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Ji L, Wei L, Zhang L, Li Y, Tian Y, Liu K, Ren H. Effects of Simulated Nitrogen Deposition and Micro-Environment on the Functional Traits of Two Rare and Endangered Fern Species in a Subtropical Forest. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3320. [PMID: 36501359 PMCID: PMC9740810 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although the effects of N deposition on forest plants have been widely reported, few studies have focused on rare and endangered fern species (REFs). Information is also lacking on the effects of micro-environments on REFs. We investigated the effects of N addition (canopy and understory N addition, CAN, and UAN) and micro-environments (soil and canopy conditions) on the functional traits (growth, defense, and reproduction; 19 traits in total) of two REFs-Alsophila podophylla and Cibotium baromet-in a subtropical forest in South China. We found that, compared to controls, CAN or UAN decreased the growth traits (e.g., plant height, H) of C. baromet, increased its defense traits (e.g., leaf organic acid concentrations, OA), delayed its reproductive event (all-spore release date), and prolonged its reproductive duration. In contrast, A. podophylla showed increased growth traits (e.g., H), decreased defense traits (e.g., OA), and advanced reproductive events (e.g., the all-spore emergence date) under CAN or UAN. Meanwhile, the negative effects on the C. baromet growth traits and A. podophylla defense traits were stronger for CAN than for UAN. In addition, the soil chemical properties always explained more of the variations in the growth and reproductive traits of the two REFs than the N addition. Our study indicates that, under simulated N deposition, C. baromet increases its investment in defense, whereas A. podophylla increases its investment in growth and reproduction; this may cause an increasing A. podophylla population and decreasing C. baromet population in subtropical forests. Our study also highlights the importance of considering micro-environments and the N-addition approach when predicting N deposition impact on subtropical forest REFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Ji
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Wei
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuanqiu Li
- Shimentai National Natural Reserve, Yingde 513000, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ke Liu
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hai Ren
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Vegetation Ecosystem Restoration on Islands and Coastal Zones, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Donoghue S, Turner PAM. A review of Australian tree fern ecology in forest communities. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shavawn Donoghue
- Forest Practices Authority 30 Patrick Street Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
- Institute of Marine and Antarctic Studies University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
| | - Perpetua A. M. Turner
- Forest Practices Authority 30 Patrick Street Hobart Tasmania 7000 Australia
- School of Natural Sciences and ARC Training Centre for Forest Value University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania Australia
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Bowd EJ, Blair DP, Lindenmayer DB. Prior disturbance legacy effects on plant recovery post‐high‐severity wildfire. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elle J. Bowd
- Fenner School of Environment and Society College of Science The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - David P. Blair
- Fenner School of Environment and Society College of Science The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society College of Science The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
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Blair DP, Blanchard W, Banks SC, Lindenmayer DB. Non-linear growth in tree ferns, Dicksonia antarctica and Cyathea australis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176908. [PMID: 28493884 PMCID: PMC5426625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree ferns are an important structural component of forests in many countries. However, because their regeneration is often unrelated to major disturbances, their age is often difficult to determine. In addition, rates of growth may not be uniform, which further complicates attempts to determine their age. In this study, we measured 5 years of growth of Cyathea australis and Dicksonia antarctica after a large wildfire in 2009 in south-eastern Australia. We found growth rates of these two species were unaffected by aspect and elevation but slope had a minor effect with D. antarctica growing 0.3mm faster for each additional degree of slope. Geographic location influenced growth in both species by up to 12 - 14mm/yr. The most consistent factor influencing growth rate, however, was initial height at the time of the 2009 fire; a finding consistent in both species and all geographic locations. For both tree fern species, individuals that were taller at the commencement of the study had greater overall growth for the duration of the study. This effect did not decrease even among the tallest tree ferns in our study (up to 6 metres tall). Overall, Cyathea australis averaged 73 (± 22)mm/year of growth (± 1SD), with the rate increasing 5mm/yr per metre of additional height. Dicksonia antarctica averaged 33 (± 13)mm/year, increasing by 6mm/yr/m. Growth rates dependent on initial height were unexpected and we discuss possible reasons for this finding. Variable growth rates also suggest that common age estimation methods of dividing height by average growth rate are likely to underestimate the age of short tree ferns, while overestimating the age of tall tree ferns, particularly if they have been subject to a fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Blair
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Long-term Ecological Research Network, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Wade Blanchard
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Long-term Ecological Research Network, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Sam C. Banks
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Long-term Ecological Research Network, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - David B. Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Long-term Ecological Research Network, Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Gago J, Coopman RE, Cabrera HM, Hermida C, Molins A, Conesa MÀ, Galmés J, Ribas-Carbó M, Flexas J. Photosynthesis limitations in three fern species. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 149:599-611. [PMID: 23692357 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Maximum photosynthesis rates in ferns are generally lower than those of seed plants, but little is known about the limiting factors, which are crucial to understand the evolution of photosynthesis in land plants. To address this issue, a gas exchange/chlorophyll fluorescence analysis was performed in three fern species spanning high phylogenetic range within Polypodiopsida (Osmunda regalis, Blechnum gibbum and Nephrolepis exaltata) to determine their maximum net photosynthesis (AN ), stomatal (gs ) and mesophyll (gm ) conductances to CO2 , and the maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vc,max ). The in vitro Rubisco specificity factor (SC /O ) was also determined. All three species had values for SC /O similar to those typical of seed plants, but values of AN , gs , gm and Vc,max were within the lowest range of those observed in seed plants. In addition, gs was unresponsive to light and CO2 , as already described in other fern species. On the contrary, gm varied with changes CO2 . A quantitative photosynthesis limitation analysis suggested that early land plants (ferns) presented not only stomatal limitations-which were less adjustable to the environment-but also restricted gm and Vc,max , resulting in limited maximum photosynthesis rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Rafael E Coopman
- Forest Ecophysiology Laboratory, Conservation, Biodiversity and Territory Institute, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Carmen Hermida
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Arántzazu Molins
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel À Conesa
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmés
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbó
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma, Spain
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Fountain-Jones NM, McQuillan PB, Grove S. Beetle communities associated with the tree fernDicksonia antarcticaLabill. in Tasmania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2011.00855.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Arosa ML, Ceia RS, Quintanilla LG, Ramos JA. The tree fern Dicksonia antarctica invades two habitats of European conservation priority in São Miguel Island, Azores. Biol Invasions 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Volkova L, Tausz M, Bennett LT, Dreyer E. Interactive effects of high irradiance and moderate heat on photosynthesis, pigments, and tocopherol in the tree-fern Dicksonia antarctica. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2010; 36:1046-1056. [PMID: 32688716 DOI: 10.1071/fp09098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effects of high irradiance and moderate heat on photosynthesis of the tree-fern Dicksonia antarctica (Labill., Dicksoniaceae) were examined in a climate chamber under two contrasting irradiance regimes (900 and 170 µmol photons m-2 s-1) and three sequential temperature treatments (15°C; 35°C; back to 15°C). High irradiance led to decline in predawn quantum yield of photochemistry, Fv/Fm (0.73), maximal Rubisco activity (Vcmax; from 37 to 29 µmol m-2s-1), and electron transport capacity (Jmax; from 115 to 67 µmol m-2 s-1). Temperature increase to 35°C resulted in further decreases in Fv/Fm (0.45) and in chlorophyll bleaching of high irradiance plants, while Vcmax and Jmax were not affected. Critical temperature for thylakoid stability (Tc) of D. antarctica was comparable with other higher plants (c. 47°C), and increases of Tc with air temperature were greater in high irradiance plants. Increased Tc was not associated with accumulation of osmotica or zeaxanthin formation. High irradiance increased the xanthophyll cycle pigment pool (V+A+Z, 91 v. 48 mmol mol-1 chlorophyll-1), de-epoxidation state (56% v. 4%), and α-tocopherol. Temperature increase to 35°C had no effect on V+A+Z and de-epoxidation state in both light regimes, while lutein, β-carotene and α-tocopherols increased, potentially contributing to increased membrane stability under high irradiance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Volkova
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
| | - Michael Tausz
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
| | - Lauren T Bennett
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
| | - Erwin Dreyer
- Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Vic. 3363, Australia
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M. Dearden F, A. Wardle D. The potential for forest canopy litterfall interception by a dense fern understorey, and the consequences for litter decomposition. OIKOS 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2007.0030-1299.16136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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