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Motouchi S, Komba S, Nakai H, Nakajima M. Discovery of Anomer-Inverting Transglycosylase: Cyclic Glucohexadecaose-Producing Enzyme from Xanthomonas, a Phytopathogen. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17738-17746. [PMID: 38957137 PMCID: PMC11228985 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Various Xanthomonas species cause well-known plant diseases. Among various pathogenic factors, the role of α-1,6-cyclized β-1,2-glucohexadecaose (CβG16α) produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris was previously shown to be vital for infecting model organisms, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, enzymes responsible for biosynthesizing CβG16α are essentially unknown, which limits the generation of agrichemicals that inhibit CβG16α synthesis. In this study, we discovered that OpgD from X. campestris pv. campestris converts linear β-1,2-glucan to CβG16α. Structural and functional analyses revealed OpgD from X. campestris pv. campestris possesses an anomer-inverting transglycosylation mechanism, which is unprecedented among glycoside hydrolase family enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Motouchi
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shiro Komba
- Division
of Food Processing and Biomaterials Biomaterials Development Group,
Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture
and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty
of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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2
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Motouchi S, Kobayashi K, Nakai H, Nakajima M. Identification of enzymatic functions of osmo-regulated periplasmic glucan biosynthesis proteins from Escherichia coli reveals a novel glycoside hydrolase family. Commun Biol 2023; 6:961. [PMID: 37735577 PMCID: PMC10514313 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Most Gram-negative bacteria synthesize osmo-regulated periplasmic glucans (OPG) in the periplasm or extracellular space. Pathogenicity of many pathogens is lost by knocking out opgG, an OPG-related gene indispensable for OPG synthesis. However, the biochemical functions of OpgG and OpgD, a paralog of OpgG, have not been elucidated. In this study, structural and functional analyses of OpgG and OpgD from Escherichia coli revealed that these proteins are β-1,2-glucanases with remarkably different activity from each other, establishing a new glycoside hydrolase family, GH186. Furthermore, a reaction mechanism with an unprecedentedly long proton transfer pathway among glycoside hydrolase families is proposed for OpgD. The conformation of the region that forms the reaction pathway differs noticeably between OpgG and OpgD, which explains the observed low activity of OpgG. The findings enhance our understanding of OPG biosynthesis and provide insights into functional diversity for this novel enzyme family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Motouchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kaito Kobayashi
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2-4-7 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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3
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Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Abstract
Among all the systems developed by enterobacteria to face osmotic stress, only osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) were found to be modulated during osmotic fluxes. First detected in 1973 by E.P. Kennedy's group in a study of phospholipid turnover in Escherichia coli, OPGs have been shown across alpha, beta, and gamma subdivisions of the proteobacteria. Discovery of OPG-like compounds in the epsilon subdivision strongly suggested that the presence of periplasmic glucans is essential for almost all proteobacteria. This article offers an overview of the different classes of OPGs. Then, the biosynthesis of OPGs and their regulation in E. coli and other species are discussed. Finally, the biological role of OPGs is developed. Beyond structural function, OPGs are involved in pathogenicity, in particular, by playing a role in signal transduction pathways. Recently, OPG synthesis proteins have been suggested to control cell division and growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Bontemps-Gallo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bohin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Lacroix
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F 59000 Lille, France
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5
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Cho E, Jeong D, Choi Y, Jung S. Properties and current applications of bacterial cyclic β-glucans and their derivatives. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Cho E, Lee S, Jung S. Non-enzymatic Self-acetylation of α-Cyclosophorotridecaoses Isolated from Ralstonia solanacearum: Mass Spectrometric Study. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.8.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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Plainchont B, Martinez A, Tisse S, Bouillon JP, Pilard F, Wieruszeski JM, Lippens G, Jeannerat D, Nuzillard JM. New and old NMR experiments for the resonance assignment of complex oligosaccharides--application to a cyclodextrin derivative. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2011; 49:781-787. [PMID: 22052381 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The complete assignment of the (1)H and (13)C sugar resonances in mono-3,6-anhydro-heptakis(2,3-O-methyl)-hexakis(6-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin, an asymmetrically functionalized β-cyclodextrin, was carried out by means of 2D NMR experiments. The TOCSY and the homonuclear multiple relay COSY spectra provided most of the (1)H assignments. The multiplicity edited HSQC and a set of F(1) selective HSQC-TOCSY and multiple relay HSQC-COSY spectra gave access to most of the (13)C chemical shifts. The latter were fully and accurately determined by means of a pair of complementary, highly folded HSQC-TOCSY spectra. The TOCSY-ROESY and ROESY-TOCSY spectra yielded the sequential assignment of the sugar units. A high resolution F(1) selective F(1) decoupled version of the TOCSY-ROESY experiment was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Plainchont
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CNRS UMR 6229, Reims, France
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8
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Hreggvidsson GO, Dobruchowska JM, Fridjonsson OH, Jonsson JO, Gerwig GJ, Aevarsson A, Kristjansson JK, Curti D, Redgwell RJ, Hansen CE, Kamerling JP, Debeche-Boukhit T, Suzuki N, Nawa D, Yamamoto K, Ju T, Xia B, Aryal RP, Wang W, Wang Y, Ding X, Mi R, He M, Cummings RD. Errata. Glycobiology 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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9
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Kwon CH, Jeong DH, Jung SH. Chiral Separation of Catechin by Capillary Electrophoresis with α-Cyclosophorooctadecaose Isolated from Rhodobacter sphaeroides as Chiral Selectors. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.4.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Kwon C, Jung S. Stereoisomeric separation of some flavanones using highly succinate-substituted α-cyclosophoro-octadecaoses as chiral additives in capillary electrophoresis. Carbohydr Res 2010; 346:133-9. [PMID: 21093852 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Cyclosophoro-octadecaoses (α-C18), produced by Rhodobacter sphaeroides, are mostly homogeneous in size with 18 glucose units per ring as the predominant form. α-C18s are linked by β-(1→4)-linkages and one α-(1→6)-linkage and are also known to be highly substituted by acetyl (0-2 per mol) and/or succinoyl groups (1-7 per mol). We isolated and purified α-C18 and successfully used it in capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a chiral additive for the separation of five flavanones and flavanone-7-O-glycosides, including naringenin, hesperetin, eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, and hesperidin. Throughout the CE experiment with unsubstituted α-C18 (uα-C18) obtained after alkaline treatment of the isolated α-C18, we found that successful chiral separation critically depends on the presence of succinate substituents attached to α-C18 in CE, suggesting that succinoylation of α-C18 is decisive for effective stereoisomeric separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanho Kwon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, South Korea
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11
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Hreggvidsson GO, Dobruchowska JM, Fridjonsson OH, Jonsson JO, Gerwig GJ, Aevarsson A, Kristjansson JK, Curti D, Redgwell RR, Hansen CE, Kamerling JP, Debeche-Boukhit T. Exploring novel non-Leloir β-glucosyltransferases from proteobacteria for modifying linear (β1→3)-linked gluco-oligosaccharide chains. Glycobiology 2010; 21:304-28. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwq165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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12
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Abstract
Periplasmic glucans (PGs) are general constituents in the periplasmic space of Proteobacteria. PGs from bacterial strains are found in larger amounts during growth on medium with low osmolarity and thus are often been specified as osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). Furthermore, they appear to play crucial roles in pathogenesis and symbiosis. PGs have been classified into four families based on the structural features of their backbones, and they can be modified by a variety of non-sugar substituents. It has also recently been confirmed that novel PGs with various degrees of polymerization (DPs) and/or different substituents are produced under different growth conditions among Proteobacteria. In addition to their biological functions as regulators of low osmolarity, PGs have a variety of physico-chemical properties due to their inherent three-dimensional structures, hydrogen-bonding and complex-forming abilities. Thus, much attention has recently been focused on their physico-chemical applications. In this review, we provide an updated classification of PGs, as well as a description of the occurrences of novel PGs with substituents under various bacterial growth environments, the genes involved in PG biosynthesis and the various physico-chemical properties of PGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoo Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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13
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Novel succinylated and large-sized osmoregulated periplasmic glucans of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:996-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Complete genome sequence of Nitrosospira multiformis, an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium from the soil environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:3559-72. [PMID: 18390676 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02722-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete genome of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosospira multiformis (ATCC 25196(T)) consists of a circular chromosome and three small plasmids totaling 3,234,309 bp and encoding 2,827 putative proteins. Of the 2,827 putative proteins, 2,026 proteins have predicted functions and 801 are without conserved functional domains, yet 747 of these have similarity to other predicted proteins in databases. Gene homologs from Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas eutropha were the best match for 42% of the predicted genes in N. multiformis. The N. multiformis genome contains three nearly identical copies of amo and hao gene clusters as large repeats. The features of N. multiformis that distinguish it from N. europaea include the presence of gene clusters encoding urease and hydrogenase, a ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase-encoding operon of distinctive structure and phylogeny, and a relatively small complement of genes related to Fe acquisition. Systems for synthesis of a pyoverdine-like siderophore and for acyl-homoserine lactone were unique to N. multiformis among the sequenced genomes of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Gene clusters encoding proteins associated with outer membrane and cell envelope functions, including transporters, porins, exopolysaccharide synthesis, capsule formation, and protein sorting/export, were abundant. Numerous sensory transduction and response regulator gene systems directed toward sensing of the extracellular environment are described. Gene clusters for glycogen, polyphosphate, and cyanophycin storage and utilization were identified, providing mechanisms for meeting energy requirements under substrate-limited conditions. The genome of N. multiformis encodes the core pathways for chemolithoautotrophy along with adaptations for surface growth and survival in soil environments.
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15
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Cho E, Lee S, Jung S. Novel acetylated α-cyclosophorotridecaose produced by Ralstonia solanacearum. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:912-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update covering the period 2001-2002. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:125-201. [PMID: 18247413 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is the second update of the original review on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates that was published in 1999. It covers fundamental aspects of the technique as applied to carbohydrates, fragmentation of carbohydrates, studies of specific carbohydrate types such as those from plant cell walls and those attached to proteins and lipids, studies of glycosyl-transferases and glycosidases, and studies where MALDI has been used to monitor products of chemical synthesis. Use of the technique shows a steady annual increase at the expense of older techniques such as FAB. There is an increasing emphasis on its use for examination of biological systems rather than on studies of fundamental aspects and method development and this is reflected by much of the work on applications appearing in tabular form.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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17
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Lequette Y, Rollet E, Delangle A, Greenberg EP, Bohin JP. Linear osmoregulated periplasmic glucans are encoded by the opgGH locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology (Reading) 2007; 153:3255-3263. [PMID: 17906125 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2007/008953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are produced by many proteobacteria and are important for bacterial-host interactions. The opgG and opgH genes involved in the synthesis of OPGs are the most widely distributed genes in proteobacterial genomes. Two other non-homologous genes, both named ndvB, are also involved in OPG biosynthesis in several species. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome possesses two ORFs, PA5077 and PA5078, that show similarity to opgH and opgG of Pseudomonas syringae, respectively, and one ORF, PA1163, similar to ndvB of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Here, we report that the opgGH locus of P. aeruginosa PA14 is involved in the synthesis of linear polymers with beta-1,2-linked glucosyl residues branched with a few beta-1,6 glucosyl residues. Succinyl residues also substitute this glucose backbone. Transcription of opgGH is repressed by high osmolarity. Low osmolarity promotes the formation of highly structured biofilms, but biofilm development is slower and the area of biomass is reduced under high osmolarity. Biofilm development of an opgGH mutant grown under low osmolarity presents a similar phenotype to the wild-type biofilm grown under high osmolarity. These results suggest that OPGs are important for biofilm formation under conditions of low osmolarity. A previous study suggested that the P. aeruginosa ndvB gene is involved in the resistance of biofilms to antibiotics. We have shown that ndvB is not involved in the biosynthesis of the OPG described here, and opgGH do not appear to be involved in the resistance of P. aeruginosa PA14 biofilms to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Lequette
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Eglantine Rollet
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle CNRS UMR 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Aurélie Delangle
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle CNRS UMR 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - E Peter Greenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Bohin
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle CNRS UMR 8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Roset MS, Ciocchini AE, Ugalde RA, Iñón de Iannino N. The Brucella abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan virulence factor is substituted with O-ester-linked succinyl residues. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:5003-13. [PMID: 16816173 PMCID: PMC1539967 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00086-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella periplasmic cyclic beta-1,2-glucan plays an important role during bacterium-host interaction. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry analysis, thin-layer chromatography, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography were used to characterize Brucella abortus cyclic glucan. In the present study, we report that a fraction of B. abortus cyclic beta-1,2-glucan is substituted with succinyl residues, which confer anionic character on the cyclic beta-1,2-glucan. The oligosaccharide backbone is substituted at C-6 positions with an average of two succinyl residues per glucan molecule. This O-ester-linked succinyl residue is the only substituent of Brucella cyclic glucan. A B. abortus open reading frame (BAB1_1718) homologous to Rhodobacter sphaeroides glucan succinyltransferase (OpgC) was identified as the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for cyclic glucan modification. This gene was named cgm for cyclic glucan modifier and is highly conserved in Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that B. abortus cgm consists of a 1,182-bp open reading frame coding for a predicted membrane protein of 393 amino acid residues (42.7 kDa) 39% identical to Rhodobacter sphaeroides succinyltransferase. cgm null mutants in B. abortus strains 2308 and S19 produced neutral glucans without succinyl residues, confirming the identity of this protein as the cyclic-glucan succinyltransferase enzyme. In this study, we demonstrate that succinyl substituents of cyclic beta-1,2-glucan of B. abortus are necessary for hypo-osmotic adaptation. On the other hand, intracellular multiplication and mouse spleen colonization are not affected in cgm mutants, indicating that cyclic-beta-1,2-glucan succinylation is not required for virulence and suggesting that no low-osmotic stress conditions must be overcome during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara S Roset
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Av. Gral Paz 5445, CP1650, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Jung Y, Park H, Cho E, Jung S. Structural analyses of novel glycerophosphorylated α-cyclosophorohexadecaoses isolated from X. campestris pv. campestris. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:673-7. [PMID: 15721339 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Novel periplasmic anionic cyclic glucans produced by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris were isolated by trichloroacetic acid treatment and various chromatographic techniques. No report has been made on the presence of substituted cyclic glucans of the Xanthomonas species. We show, for the first time, that X. campestris pv. campestris produces the anionic cyclic glucans with phosphoglycerol residues, the presence of which can be predicted by analyzing the sequence database with the aid of the NCBI RefSeq database. To analyze the structure of isolated anionic cyclic glucans analyses, we used NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS). The results suggest that the novel anionic forms of the cyclic glucans of X. campestris pv. campestris are glycerophosphorylated alpha-cyclosophorohexadecaose with one or two phosphoglycerol substituents at the C-6 positions of the glucose residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjung Jung
- Department of Microbial Engineering and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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20
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Zanetta JP, Pons A, Richet C, Huet G, Timmerman P, Leroy Y, Bohin A, Bohin JP, Trinel PA, Poulain D, Hofsteenge J. Quantitative gas chromatography/mass spectrometry determination of C-mannosylation of tryptophan residues in glycoproteins. Anal Biochem 2004; 329:199-206. [PMID: 15158478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2004.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-mannosylation of Trp residue is one of the most recently discovered types of glycosylation, but the identification of these mannosylated residues in proteins is rather tedious. In a previous paper, it was reported that the complete analysis of all constituents of glycoproteins (sialic acids, monosaccharides, and amino acids) could be determined on the same sample in three different steps of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of heptafluorobutyrate derivatives. It was observed that during the acid-catalyzed methanolysis step used for liberation of monosaccharide from classical O- and N-glycans, Trp and His were quantitatively transformed by the addition of a methanol molecule on their indole and imidazole groups, respectively. These derivatives were stable to acid hydrolysis used for the liberation of amino acids. Since monosaccharide derivatives were also stabilized as heptafluorobutyrate derivatives of O-methyl-glycosides, it was suggested that C-mannosides of Trp residues could quantitatively be recovered. Based on the analyses of standard compounds, peptides and RNase 2 from human urine, we report that C((2))-mannosylated Trp could be quantitatively recovered and identified during the step of amino acid analysis. Analyses of different samples indicated that this type of glycosylation is absent in bacteria and yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Zanetta
- CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille Bâtiment C9, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
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Komaniecka I, Choma A. Isolation and characterization of periplasmic cyclic β-glucans ofAzorhizobium caulinodans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2003; 227:263-9. [PMID: 14592718 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1097(03)00690-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligoglucose molecules isolated from Azorhizobium caulinodans were characterized by compositional analysis, Smith degradation, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. A. caulinodans produced nonbranched and unsubstituted cyclic glucans composed solely of glucose, with the degree of polymerization ranging from 10 to 13. A major fraction of the periplasmic glucans contains 11 glucose residues within rings. The glucose residues are linked by beta-(1,3) and beta-(1,6) glycosidic bonds. These molecules seem to be quite similar to the periplasmic beta-(1,3);(1,6)-glucans synthesized by the Bradyrhizobium strain and are substantially different from the cyclic beta-(1,2)-glucans produced by Agrobacterium and Sinorhizobium species. Azorhizobial cyclic glucan synthesis is not osmoregulated. The response to the osmotic stress in Azorhizobium can be regulated similarly to Brucella spp. It is probable that the biosynthesis of beta-glucans is subject to the feedback control mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Komaniecka
- Department of General Microbiology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 19 Akademicka St., 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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Cogez V, Gak E, Puskas A, Kaplan S, Bohin JP. The opgGIH and opgC genes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides form an operon that controls backbone synthesis and succinylation of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2002; 269:2473-84. [PMID: 12027885 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2002.02907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides are anionic cyclic molecules that accumulate in large amounts in the periplasmic space in response to low osmolarity of the medium. Their anionic character is provided by the substitution of the glucosidic backbone by succinyl residues. A wild-type strain was subject to transposon mutagenesis, and putative mutant clones were screened for changes in OPGs by thin layer chromatography. One mutant deficient in succinyl substitution of the OPGs was obtained and the gene inactivated in this mutant was characterized and named opgC. opgC is located downstream of three ORFs, opgGIH, two of which are similar to the Escherichia coli operon, mdoGH, governing OPG backbone synthesis. Inactivation of opgG, opgI or opgH abolished OPG production and complementation analysis indicated that the three genes are necessary for backbone synthesis. In contrast, inactivation of a gene similar to ndvB, encoding the OPG-glucosyl transferase in Sinorhizobium meliloti, had no consequence on OPG synthesis in Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Cassette insertions in opgH had a polar effect on glucan substitution, indicating that opgC is in the same transcription unit. Expression of opgIHC in E. coli mdoB/mdoC and mdoH mutants allowed the production of slightly anionic and abnormally long linear glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Cogez
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR8576, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, France
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