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Yang B, Wang M, Tong X, Ankawi G, Sun L, Yang H. Experimental models in peritoneal dialysis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:240. [PMID: 33603848 PMCID: PMC7851610 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the most commonly used dialysis methods and plays an important role in maintaining the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, long-term PD treatment is associated with adverse effects on the structure and function of peritoneal tissue, which may lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure, resulting in dialysis failure and eventually PD withdrawal. In order to prevent the occurrence of these effects, the important issues that need to be tackled are improvement of ultrafiltration, protection of peritoneal function and extension of dialysis time. In basic PD research, a reasonable experimental model is key to the smooth progress of experiments. A good PD model should not only simulate the process of human PD as accurately as possible, but also help researchers to understand the evolution process and pathogenesis of various complications related to PD treatment. To better promote the clinical application of PD technology, the present review will summarize and evaluate the in vivo PD experimental models available, thus providing a reference for relevant PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuyang Fourth People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Tong
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Ghada Ankawi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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Tak Mao C, Yung S. Studying the Effects of New Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Peritoneum. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080702702s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
♦ Background Compelling data underscore the bioincompatible nature of glucose-based peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions and their detrimental effects on peritoneal physiology and morphology. New PD solutions have been formulated to tackle common clinical problems such as inadequate ultrafiltration or malnutrition, and to improve biocompatibility—the latter aimed at preserving the structural and functional integrity of the peritoneum and reducing adverse systemic effects on the patient. ♦ Methods This article reviews the factors in PD fluids that alter normal peritoneal anatomy and physiology, and the data that illustrate approaches to investigating the local and systemic biocompatibility of new PD solutions. ♦ Results Chronic exposure of the peritoneal membrane to glucose-based PD solutions results in denudation of the mesothelium, thickened submesothelium, and hyalinization of the vasculature, often resulting in reduced or lost solute and water clearance. Data from in vitro or animal experiments and clinical studies have shown improved bio-compatibility profiles with new PD solutions that are glucose-free (that is, dialysates with amino acids or icodextrin), bicarbonate-buffered, or compartmentalized during heat sterilization to reduce levels of glucose degradation products. Improved biocompatibility is denoted by reduced induction of proinflammatory, profibrotic, or angiogenic growth factors in mesothelial cells and macrophages, or by less perturbation of leukocyte phagocytic function. ♦ Conclusions Data from in vitro and animal experiments show more favorable biocompatibility profiles with new PD fluids than with glucose-based dialysates. Clinical studies are ongoing to assess the impact of the new PD fluids on peritoneal function, morbidity, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Tak Mao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
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Kawaguchi Y, Saito A, Kawanishi H, Nakayama M, Miyazaki M, Nakamoto H, Tranæus A. Recommendations on the Management of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in Japan, 2005: Diagnosis, Predictive Markers, Treatment, and Preventive Measures. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502504s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive update on the management of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis incorporates insights gained from recently published findings and the accumulated experience of the authors. Aspects covered include diagnosis, risk factors and predictive markers, treatment, and prevention, including criteria for withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshindo Kawaguchi
- Division of Kidney and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Akira Saito
- Division of Nephrology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa
| | | | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo
| | - Masanobu Miyazaki
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki
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Zareie M, van Lambalgen AA, Ter Wee PM, Hekking LH, Keuning ED, Schadee–Eestermans IL, Faict D, Degréve B, Tangelder GJ, Beelen RH, van den Born J. Better Preservation of the Peritoneum in Rats Exposed to Amino Acid-Based Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080502500112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) show impaired biocompatibility, which is related partly to their high glucose content, presence of glucose degradation products, low pH, and lactate buffer, or a combination of these factors. In a rat chronic peritoneal exposure model, we compared effects of an amino acid-based PDF (AA-PDF) with a glucose-containing PDF on the peritoneal microcirculation and morphology. Method Two groups of rats received 10 mL of either fluid daily for 5 weeks via peritoneal catheters connected to implanted subcutaneous mini vascular access ports. Leukocyte–endothelium interactions in the mesenteric venules were investigated by intravital microscopy. Quantification of angiogenesis and fibrosis and inspection of the mesothelial cell layer were performed by light and electron microscopy. Results Daily exposure to glucose-containing PDF resulted in a significant increase in the number of rolling leukocytes in mesenteric venules, whereas instillation of AA-PDF did not change the level of leukocyte rolling. Glucose-containing PDF evoked a significantly higher number of milky spots in the omentum, whereas this response was significantly reduced in animals exposed to the AA-PDF ( p < 0.02). Chronic instillation of glucose-containing PDF induced angiogenesis in various peritoneal tissues, accompanied by fibrosis in the mesentery and parietal peritoneum. Quantitative morphometric evaluation of omentum and mesentery showed a clear trend toward less angiogenesis after treatment with the AA-PDF compared to the glucose-containing PDF, which reached statistical significance in the parietal peritoneum ( p < 0.04). Instillation of AA-PDF resulted in approximately 50% reduction of fibrosis in the mesentery ( p < 0.04) and approximately 25% reduction in the parietal peritoneum ( p < 0.009) compared to glucose-containing PDF. Glucose-containing PDF damaged the mesothelial cell layer, whereas the mesothelium was intact after AA-PDF treatment, as evidenced by electron microscopy. Conclusion Our data in a rat chronic peritoneal exposure model clearly demonstrate reduced immune activation (evidenced by decreased number of rolling leukocytes and decreased induction of omental milky spots) and reduced neoangiogenesis, fibrosis, and mesothelial damage of the peritoneal membrane after treatment with AA-PDF compared to glucose-containing PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zareie
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Piet M. Ter Wee
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth H.P. Hekking
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco D. Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Geert-Jan Tangelder
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H.J. Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Westrhenen R, Westra WM, van den Born J, Krediet RT, Keuning ED, Hiralall J, Dragt C, Hekking LH. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin and Albumin are Useful Serum Proteins to Detect Subclinical Peritonitis in the Rat. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn experimental peritoneal dialysis (PD) studies, the occurrence of peritonitis is a confounder in the interpretation of effects of chronic peritoneal exposure to dialysis solutions. Since fluid cannot be drained in most experimental PD models in the rat, it is impossible to diagnose peritonitis based on dialysate white blood cell counts. To study the value of serum markers for the presence of peritonitis, alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M) and albumin were measured in rats with and without peritonitis after chronic exposure to dialysis solutions. To further investigate the time course of these markers in relation to the severity of peritonitis, nondialyzed rats were challenged with increasing numbers of bacteria and followed for 28 days.MethodsIn the first study, α2M and albumin were measured in rats exposed to glucose/lactate-based dialysis fluid before sacrifice. A comparison was made between animals with peritonitis, as judged from the presence of extensive infiltrates after sacrifice (gold standard) and/or clinical signs of peritonitis, or absence of peritonitis and infiltrates. In the second study, rats were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with 3 different concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, and serum α2M and albumin were measured at various time points.ResultsIn the first study, serum α2M was higher and serum albumin was lower in animals with peritonitis compared to animals without peritonitis (both p < 0.05). In the second study, induction of α2M was clearly dependent on the inoculum concentration. Peak values of α2M were found at days 1 and 3. At all time points after inoculation, α2M was higher in all injected groups compared to the control group. Serum albumin values decreased in the highest inoculum group and remained decreased until 28 days after IP injection. Despite a low sensitivity, serum α2M >40 mg/L and albumin <32 g/L had a specificity of 100% for peritonitis.ConclusionsMeasurement of α2M and albumin once per month is an additional tool in the diagnosis of silent peritonitis in the chronic peritoneal exposure model in the rat. Levels of α2M >40 mg/L and albumin <32 g/L are strong indicators for peritonitis. However, normal values do not exclude infectious peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wytske M. Westra
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Raymond T. Krediet
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Eelco D. Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Johan Hiralall
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cindy Dragt
- Department of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam
| | - Liesbeth H.P. Hekking
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Van Biesen W, Vanholder R, Lameire N. Animal Models in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Story of Kangaroos and Ostriches. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Biesen
- Renal Division Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Renal Division Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Ghent Ghent, Belgium
| | - Norbert Lameire
- Renal Division Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Ghent Ghent, Belgium
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Choi J, Credit K, Henderson K, Deverkadra R, Vanpelt HM, He Z, Flessner MF. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in an Animal Model of Chronic Peritoneal Exposure. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Acute infection in an animal model of chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) induces structural changes in the peritoneum and alters functional characteristics of transport. These changes may compromise observations of the chronic effects of dialysis solutions. To test the hypothesis that antibiotics would prevent acute infection without affecting transport and structural properties, we characterized the frequency of infection in our rat model of PD and examined whether the inclusion of antibiotics in the dialysis solution altered the transport and structural properties of the peritoneum. Design Female Sprague–Dawley rats were aseptically injected daily under gas anesthesia with 30 – 40 mL of a sterile solution for 2 months via a peritoneal catheter tunneled to a subcutaneous port. Solutions used were Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) alone, KRB with antibiotics (cefazolin 200 mg/L and gentamicin 2 mg/L), KRB with 4% glucose, and KRB with both glucose and antibiotics. After 2 months, osmotic filtration and solute transport were assessed in each animal and peritoneal fluid was collected for bacterial culture. Angiogenesis was evaluated by quantitative image analysis of tissue sections stained with CD31. Tissue content of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan was determined. Results Technique survival (successful PD for 2 months) and infection rate were comparable among all treated groups. There were no differences between the groups in transport properties. Structural changes were comparable between groups, with or without antibiotics. Conclusions Addition of antibiotics to the dialysis solution did not affect the transport characteristics of the peritoneum or the pathologic reaction of the tissue to the PD solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehwa Choi
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Kimberly Credit
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Karla Henderson
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Ravi Deverkadra
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather M. Vanpelt
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Zhi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael F. Flessner
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Mittelmaier S, Niwa T, Pischetsrieder M. Chemical and physiological relevance of glucose degradation products in peritoneal dialysis. J Ren Nutr 2012; 22:181-5. [PMID: 22200439 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and vascular sclerosis are main complications that limit the long-term application of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Low biocompatibility has been largely attributed to the presence of glucose degradation products (GDPs), which are formed during the heat sterilization of PD fluids. GDPs readily modify proteins in the peritoneum, leading to a decline of their biological function. After absorption, GDPs can also promote systemic protein glycation. Additionally, GDPs may augment DNA glycation, a process enhanced in uremia. Apart from their glycating activity, GDPs induce cytotoxicity and interfere with cell signaling in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Targeted screening revealed the nature of the 6 major GDPs with α-dicarbonyl structure as 3-deoxyglucosone, 3-deoxygalactosone, glucosone, glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3,4-dideoxyglucosone-3-ene. Valid quantification of these GDPs was achieved by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/tandem mass spectrometry. Identification and quantification of single GDPs allow a structure-dependent risk evaluation. As a consequence, PD fluids and processes can be improved to reduce the GDP burden of patients undergoing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mittelmaier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Bakry AS, Tamura Y, Otsuki M, Kasugai S, Ohya K, Tagami J. Cytotoxicity of 45S5 bioglass paste used for dentine hypersensitivity treatment. J Dent 2011; 39:599-603. [PMID: 21726598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 45S5 bioglass mixed with 50% phosphoric acid has been suggested to treat dentine hypersensitivity and incipient enamel caries. This study is going to evaluate the biocompatibility of using the aforementioned technique with the rat pulpal cells. METHODS The relative cytotoxicity of 45S5 bioglass on rat dental pulp cells was compared to the cytotoxicity of a temporary filling material (Caviton; GC, Japan), Type 1 glass ionomer cement (Fuji I; GC, Tokyo, Japan) and commercial desensitising agent (SuperSeal; Phoenix Dental, Fenton, MI, USA) using a transwell insert model. Cell viability was measured by means of a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The number of viable cell counts were compared using one way ANOVA (p<0.05). The morphological alterations of the pulp cells were observed directly by phase contrast microscope. RESULTS The results of this study indicated that cell viability recorded by the 45S5 bioglass paste group did not differ significantly from those of the Caviton, glass ionomer or superseal, moreover pulpal cells microscopic analysis revealed that 45S5 bioglass elicited minimal toxic effect. CONCLUSIONS 45S5 bioglass paste can serve as a biocompatible material that can potentially be used safely on dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Samir Bakry
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry Department, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Schilte MN, Fabbrini P, Wee PMT, Keuning ED, Zareie M, Tangelder GJ, Van Lambalgen AA, Beelen RHJ, Van Den Born J. Peritoneal dialysis fluid bioincompatibility and new vessel formation promote leukocyte-endothelium interactions in a chronic rat model for peritoneal dialysis. Microcirculation 2010; 17:271-80. [PMID: 20536740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2010.00024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-induced peritonitis leads to dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane. During peritonitis, neutrophils are recruited to the inflammation site by rolling along the endothelium, adhesion, and transmigration through vessel walls. In a rat PD-model, long-term effects of PD-fluids (PDF) on leukocyte-endothelium interactions and neutrophil migration were studied under baseline and inflammatory conditions. Rats received daily conventional-lactate-buffered PDF (Dianeal), bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF (Physioneal) or bicarbonate/lactate buffer (Buffer) during five weeks. Untreated rats served as control. Baseline leukocyte rolling and N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) induced levels of transmigration in the mesentery were evaluated and quantified by intra-vital videomicroscopy and immunohistochemistry. Baseline leukocyte rolling was unaffected by buffer treatment, approximately 2-fold increased after Physioneal and 4-7-fold after Dianeal treatment. After starting fMLP superfusion, transmigrated leukocytes appeared outside the venules firstly after Dianeal treatment (15 minutes), thereafter in Physioneal and Buffer groups (20-22 minutes), and finally in control rats (>25 minutes). Newly formed vessels and total number of transmigrated neutrophils were highest in Dianeal-treated animals, followed by Physioneal and Buffer, and lowest in control rats and correlated for all groups to baseline leukocyte rolling (r = 0.78, P < 0.003). This study indicates that the start of inflammatory neutrophil transmigration is related to PDF bio(in)compatibility, whereas over time neutrophil transmigration is determined by the degree of neo-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot N Schilte
- Departments of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Fujii Y, Yamauchi K, Kokuba Y, Kikuchi T. New peritoneal dialysis model in rats with bilateral nephrectomy. Ren Fail 2009; 31:365-71. [PMID: 19839836 DOI: 10.1080/08860220902835830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) suffer from metabolic and nutritional abnormalities. However, these abnormalities have been not sufficiently investigated. At present, the resolution of these issues in this field has been hindered by the lack of suitable PD models. We attempt to develop a rat model of PD under no constraints and under non-anesthetization to evaluate amino acid solution as suitable nutritional therapy for renal failure. In our model, bilateral nephrectomy rats were dialyzed 6 h per day for three days. The dialysate was infused and removed continually via a metering pump. Under fasting, rats were infused with 5% glucose or amino acid solution for renal failure, and they remained alive. This model can be used to examine bilateral nephrectomy in rats for three or more days. We were also able to determine protein and calorie malnutrition, negative nitrogen balance, abnormalities in the plasma amino acid pattern, and calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Thus, this model has the characteristics of renal failure in humans and may be used to easily examine the metabolic changes due to loss of kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujii
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Kratochwill K, Lechner M, Siehs C, Lederhuber HC, Rehulka P, Endemann M, Kasper DC, Herkner KR, Mayer B, Rizzi A, Aufricht C. Stress responses and conditioning effects in mesothelial cells exposed to peritoneal dialysis fluid. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:1731-47. [PMID: 19231869 DOI: 10.1021/pr800916s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Renal replacement therapy by peritoneal dialysis is frequently complicated by technical failure. Peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) cause injury to the peritoneal mesothelial cell layer due to their cytotoxicity. As only isolated elements of the involved cellular processes have been studied before, we aimed at a global assessment of the mesothelial stress response to PDF. Following single or repeated exposure to PDF or control medium, proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were combined to study effects in mesothelial cells (MeT-5A). Protein expression was assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and significantly altered spots were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and MS2 techniques. The lists of experimentally derived candidate proteins were expanded by a next neighbor approach and analyzed for significantly enriched biological processes. To address the problem of an unknown portion of false positive spots in 2DGE, only proteins showing significant p-values on both levels were further interpreted. Single PDF exposure resulted in reduction of biological processes in favor of reparative responses, including protein metabolism, modification and folding, with chaperones as a major subgroup. The observed biological processes triggered by this acute PDF exposure mainly contained functionally interwoven multitasking proteins contributing as well to cytoskeletal reorganization and defense mechanisms. Repeated PDF exposure resulted in attenuated protein regulation, reflecting inhibition of stress responses by high levels of preinduced chaperones. The identified proteins were less attributable to acute cellular injury but rather to specialized functions with a reduced number of involved multitasking proteins. This finding agrees well with the concept of conditioning effects and cytoprotection. In conclusion, this study describes the reprogrammed proteome of mesothelial cells during recovery from PDF exposure and adaption to repetitive stress. A broad stress response with a number of highly overlapping processes and multitasking proteins shifts toward a more specific response of only few less overlapping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Kratochwill
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Oreopoulos DG, Tzamaloukas AH. Our war against bacteria in peritoneal dialysis, the last 40 years! Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 40:709-14. [PMID: 18443912 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-008-9392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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The new peritoneal dialysis solutions: friends only, or foes in part? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:604-12. [DOI: 10.1038/ncpneph0620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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