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Silva GB, De La Côrte FD, Brass KE, Palma HE, Gallio M, Cantarelli C, Bertolin K, Krause A, Wergutz J, Fontanari Krause LM, Antoniazzi AQ. Viability of Equine Chondrocytes After Exposure to Mepivacaine and Ropivacaine In Vitro. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 77:80-85. [PMID: 31133323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte health is altered when exposed to local anesthetics, raising concerns as to the long-term effects of local anesthetics intra-articularly for diagnosis and analgesia. To investigate the drug with the lowest toxic potential, the effect of ropivacaine and mepivacaine on chondrocytes was evaluated. Articular cartilage from normal metacarpophalangeal joints of five equine cadaver specimens was used to establish chondrocyte cultures. Following seven days, chondrocytes were exposed to standard culture medium (DMEM), ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml (ROP7.5), ropivacaine 10 mg/ml (ROP10), mepivacaine 20 mg/ml (MEP20), mepivacaine 30 mg/ml (MEP 30), and 0.9% saline solution (SAL). Chondrocyte viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion, MTT, and flow cytometry via cellular staining with propidium iodide. No differences were observed between treatments following trypan blue exclusion assay. A difference was observed between DMEM and all other treatment groups (P < .0001) with a significant viability drop using the MTT assay. Mepivacaine 20 mg/ml and MEP30 exposure between showed greatest decrease in cellular viability compared to SAL, ROP7.5, and ROP10 (P < .0001). Cellular viability decreased as measured by flow cytometry in all groups compared to DMEM and ROP7.5 (P < .02). Interestingly, the trypan blue, MTT, and flow cytometry assays yielded different results. Although there was no difference using trypan blue, MTT demonstrated that ropivacaine-treated cells had lower viability than DMEM, and cytometry found that ROP7.5 did not differ from DMEM. Results in vitro suggest that short-term exposure to ropivacaine may result in less chondrotoxicity than mepivacaine. In vivo studies are warranted investigating long-term effects of local anesthetics on equine articular cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Biavaschi Silva
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Flávio D De La Côrte
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karin E Brass
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Einloft Palma
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cruz Alta, Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miguel Gallio
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Educacional do Alto Uruguai, Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Cantarelli
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Krause
- Department of Small Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julien Wergutz
- Health Department, School of Biomedicine, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Department of Large Animal Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Marolf V, Spadavecchia C, Fouché N, Rohrbach H. Repeated perineural administrations of ropivacaine at the tibial nerve following a degloving injury in a horse. Vet rec case rep 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2016-000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Marolf
- Vetsuisse‐FacultyDivision of Anaesthesiology and Pain treatmentDepartment of Clinical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesUniversity of LiègeLiègeBelgium
| | - Claudia Spadavecchia
- Vetsuisse‐FacultyDivision of Anaesthesiology and Pain treatmentDepartment of Clinical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Nathalie Fouché
- Vetsuisse‐FacultySwiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME)University of Bern and AgroscopeBernSwitzerland
| | - Helene Rohrbach
- Vetsuisse‐FacultyDivision of Anaesthesiology and Pain treatmentDepartment of Clinical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
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Silva GB, De La Côrte FD, Brass KE, Azevedo MS, Dau S, Ceni F, Lopes LF. Duration and Efficacy of Different Local Anesthetics on the Palmar Digital Nerve Block in Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López-Sanromán FJ, Cruz JM, Santos M, Mazzini RA, Tabanera A, Tendillo FJ. Evaluation of the local analgesic effect of ketamine in the palmar digital nerve block at the base of the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in horses. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64:475-8. [PMID: 12693539 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the local analgesic effect of ketamine in a palmar digital nerve block at the base of the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in horses. ANIMALS 36 mature healthy Andalusian horses. PROCEDURE Horses were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 9 horses each and received an abaxial sesamoid block in a randomly chosen forelimb with 1 of the following: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 1% ketamine solution, 2% ketamine solution, or 3% ketamine solution. To determine analgesia, the radiant heat lamp-hoof withdrawal model was used as a noxious thermal stimulus. Before each nerve block, baseline hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL, time between lamp illumination and withdrawal of the hoof) was determined; after the nerve block, local analgesic effects were determined by measuring HWRL at 2 and 5 minutes after injection and then every 5 minutes for a total period of 1 hour. RESULTS Significant differences in HWRL were found between baseline values and values at 2 to 15 minutes following a nerve block with ketamine. Significant differences were found between HWRL values at every time point from 2 to 10 minutes following a nerve block with saline solution, compared with 1 or 2% ketamine solution. Similarly, significant differences were found between HWRL values at every time point from 2 to 15 minutes following a nerve block with saline solution, compared with 3% ketamine solution. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Abaxial sesamoid block with ketamine ensures adequate analgesia in horses with an onset of action of 2 minutes and a maximal duration of action of 15 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier López-Sanromán
- Departamento de Patología Animal II, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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