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Rocha AS, Andrade ARA, Moleiro ML, Guedes-Martins L. Doppler Ultrasound of the Umbilical Artery: Clinical Application. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:519-531. [PMID: 35405757 PMCID: PMC9948152 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a survey of relevant literature on umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound use in clinical practice, technical considerations and limitations, and future perspectives. METHODS Literature searches were conducted in PubMed and Medline, restricted to articles written in English. Additionally, the references of all analyzed studies were searched to obtain necessary information. RESULTS The use of this technique as a routine surveillance method is only recommended for high-risk pregnancies with impaired placentation. Meta-analyses of randomized trials have established that obstetric management guided by umbilical artery Doppler findings can improve perinatal mortality and morbidity. The values of the indices of Umbilical artery Doppler decrease with advancing gestational age; however, a lack of consensus on reference ranges prevails. CONCLUSION Important clinical decisions are based on the information obtained with umbilical artery Doppler ultrasound. Future efforts in research are imperative to overcome the current limitations of the technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sá Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rosa Araújo Andrade
- Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Lúcia Moleiro
- Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Guedes-Martins
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto EPE, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, Unidade de Investigação e Formação, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kumar Vikraman S, Balakrishnan B, Batra M, Sreeja PS, Swapneel NP, Gopinathan KK. Cardinal Clues Conducive to the Diagnosis of Fetal Absent Pulmonary and Aortic Valves in the First Trimester: A Case Report. JOURNAL OF FETAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40556-018-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tenkumo C, Tanaka H, Ito M, Uketa E, Mori N, Hanaoka U, Kanenishi K, Ando M, Hata T. Three-dimensional HDlive rendering images of the TRAP sequence in the first trimester: reverse end-diastolic umbilical artery velocity in a pump twin with an adverse pregnancy outcome. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2012; 40:293-6. [PMID: 27277253 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-012-0416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tenkumo
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanaka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Megumi Ito
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Emiko Uketa
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Mori
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Uiko Hanaoka
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanenishi
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ando
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ando Ladies Clinic, 1524-14 Tahishimomachi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-8075, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Hata
- Department of Perinatology and Gynecology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
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Berg C, Thomsen Y, Geipel A, Germer U, Gembruch U. Reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery at 10-14 weeks of gestation is associated with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2007; 30:254-8. [PMID: 17721913 DOI: 10.1002/uog.4098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of reversed end-diastolic flow (REDF) in the umbilical artery in high-risk first-trimester pregnancies and evaluate associated conditions. METHODS This was a prospective evaluation of the umbilical artery Doppler waveforms of 614 consecutive high-risk pregnancies between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation, to determine those with REDF. The associated anomalies and characteristics of these fetuses were then investigated. RESULTS In 278/614 (45.3%) fetuses, there was positive end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery; in 331/614 (53.9%) end-diastolic flow was absent and in 5/614 (0.8%) there was REDF. Three of the five fetuses with REDF had tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) and a patent ductus arteriosus, and all three showed signs of cardiac failure, with reversed blood flow in the ductus venosus during atrial systole and generalized skin edema. Another fetus had a large ventricular septal defect and the remaining fetus had agenesis of the ductus venosus. Three fetuses had trisomy 18 and one had trisomy 13. CONCLUSIONS REDF in the umbilical artery is very rare in early pregnancy and mostly occurs in association with major fetal vascular anomalies and cardiac defects, particularly TOF with APVS and patent arterial duct. We propose that the patency of the arterial duct in TOF with APVS leads to heart failure with subsequent demise early in pregnancy. Therefore, the frequent absence of the arterial duct observed in APVS in later pregnancy is more likely to be a result of early selection than a prerequisite for the development of this lesion as has been proposed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berg
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University of Bonn, Germany.
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Bellver J, Lara C, Rossal LP, Remohí J, Pellicer A, Serra V. First-trimester reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery is not always an ominous sign. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2003; 22:652-655. [PMID: 14689543 DOI: 10.1002/uog.922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report five cases of first-trimester reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. Diagnoses were performed between 8 and 12 gestational weeks. All but one case appeared as a transient early finding. Second-trimester fetal demise occurred in two cases. One case delivered at 32 weeks with severe growth restriction but recovered well. The other two cases had a good pregnancy outcome. Our experience suggests that this early Doppler finding is not always an ominous sign.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bellver
- Unidad de Medicina Materno-Fetal, Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad, Valencia, Spain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Divon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lenox-Hill Hospital, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Borrell A, Martinez JM, Farre MT, Azulay M, Cararach V, Fortuny A. Reversed end-diastolic flow in first-trimester umbilical artery: an ominous new sign for fetal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 185:204-7. [PMID: 11483929 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the fetal outcome of first-trimester pregnancies with reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. STUDY DESIGN Doppler studies in the umbilical artery were carried out in 2970 consecutive pregnancies scanned at 10 to 14 weeks. RESULTS We observed 11 (0.4%) cases of reversed end-diastolic flow. Of these, an autosomal trisomy was shown in 7 and a congenital heart defect in 2 additional fetuses. Fetal demise was observed in 5 pregnancies, neonatal death was observed in 1, and termination of pregnancy was carried out in 4. Only 1 fetus survived. CONCLUSIONS Reversed end-diastolic flow in first-trimester umbilical artery signals an ominous prognosis even with normal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Borrell
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), University of Barcelona Medical School, Villaroel 170, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
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Weissman A, Drugan A. Sonographic findings of the umbilical cord: implications for the risk of fetal chromosomal anomalies. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2001; 17:536-541. [PMID: 11422981 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2001.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this review we summarize current knowledge on sonographic findings of the umbilical cord and the risk they impose for chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus. A Medline search of the literature was performed and the pertinent English-language literature was reviewed. Anatomical and Doppler abnormalities of the umbilical cord may be associated with an increased risk of chromosomal aberrations in the fetus. Therefore, level II prenatal sonography should also include a careful examination of the umbilical cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Weissman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
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REVERSED DIASTOLIC UMBILICAL ARTERY FLOW IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER ASSOCIATED WITH CHROMOSOMAL FETAL ABNORMALITIES OR CARDIAC DEFECTS. Obstet Gynecol 2000. [DOI: 10.1097/00006250-200006001-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Diagnostic ultrasound has been used for many years with a remarkable history of safety during the standard clinical practice. Introduction of color and pulsed Doppler modes resulted with higher levels of transmitted and absorbed ultrasonic energy. This fact raised the question for the safety of its use in early pregnancy. This article presents the pros and contras regarding the safety and summarized actual guidelines and safety limits suggested and prescribed by several instances that supervise the use of ultrasound in medicine (WFUMB, ECMUS, ECURS, AIUM/NEMA). In addition, different clinical and experimental applications of Doppler ultrasound in early pregnancy are discussed regarding the safety limits. Generally, there are no strictly defined limits for the use of Doppler ultrasound in the early pregnancy. However, there is an unequivocal demand for carefulness that is best expressed by the ALARA principle. The prudent use of Doppler takes into account benefits against the possible theoretical risks, rather than prohibiting clinically useful technology or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurjak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School University of Zagreb, Sveti Duh Hospital, Croatia
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