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Singh DK, Carcamo S, Farias EF, Hasson D, Zheng W, Sun D, Huang X, Cheung J, Nobre AR, Kale N, Sosa MS, Bernstein E, Aguirre-Ghiso JA. 5-Azacytidine- and retinoic-acid-induced reprogramming of DCCs into dormancy suppresses metastasis via restored TGF-β-SMAD4 signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112560. [PMID: 37267946 PMCID: PMC10592471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) in secondary organs can remain dormant for years to decades before reactivating into overt metastasis. Microenvironmental signals leading to cancer cell chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming appear to control onset and escape from dormancy. Here, we reveal that the therapeutic combination of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine (AZA) and the retinoic acid receptor ligands all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) or AM80, an RARα-specific agonist, promotes stable dormancy in cancer cells. Treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) or breast cancer cells with AZA+atRA induces a SMAD2/3/4-dependent transcriptional program that restores transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-signaling and anti-proliferative function. Significantly, either combination, AZA+atRA or AZA+AM80, strongly suppresses HNSCC lung metastasis formation by inducing and maintaining solitary DCCs in a SMAD4+/NR2F1+ non-proliferative state. Notably, SMAD4 knockdown is sufficient to drive resistance to AZA+atRA-induced dormancy. We conclude that therapeutic doses of AZA and RAR agonists may induce and/or maintain dormancy and significantly limit metastasis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Singh
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Saul Carcamo
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo F Farias
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan Hasson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Bioinformatics for Next Generation Sequencing Facility, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dan Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Julie Cheung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Rita Nobre
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nupura Kale
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Soledad Sosa
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily Bernstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julio A Aguirre-Ghiso
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Cancer Dormancy and Tumor Microenvironment Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Montefiore Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Park NH, Park JS, Kang YG, Bae JH, Lee HK, Yeom MH, Cho JC, Na YJ. Soybean extract showed modulation of retinoic acid-related gene expression of skin and photo-protective effects in keratinocytes. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:136-42. [PMID: 23075113 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Soy extracts are well known as medicinal and nutritional ingredients, and exhibit benefits towards human skin including depigmenting or anti-ageing effects. Despite the wrinkle decreasing effects of retinoids on skin as an anti-ageing ingredient, retinoid application can causes photo-sensitive responses such as skin irritation. Thus, their daytime usage is not recommended. The aim of this study is the investigation into the activities of soybean extract as an anti-ageing ingredient and their comparison to retinoids in this respect. Soybean extract decreased the relative ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 mRNA to the same degree as retinoic acid in normal human fibroblasts. It also affected mRNA levels of HAS2 and CRABP2 in normal human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we investigated its effect on mRNA expression of histidase, an enzyme that converts histidine into urocanic acid, the main UV light absorption factor of the stratum corneum. Unlike the complete inhibition of histidase exhibited by the mRNA expression of retinoic acid, the effect of soybean extract on histidase gene expression was weaker in normal human keratinocytes. Also, soybean extract pretreatment inhibited UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation dose-dependently in normal human keratinocytes. In this study, we found that soybean extract modulated retinoic acid-related genes and showed photo-protective effects. Our findings suggest that soybean extract could be an anti-ageing ingredient that can be safely used under the sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-H Park
- Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific R&D center, 314-1 Bora-dong, Giheung-gu, 446-729, Yongin, South Korea
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Zeng W, Tahrani A, Shakher J, Varani J, Hughes S, Dubb K, Stevens MJ. Effects of a synthetic retinoid on skin structure, matrix metalloproteinases, and procollagen in healthy and high-risk subjects with diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2011; 25:398-404. [PMID: 22055260 PMCID: PMC3240843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In diabetes, foot ulceration may result from increased skin fragility. Retinoids can reverse some diabetes-induced deficits of skin structure and function, but their clinical utility is limited by skin irritation. The effects of diabetes and MDI 301, a nonirritating synthetic retinoid, and retinoic acid have been evaluated on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), procollagen expression, and skin structure in skin biopsies from nondiabetic volunteers and diabetic subjects at risk of foot ulceration using organ culture techniques. METHODS Zymography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were utilized for analysis of MMP-1, -2, and -9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and immunohistochemistry for type I procollagen protein abundance. Collagen structure parameters were assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. RESULTS The % of active MMP-1 and -9 was higher and TIMP-1 abundance was lower in subjects with diabetes. Type 1 procollagen abundance was reduced and skin structural deficits were increased in diabetes. Three μM MDI 301 reduced active MMP-1 and -9 abundance by 29% (P < .05) and 40% (P < .05), respectively, and increased TIMP-1 by 45% (P = .07). MDI 301 increased type 1 procollagen abundance by 40% (P < .01) and completely corrected structural deficit scores. Two μM retinoic acid reduced MMP-1 but did not significantly affect skin structure. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that diabetic patients at risk of foot ulceration have deficits of skin structure and function. MDI 301 offers potential for repairing this skin damage complicating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zeng
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK, B15 2TT
| | - Abd Tahrani
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK, B15 2TT
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK B9 5SS
| | | | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Sharon Hughes
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK, B15 2TT
| | - Kiran Dubb
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK, B15 2TT
| | - Martin J Stevens
- School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham UK, B15 2TT
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK B9 5SS
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Studies on Multifunctional Effect of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA) on Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and Its Regulatory Molecules in Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7). JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2009:627840. [PMID: 19636436 PMCID: PMC2712868 DOI: 10.1155/2009/627840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2008] [Revised: 02/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is considered as a potent chemotherapeutic drug for its capability of regulating cell growth and differentiation. We studied the effect of ATRA on MMP-2 in MCF-7, human breast cancer cells, and the probable signaling pathways which are affected by ATRA on regulating pro-MMP-2 activity and expression. Methods. Gelatin zymography, RT-PCR, ELISA, Western blot, Immunoprecipitation, and Cell adhesion assay are used. Results. Gelatin zymography showed that ATRA caused a dose-dependent inhibition of pro-MMP-2 activity. ATRA treatment downregulates the expression of MT1-MMP, EMMPRIN, FAK, NF-kB, and p-ERK. However, expression of E-cadherin, RAR, and CRABP increased upon ATRA treatment. Binding of cells to extra cellular matrix (ECM) protein fibronectin reduced significantly after ATRA treatment. Conclusions. The experimental findings clearly showed the inhibition of MMP-2 activity upon ATRA treatment. This inhibitory effect of ATRA on MMP-2 activity in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) may result due to its inhibitory effect on MT1-MMP, EMMPRIN, and upregulation of TIMP-2. This study is focused on the effect of ATRA on MMP, MMP-integrin-E-cadherin interrelationship, and also the effect of the drug on different signaling molecules which may involve in the progression of malignant tumor development.
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Hillegass JM, Murphy KA, Villano CM, White LA. The impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling on matrix metabolism: implications for development and disease. Biol Chem 2008; 387:1159-73. [PMID: 16972783 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2006.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was identified as the receptor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds. However, novel data indicate that the AhR binds a variety of unrelated endogenous and exogenous compounds. Although AhR knockout mice demonstrate that this receptor has a role in normal development and physiology, the function of this receptor is still unclear. Recent evidence suggests that AhR signaling also alters the expression of genes involved in matrix metabolism, specifically the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMP expression and activity is critical to normal physiological processes that require tissue remodeling, as well as in mediating the progression of a variety of diseases. MMPs not only degrade structural proteins, but are also important mediators of cell signaling near or at the cell membrane through exposure of cryptic sites, release of growth factors, and cleavage of receptors. Therefore, AhR modulation of MMP expression and activity may be critical, not only in pathogenesis, but also in understanding the endogenous function of the AhR. In this review we will examine the data indicating a role for the AhR-signaling pathway in the regulation of matrix remodeling, and discuss potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedd M Hillegass
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 76 Lipman Dr., New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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A novel role for the retinoic acid-catabolizing enzyme CYP26A1 in Barrett's associated adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2007; 27:2951-60. [PMID: 18059332 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency is associated with carcinogenesis, and upregulation of CYP26A1, a major retinoic acid (RA)-catabolizing enzyme, has recently been shown in cancer. We have previously demonstrated alterations of RA biosynthesis in Barrett's oesophagus, the precursor lesion to oesophageal adenocarcinoma. The aims of this study were to determine CYP26A1 expression levels and functional effects in Barrett's associated carcinogenesis. Retinoic acid response element reporter cells were used to determine RA levels in non-dysplastic and dysplastic Barrett's cell lines and endoscopic biopsies. CYP26A1 expression levels, with or without induction by RA and lithocholic acid, were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. CYP26A1 promoter activity was determined by a luciferase reporter construct. CYP26A1 was stably overexpressed in GihTERT cells, which were evaluated for gene-expression changes (pathway array and quantitative RT-PCR), cellular proliferation (cytometric DNA profile and colorimetric assay) and invasion (in vitro matrigel assay) with or without the CYP inhibitor ketaconazole. RA levels decreased progressively with the degree of dysplasia (P<0.05) and were inversely correlated with CYP26A1 gene levels and activity (P<0.01). CYP26A1 expression was increased synergistically by RA and lithocholic acid (P<0.05). Overexpression of CYP26A1 led to induction of c-Myc, epidermal growth factor receptor and matrix metalloproteinase 3 as well as downregulation of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 and 3. Functional effects of CYP26A1 overexpression were increased proliferation (P<0.01) and invasion in vitro (P<0.01), which were inhibited by ketaconazole. Overexpression of CYP26A1 causes intracellular RA depletion and drives the cell into a highly proliferative and invasive state with induction of other known oncogenes.
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Engers R, Springer E, Kehren V, Simic T, Young DA, Beier J, Klotz LO, Clark IM, Sies H, Gabbert HE. Rac upregulates tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression by redox-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. FEBS J 2006; 273:4754-69. [PMID: 16984397 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05476.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Rho-like GTPase Rac regulates distinct actin cytoskeleton changes required for adhesion, migration and invasion of cells. Tiam1 specifically activates Rac, and Rac has been shown to affect several signaling pathways in a partly cell-type-specific manner. Recently, we demonstrated that Rac activation inhibits Matrigel invasion of human carcinoma cells by transcriptional upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1. The purpose of the present study was to identify key mediators of Tiam1/Rac-induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression. Mutational analysis of the human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promoter revealed a major role for a distinct activating protein-1 site at -92/-86 and a minor role for an adjacent polyoma enhancer A3 site. Moreover, Rac activation induced the generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2. In contrast, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activities were not affected. In line with this, Tiam1/Rac-induced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression as well as Tiam1/Rac-induced binding of nuclear extracts to the activating protein-1 site at -92/-86 were inhibited by catalase and by specific inhibitors of the extracellular signal-related kinase-1,2 activators, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-2 (PD098059, U0126). In conclusion, Rac-induced transcriptional upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of extracellular signal-related kinase-1,2 and by transcription factors of the activating protein-1 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Engers
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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