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Desforges JP, Jasperse L, Jensen TH, Grøndahl C, Bertelsen MF, Guise SD, Sonne C, Dietz R, Levin M. Immune function in arctic mammals: Natural killer (NK) cell-like activity in polar bear, muskox and reindeer. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2017; 195:72-75. [PMID: 29249321 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a vital part of the rapid and non-specific immune defense against invading pathogens and tumor cells. This study evaluated NK cell-like activity by flow cytometry for the first time in three ecologically and culturally important Arctic mammal species: polar bear (Ursus maritimus), muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). NK cell-like activity for all three species was most effective against the mouse lymphoma cell line YAC-1, compared to the human leukemia cell line K562; NK cell response displayed the characteristic increase in cytotoxic activity when the effector:target cell ratio increased. Comparing NK activity between fresh and cryopreserved mouse lymphocytes revealed little to no difference in function, highlighting the applicability of cryopreserving cells in field studies. The evaluation of this important innate immune function in Arctic mammals can contribute to future population health assessments, especially as pollution-induced suppression of immune function may increase infectious disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Desforges
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Lindsay Jasperse
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3089, United States
| | | | - Carsten Grøndahl
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mads F Bertelsen
- Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 38, DK-2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sylvain De Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3089, United States
| | - Christian Sonne
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Milton Levin
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, 61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-3089, United States
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Cell mediated innate responses of cattle and swine are diverse during foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection: a unique landscape of innate immunity. Immunol Lett 2013; 152:135-43. [PMID: 23727070 PMCID: PMC7112845 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the innate immunity can protect domestic animals from viruses. Innate immune cells have potential capacity to afford protection against infection. Understanding the innate and adaptive immunity will aid rational vaccine design.
Pathogens in general and pathogenic viruses in particular have evolved a myriad of mechanisms to escape the immune response of mammalian species. Viruses that cause acute disease tend to bear characteristics that make them very contagious, as survival does not derive from chronicity of infection, but spread of disease throughout the herd. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most contagious viruses known. Upon infection of susceptible species, cloven-hoofed animals, the virus proliferates rapidly and causes a vesicular disease within 2–4 days. Disease symptoms resolve by 10 days to 2 weeks and in most cases, virus can no longer be detected. Periods of fever and viremia are usually brief, 1–3 days. In vivo control of virus infection and clearance of the virus during and following acute infection is of particular interest. The interaction of this virus with cells mediating the early, innate immune response has been analyzed in a number of recent studies. In most reports, the virus has a distinct inhibitory effect on the response of cells early in infection. Here we review these new data and discuss the dynamics of the interaction of virus with different cell types mediating the immune response to infection.
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Boysen P, Storset AK. Bovine natural killer cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 130:163-77. [PMID: 19339058 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have received much attention due to their cytotoxic abilities, often with a focus on their implications for cancer and transplantation. But despite their name, NK cells are also potent producers of cytokines like interferon-gamma. Recent discoveries of their interplay with dendritic cells and T-cells have shown that NK cells participate significantly in the onset and shaping of adaptive cellular immune responses, and increasingly these cells have become associated with protection from viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. Furthermore, they are substantially present in the placenta, apparently participating in the establishment of normal pregnancy. Consequently, NK cells have entered arenas of particular relevance in veterinary immunology. Limited data still exist on these cells in domestic animal species, much due to the lack of specific markers. However, bovine NK cells can be identified as NKp46 (CD335) expressing, CD3(-) lymphocytes. Recent studies have indicated a role for NK cells in important infectious diseases of cattle, and identified important bovine NK receptor families, including multiple KIRs and a single Ly49. In this review we will briefly summarize the current understanding of general NK cell biology, and then present the knowledge obtained thus far in the bovine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preben Boysen
- Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Department of Food Safety and Infection Biology, PO Box 8146 Dep, Oslo NO-0033, Norway.
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