ltda., with five channels of acquisition and electrodes active differentials. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using SPSS version 15.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS The result of the Student's t test indicated no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the normalized values of the ensemble average obtained in masticatory cycles in both groups. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that individuals with osteoporosis did not show significantly lower masticatory cycle performance and efficiency compared to control subjects during the habitual and non-habitual mastications. This result is very important because it demonstrates the functionality of the complex physiological process of mastication in individuals with osteoporosis at the bones that compose the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Siéssere
- Faculty of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pinho JC, Caldas FM, Mora MJ, Santana-PenÍn U. Electromyographic activity in patients with temporomandibular disorders. J Oral Rehabil 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Suvinen TI, Kemppainen P. Review of clinical EMG studies related to muscle and occlusal factors in healthy and TMD subjects. J Oral Rehabil 2007; 34:631-44. [PMID: 17716262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Several electronic instruments have been developed as adjuncts to objectively record the dysfunctional features of temporomandibular disorders and to study the effectiveness of various treatment interventions. The aim of this review was to assess the value and contribution of clinical electromyographic research in the understanding of asymptomatic and dysfunctional muscle function and the therapeutic effects of interocclusal appliances. For this purpose MedLine and PubMed searches were conducted with the following main keywords alone and in various combinations: electromyography, muscles of mastication, masseter, temporalis, temporomandibular, TMD, utility, validity, repeatability, rest, postural, vertical dimension, occlusal, splint, treatment. The review includes critical evaluation, discussion and conclusions regarding electromyographic studies in asymptomatic and dysfunctional muscles, rest position, occlusal parameters and interocclusal appliances, as well as a critical summary and proposals for further research. Much of earlier critique of many electromyographic studies still applies regarding comparative sample selections, research designs, analyses and conclusions. The areas not well-understood include normal biological variation, capacity for adaptation, fluctuations regarding the clinical course and multidimensional features of temporomandibular disorders and long-term follow-up data, especially in studies that evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. Considering the required improvements in technical and research designs features and critical appraisal electromyographic research could have value as an adjunct research tool to study features of craniofacial muscle-related dysfunction. Until electromyographic measures are correlated with other multidimensional, especially subjective and pain-related methods, the clinical use of this method for diagnostic purposes of temporomandibular disorders remains in doubt, and is not at present recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Suvinen
- Department of Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Klasser GD, Okeson JP. The clinical usefulness of surface electromyography in the diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular disorders. J Am Dent Assoc 2006; 137:763-71. [PMID: 16803805 DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.2006.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article presents a comprehensive review of the recent literature regarding the scientific support for the use of surface electromyography (SEMG) in diagnosing and treating temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED The authors conducted a Medline search involving human studies using the key words "surface electromyography or electromyography" and "masticatory muscles or temporomandibular disorders or craniomandibular disorders." They also reviewed relevant articles regarding the clinical usefulness of SEMG based on reliability, validity, sensitivity and specificity, as well as additional references included in some of the articles. RESULTS The clinical use of SEMG in the diagnosis and treatment of TMD is of limited value when one considers reliability, validity, sensitivity and specificity as measurement standards. SEMG does not appear to contribute any additional information beyond what can be obtained from the patient history, clinical examination and, if needed, appropriate imaging. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, the determination of the presence or absence of TMD does not appear to be enhanced by the use of SEMG. However, the modality may be useful in a meticulously controlled research setting. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS SEMG has limited value in the detection or management of TMD and in some instances may lead to unnecessary dental therapy as a solution for those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Klasser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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POINT (CRITIQUE). IMPLANT DENT 2002. [DOI: 10.1097/00008505-200207000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Woda A, Pionchon P, Palla S, Piochon P. Regulation of mandibular postures: mechanisms and clinical implications. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ORAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF ORAL BIOLOGISTS 2001; 12:166-78. [PMID: 11345526 DOI: 10.1177/10454411010120020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This review argues that (1) the habitual mandibular position is constantly variable and so cannot be considered as a craniomandibular reference point, (2) there is no unique centric relation, (3) mandibular posture greatly depends on head posture, (4) clinical evaluation of the occlusal vertical dimension is mostly empirical, and (5) neither the vertical dimension at rest nor the centric relation can be determined by means of existing instrument-based clinical methods. However, some physiological conditions exist that facilitate the recording of craniomandibular position.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Woda
- Université d'Auvergne, Laboratoire de Physiologie Oro-faciale, Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, UFR d'Odontologie, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Ormeño G, Miralles R, Loyola R, Valenzuela S, Santander H, Palazzi C, Villanueva P. Body position effects on EMG activity of the temporal and suprahyoid muscles in healthy subjects and in patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction. Cranio 1999; 17:132-42. [PMID: 10425940 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.1999.11746087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of body position on integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity of anterior temporal and suprahyoid muscles. The study was performed on 15 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction (CMD) and 15 healthy subjects. IEMG recordings at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing surface electrodes on the anterior temporal and suprahyoid muscles in the following body positions: standing, seated, supine, and lateral decubitus position. Insignificant changes in IEMG activity of both muscles were observed upon variations in the body position. Insignificant differences in IEMG activity were observed between patients with myogenic CMD and healthy subjects. A pattern of higher IEMG at rest and during swallowing of saliva was observed in the suprahyoid muscles than in the anterior temporal muscles, whereas during maximal clenching activity, an opposite pattern was observed. Results of the present study seem to suggest that for the anterior temporal and suprahyoid muscles there is no specific body position that could be relevant to initiate and/or to perpetuate a craniomandibular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ormeño
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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