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Archambault M, Rubin JE. Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium and Brachyspira spp. and Other Anaerobes. Microbiol Spectr 2020; 8:10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0020-2017. [PMID: 31971162 PMCID: PMC10773235 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.arba-0020-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes the antimicrobial resistance to date of the most frequently encountered anaerobic bacterial pathogens of animals. The different sections show that antimicrobial resistance can vary depending on the antimicrobial, the anaerobe, and the resistance mechanism. The variability in antimicrobial resistance patterns is also associated with other factors such as geographic region and local antimicrobial usage. On occasion, the same resistance gene was observed in many anaerobes, whereas some were limited to certain anaerobes. This article focuses on antimicrobial resistance data of veterinary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Archambault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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Samii SS, Wallace N, Nagaraja TG, Engstrom MA, Miesner MD, Armendariz CK, Titgemeyer EC. Effects of limonene on ruminal concentrations, fermentation, and lysine degradation in cattle. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3420-3430. [PMID: 27695807 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous in vitro data showed that was inhibited by limonene. We further evaluated effects of limonene on growth of in vitro as well as on ruminal concentrations of in vivo. With in vitro cultivation in anaerobic brain-heart infusion broth, limonene decreased growth of . Thymol also reduced growth of , but it was less effective than limonene. Tylosin effectively reduced growth of in vitro. Although the response over fermentation times and concentrations of antimicrobials differed somewhat between tylosin and limonene, the 2 antimicrobial agents yielded similar inhibitory effects on growth of at concentrations ranging from 6 to 24 mg/L. The effects of limonene on ruminal concentration in vivo were tested in 7 ruminally cannulated heifers (225 kg initial BW) used in a 7 × 4 Youden square design. Treatments included: 1) control, 2) limonene at 10 mg/kg diet DM, 3) limonene at 20 mg/kg diet DM, 4) limonene at 40 mg/kg diet DM, 5) limonene at 80 mg/kg diet DM, 6) CRINA-L (a blend of essential oil components) at 180 mg/kg diet DM, and 7) tylosin at 12 mg/kg diet DM. Each period included 11 d with 10 d washouts between periods. Samples of ruminal contents were collected before treatment initiation and after 4, 7, and 10 d of treatment for measuring by the most probable number method using selective culture medium. Limonene linearly decreased ( = 0.03) ruminal concentration, with the lowest concentration achieved with 40 mg of limonene/kg dietary DM. Limonene tended ( ≤ 0.07) to linearly reduce ruminal molar proportions of propionate and valerate while tending to linearly increase ( ≤ 0.10) those of butyrate and 2-methyl butyrate. Limonene did not affect ruminal NH concentrations or degradation rates of lysine. Neither CRINA-L ( = 0.52) nor tylosin ( = 0.19) affected ruminal concentrations. CRINA-L significantly decreased ruminal concentrations of NH and molar proportions of 3-methyl butyrate, whereas tylosin significantly decreased molar proportions of propionate while increasing those of butyrate and tending to increase those of acetate. Limonene supplementation reduced ruminal concentrations of suggesting that it may have the potential to reduce the prevalence of liver abscesses, although further research is needed to assess the effect of limonene in feedlot cattle.
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Karstrup CC, Agerholm JS, Jensen TK, Swaro LRV, Klitgaard K, Rasmussen EL, Krogh KM, Pedersen HG. Presence and localization of bacteria in the bovine endometrium postpartum using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Theriogenology 2017; 92:167-175. [PMID: 28237333 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate bacterial invasiveness of the bovine endometrium during the postpartum period. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was applied to endometrial biopsies using probes for Fusobacterium necrophorum, Porphyromonas levii, Trueperella pyogenes, Escherichia coli and a probe for bacteria in general (the overall domain Bacteria) to determine their tissue localization. Holstein cows were sampled at three time points postpartum (T1: 4-12 days postpartum, T2: 24-32 days postpartum and T3: 46-54 days postpartum). At T1, cows were clinically scored as having a uterine infection based on presence of a brownish, fetid vaginal discharge or as normal if having normal lochia. An endometrial biopsy was taken from all cows at T1 (n = 57). Endometrial biopsies were taken from the same cows at T2 and T3 if allowed by the size of the cervical canal and if the cow had not been inseminated. Fifty and 39 biopsies were obtained at T2 and T3, respectively. The biopsies were evaluated for inflammation and for presence and localization of bacteria. When analyzed by the probe for the entire domain Bacteria, bacteria were found in most biopsies irrespectively of time (T1: 79.0%, T2: 82.0%, T3: 89.7%). Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii were often present in the endometrium at T1 (61.1% and 47.8%, respectively), but the prevalence decreased significantly over time. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli were less prevalent at T1 (8.8% and 10.5%, respectively) and their prevalence also decreased significantly over time. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii were often co-localized intraepithelially or in the lamina propria. Trueperella pyogenes and Escherichia coli were located only on the endometrial surface. Due to the high prevalence of tissue invasiveness, these findings emphasize the importance of Fusobacterium necrophorum and Porphyromonas levii in postpartum uterine disease of cattle and indicate that tissue invasiveness is an important aspect of the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Karstrup
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - J S Agerholm
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - T K Jensen
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - L R V Swaro
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K Klitgaard
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - E L Rasmussen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - K M Krogh
- Landbrugets Veterinære Konsulenttjeneste, Fynsvej 8, DK-9500, Hobro, Denmark
| | - H G Pedersen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 68, DK-1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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Clinical evidence for individual animal therapy for papillomatous digital dermatitis (hairy heel wart) and infectious bovine pododermatitis (foot rot). Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2015; 31:81-95, vi. [PMID: 25705026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Data supporting individual animal therapy for papillomatous digital dermatitis (PDD) and infectious pododermatitis (IP) in cattle are available for treatment with multiple drugs in the form of randomized, prospective clinical trials conducted in naturally occurring disease with negative controls and masked subjective evaluators. In the case of PDD, these trials support the use of topical tetracycline and oxytetracycline, lincomycin, a copper-containing preparation, and a nonantimicrobial cream. In individual therapy for IP, trial evidence is available to support systemic treatment with ceftiofur, florfenicol, tulathromycin, and oxytetracycline. However, it was not available for IP standards such as penicillin G, sulfadimethoxine, and tylosin.
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McLelland DJ, Barker IK, Crawshaw G, Hinds LA, Spilsbury L, Johnson R. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline and penicillin G in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2011; 34:160-7. [PMID: 21395607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline and penicillin G was investigated in tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). Groups of eight healthy tammar wallabies were administered i.v. oxytetracycline hydrochloride (40 mg/kg), i.m. long-acting-oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg), i.v. sodium penicillin G (30 mg/kg), or i.m. procaine/benzathine penicillin G (30 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of oxytetracycline were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable to those reported for eutherians of equivalent size and suggest that the practice of adjusting allometrically scaled doses to account for the lower metabolic rate of marsupials may not be valid. Long-acting oxytetracycline and penicillin G both demonstrated depot effects. However, the plasma concentrations achieved question the therapeutic efficacy of the long-acting preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J McLelland
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Mavrogianni VS, Amiridis GS, Gougoulis DA, Fragkou IA, Fthenakis GC. Efficacy of difloxacin for the control of postpartum uterine infections of ewes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008; 30:583-5. [PMID: 17991228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2007.00903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.
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Li L, Chen X, Dai X, Chen H, Zhong D. Rapid and selective liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of fosfomycin in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 856:171-7. [PMID: 17574936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Revised: 05/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and selective liquid chromatographic/tandem mass spectrometric method for determination of fosfomycin was developed and validated. Following protein-precipitation, the analyte and internal standard (fudosteine) were separated from human plasma using an isocratic mobile phase on an Ultimate XB-CN column. An API 4000 tandem mass spectrometer equipped with Turbo IonSpray ionization source was used as detector and was operated in the negative ion mode. Multiple reaction monitoring using the precursor to product ion combinations of m/z 137-->79 and m/z 178-->91 was performed to quantify fosfomycin and fudosteine, respectively. The method was linear in the concentration range of 0.10-12.0 microg/mL using 50 microL of plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 0.10 microg/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation over the entire concentration range was less than 10.6%. Accuracy determined at three concentrations (0.25, 1.00 and 8.00 microg/mL for fosfomycin) ranged from -1.0% to -4.2% in terms of relative error. Each plasma sample was chromatographed within 5.0 min. The method was successfully used in a bioequivalence study of fosfomycin in human plasma after an oral administration of capsules containing 1.0 g fosfomycin (approximately 1.3g calcium fosfomycin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 646 Songtao Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Elmas M, Yazar E, Uney K, Er Karabacak A. Influence of Escherichia coli Endotoxin-Induced Endotoxaemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Enrofloxacin after Intravenous Administration in Rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:410-4. [PMID: 16970630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of present study was to determine the effects of an Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced endotoxaemic status on disposition of enrofloxacin after a single intravenous dose (5 mg/kg) in rabbits. Septic shock was induced by the i.v. bolus administration at a single dose of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Six adult New Zealand White rabbits were used. Concentrations of drug in plasma were determined by HPLC. The plasma pharmacokinetic values for enrofloxacin were best represented using a two-compartment open model. Total plasma clearance (Cl(T)) decreased from 2.11 (l/h/kg) in healthy animals to 1.50 (l/h/kg) in rabbits with septic shock, which is related to an increase in the AUC(0-->infinity). In endotoxaemic rabbits, volume of distribution at steady state (V(dss) = 3.61 l/kg) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in healthy animals (V(dss) = 4.97 l/kg). However, the elimination half-life of enrofloxacin was not affected by lipopolysaccharide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elmas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, 42031 Konya, Turkey.
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Gaur A, Garg SK, Saini SPS. Comparative disposition kinetics of ofloxacin following a single i.m. and s.c. administration in neonatal calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:485-8. [PMID: 16207313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura, India
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Edwards JE, Bequette BJ, McKain N, McEwan NR, Wallace RJ. Influence of flavomycin on microbial numbers, microbial metabolism and gut tissue protein turnover in the digestive tract of sheep. Br J Nutr 2005; 94:64-70. [PMID: 16115334 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flavomycin is an antibiotic that promotes growth in ruminant and non-ruminant livestock. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of flavomycin in sheep by measuring microbial numbers, microbial metabolism and gut tissue protein turnover at different sites in the digestive tract. Two weight-matched groups (n 5) of male castrate lambs (30 kg) received 800 g grass cubes/d for 6 weeks, with one group receiving 20 mg/d flavomycin during the last 2 weeks. Samples of digesta and gut tissue segments were obtained immediately post mortem, 90 min after a flood-dose of [ring-D5]phenylalanine. Viable bacterial counts and volatile fatty acid concentrations were highest in ruminal digesta, followed by the colon and caecum, then the duodenum and ileum. The only effect of flavomycin was an increased bacterial count in the rumen (3.5 v. 1.2 x 10(9) per g; P=0.04). Acetate was proportionally greater and propionate and butyrate were lower in the caecum and colon than the rumen. Flavomycin had no effect on volatile fatty acid proportions or ammonia concentrations. Bacteria growing on peptides as sole C source were not affected by flavomycin. Proteolytic, peptidolytic and amino acid deamination activities were similar in the rumen, caecum and colon; they tended to be lower in animals receiving flavomycin. Protein turnover in ruminal wall and duodenal tissues, measured by a flood-dose technique, decreased with flavomycin (P=0.075 and 0.027, respectively). Thus, flavomycin differs from ionophores in its mode of action. It may influence protein metabolism of both digesta and tissue throughout the ruminant digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Edwards
- Rowett Research Institute, Greenburn Road, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, UK
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Petsch M, Mayer-Helm BX, Sauermann R, Joukhadar C, Kenndler E. Determination of fosfomycin in pus by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1081:55-9. [PMID: 16013598 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A method is described for the determination of fosfomycin in pus by capillary zone electrophoresis with reversed electroosmotic flow, and indirect UV absorbance detection. Sample pre-treatment is limited to removal of proteins and cell debris by adding the double volume of methanol, followed by vortexing for few seconds, and centrifugation at 15,000 x g for 2 min. The supernatant is directly injected into the instrument. Fosfomycin is separated from sample constituents with a background electrolyte at pH 7.25 (25 mM benzoate buffer with 0.5 mM hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide added, adjusted to pH with tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (TRIS)). Separation is carried out in a capillary with 50 microm I.D., 64.5 cm total length, 56.0 cm to the detector, at 25 degrees C with -25 kV voltage applied. Due to the low absorbance of the analyte, indirect UV detection was performed at 254 nm using a bubble cell capillary. Sample was injected by pressure (450 mbar s). Repeatability for fosfomycin in spiked pus (from 8 or 10 consecutive injections of three different series at concentrations of 100 microg/mL of the antibiotic) was between 2.4 and 8.2% relative standard deviation (RSD). Accuracy (expressed as recovery of fosfomycin determined by three independent analysis at 10, 100 and 300 microg/mL fosfomycin added to plain pus) was between 75 and 102%. Intermediate reproducibility (n = 9 at three different days) was between 2 and 12% RSD. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 4.5 and 15 microg/mL, respectively. The concentration of fosfomycin in pus of patients treated with the antibiotic ranged up to 240 microg/mL. The concentration of other anionic pus constituents identified beside chloride (acetate, succinate, lactate, phosphate) ranged between 20 and 7800 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Petsch
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Bidgood TL, Papich MG. Plasma and interstitial fluid pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin, its metabolite ciprofloxacin, and marbofloxacin after oral administration and a constant rate intravenous infusion in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005; 28:329-41. [PMID: 16050812 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2005.00664.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enrofloxacin and marbofloxacin were administered to six healthy dogs in separate crossover experiments as a single oral dose (5 mg/kg) and as a constant rate IV infusion (1.24 and 0.12 mg/h.kg, respectively) following a loading dose (4.47 and 2 mg/kg, respectively) to achieve a steady-state concentration of approximately 1 microg/mL for 8 h. Interstitial fluid (ISF) was collected with an in vivo ultrafiltration device at the same time period as plasma to measure protein unbound drug concentrations at the tissue site and assess the dynamics of drug distribution. Plasma and ISF were analyzed for enrofloxacin, its active metabolite ciprofloxacin, and for marbofloxacin by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Lipophilicity and protein binding of enrofloxacin were higher than for marbofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Compared to enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin had a longer half-life, higher Cmax, and larger AUC(0-infinity) in plasma and ISF after oral administration. Establishing steady state allowed an assessment of the dynamics of drug concentrations between plasma and ISF. The ISF and plasma-unbound concentrations were similar during the steady-state period despite differences in lipophilicity and pharmacokinetic parameters of the drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Bidgood
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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Jiménez R, Píriz S, Mateos E, Vadillo S. Minimum inhibitory concentrations for 25 selected antimicrobial agents against Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium strains isolated from footrot in sheep of Portugal and Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:245-8. [PMID: 15330985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00764.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The agar dilution method was used to determine the inhibitory activity of 25 antimicrobial agents against 69 strains of Dichelobacter nodosus and 108 strains of the genus Fusobacterium, all of which were isolated from 90 clinical cases of ovine footrot between October 1998 and November 2000. In the case of the micro-organisms belonging to the genus Fusobacterium, the six beta-lactams studied (benzyl penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime and cephalexine) proved to be, in general, the most effective antimicrobial agents. Chloramphenicol, clindamycin and doxycycline were also quite active against Fusobacterium spp. With regard to the 69 strains of D. nodosus tested, the levels of resistance remain low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jiménez
- Cátedra de Microbiología e Inmunología, Departamento de Medicina y Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10071 Cáceres, Spain
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Pellegrini GE, Carpico G, Coni E. Electrochemical sensor for the detection and presumptive identification of quinolone and tetracycline residues in milk. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Gaur A, Saini SPS, Garg SK, Chaudhary RK, Srivastava AK. Pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin after a single intravenous bolus dose in neonatal calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27:115-7. [PMID: 15096110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2004.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Veterinary Science University, Mathura 281-001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Chirino-Trejo M, Woodbury MR, Huang F. Antibiotic sensitivity and biochemical characterization of Fusobacterium spp. and Arcanobacterium pyogenes isolated from farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis. J Zoo Wildl Med 2004; 34:262-8. [PMID: 14582788 DOI: 10.1638/02-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cultures from 32 living and dead farmed white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with necrobacillosis yielded Fusobacterium necrophorum from nine individuals, F. varium from six individuals, and Arcanobacterium pyogenes from 16 individuals. The isolates were characterized biochemically using automated identification systems. Gram-stained smears suggested the presence of Fusobacterium spp. in eight cases from which organisms were not cultured. Minimum inhibitory concentration determinations in 23 strains of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria detected resistance to enrofloxacin and clindamycin. Enrofloxacin resistance was detected in A. pyogenes isolates, and although biochemical profiling indicated that the deer strains of A. pyogenes could be grouped, it is uncertain whether these biochemical characteristics correlate with antigenic or virulence factors. Deer-specific or autogenous vaccines may provide a useful alternative to generic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Chirino-Trejo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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17
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Development and validation of a gas chromatographic method for analysis of fosfomycin in chicken muscle samples. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02493209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Determination of fosfomycin in chicken plasma samples by gas chromatography: application to pharmacokinetic studies. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hagelskjaer Kristensen L, Prag J. Human necrobacillosis, with emphasis on Lemierre's syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:524-32. [PMID: 10987717 DOI: 10.1086/313970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/1999] [Revised: 12/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemierre's syndrome is the classical presentation of human necrobacillosis. It is characterized by a primary infection in the head in a young, previously healthy person who subsequently develops persistent high fever and disseminated metastatic abscesses, frequently including a septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. The main pathogen is Fusobacterium necrophorum, an obligate anaerobic, pleomorphic, gram-negative rod. Clinical microbiologists have a key role in alerting clinicians and advising proper antibiotic treatment when the characteristic microscopic morphology of the pleomorphic F. necrophorum is seen in Gram stains from positive anaerobic cultures of blood and pus. Early diagnosis and prolonged appropriate antibiotic treatment with good anaerobic coverage are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. F. necrophorum also causes human necrobacillosis with foci caudal to the head, mainly in elderly patients with high mortality related to age and predisposing diseases, such as cancers of the primary focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Atta
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid-Jordan
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