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Toh WL, Yolland CO, Li Y, Sommer IE, Rossell S. Multisensory Hallucinatory Experiences in Migraine: A Preliminary Basis for Olfactory, Somatic-Tactile, and Gustatory Auras. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200217. [PMID: 38045728 PMCID: PMC10691754 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Visual auras in migraine have been extensively studied, but less is known about unusual experiences in other sensory domains, including whether they should be diagnostically considered as part of aura symptoms. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of multisensory aura experiences in migraine and their phenomenologic and clinical correlates. Methods Respondents were 729 participants with probable migraine, who completed an online study examining unusual sensory experiences. These comprised aura experiences in the auditory, visual, olfactory, somatic-tactile, and gustatory domains. Basic demographic and clinical information and migraine symptomatology were also collected. To facilitate groupwise comparisons, participants with probable migraine were divided into those with and without (visual) aura experiences. Results Endorsement of visual aura experiences was the highest (42.1%), whether in a single modality (44.2%) or multiple (55.8%) modalities, followed by somatic-tactile (32.0%), gustatory (21.9%), olfactory (18.6%), and auditory (11.0%) domains. Phenomenologic similarities, for instance, in frequency, personification, and controllability, existed across sensory domains. Somatic-tactile and gustatory auras conversely exhibited greater duration and negative emotional valence. Participants with probable migraine with visual aura tended to report significantly more severe migraine symptoms relative to those with nonvisual or no aura. Discussion Our findings provide preliminary indication that unusual olfactory, somatic-tactile, and gustatory experiences in migraine are common and could be clinically significant as aura symptoms. Increased clinician and patient awareness and effective management of these symptoms are essential for a holistic therapeutic approach to migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin Toh
- Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences (WLT, COY, YL, SR), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and University Medical Center Groningen (IES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caitlin O Yolland
- Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences (WLT, COY, YL, SR), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and University Medical Center Groningen (IES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yixuan Li
- Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences (WLT, COY, YL, SR), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and University Medical Center Groningen (IES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iris E Sommer
- Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences (WLT, COY, YL, SR), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and University Medical Center Groningen (IES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health & Brain Sciences (WLT, COY, YL, SR), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and University Medical Center Groningen (IES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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Catharino AMDS, Neves MAO, Nunes NDSM, Nascimento JSF, Nascimento JKF, Martins Jr GC. "Sound attacks": a case report of migraine with hearing aura. HEADACHE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.48208/headachemed.2021.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMigraine with aura is less frequent than the subtype form without aura. Normally, auras are typically manifested visual symptoms, but it is possible to have an auditory and olfactory complains as aura symptomatology.Case reportAn 8-year-old boy with family cases of migraine, complained of auditory hallucination episodes, since he was 5 years-old, with a duration of 10 to 20 minutes, followed by cure with intense photophobia and nausea. He called these episodes as "sound attacks". The frequency of the crises ranges from 4 to 5 episodes per month, with the maximum of 11 episodes in one month.Neurological examination was normal. He performed angio-MRI of skull and EEG, without any changes. Treatment was initiated with 250 mg sodium divalproate at night with reduction of events, already in the first month, for 2 to 3 episodes per month. The medication was adjusted for 500 mg of sodium divalproate with a good result, not presenting new episodes in the last 2 months.ConclusionWe report a case of migraine crises preceded by auditory aura, in a boy of 8 years. This is a rare and extremely interesting presentation of migraine, with great improvement after the prophylactic treatment.
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Bednarczuk NF, Staab JP. An Extreme Presentation of Migraine: Suicidal Ideation as a Migraine Aura. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2020; 61:795-798. [PMID: 32416958 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja F Bednarczuk
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Staab
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Guidi J, Poinso F. L’hallucination auditive isolée chez l’enfant pré-pubère : cadre diagnostique et valeur prédictive. Arch Pediatr 2015; 22:1302-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Miller EE, Grosberg BM, Crystal SC, Robbins MS. Auditory hallucinations associated with migraine: Case series and literature review. Cephalalgia 2014; 35:923-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102414563088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this review is to describe auditory hallucinations (paracusias) associated with migraine attacks to yield insights into their clinical significance and pathogenesis. Background Isolated observations have documented rare associations of migraine with auditory hallucinations. Unlike visual, somatosensory, language, motor, and brainstem symptoms, paracusias with acute headache attacks are not a recognized aura symptom by the International Headache Society, and no systematic review has addressed this association. Methods We retrospectively studied patients experiencing paracusias associated with migraine at our center and in the literature. Results We encountered 12 patients (our center = 5, literature = 7), 58% were female, and 75% had typical migraine aura. Hallucinations most commonly featured voices (58%), 75% experienced them during headache, and the duration was most often <1 hour (67%). No patients described visual aura evolving to paracusias. Most patients (50%) had either a current or previous psychiatric disorder, most commonly depression (67%). The course of headache and paracusias were universally congruent, including improvement with headache prophylaxis (58%). Conclusion Paracusias uncommonly co-occur with migraine and usually feature human voices. Their timing and high prevalence in patients with depression may suggest that paracusias are not necessarily a form of migraine aura, though could be a migraine trait symptom. Alternative mechanisms include perfusion changes in primary auditory cortex, serotonin-related ictal perceptual changes, or a release phenomenon in the setting of phonophobia with avoidance of a noisy environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian M Grosberg
- Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
| | - Sara C Crystal
- New York University Langone Medical Center, Department of Neurology, USA
| | - Matthew S Robbins
- Montefiore Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA
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Arshamian A, Larsson M. Same same but different: the case of olfactory imagery. Front Psychol 2014; 5:34. [PMID: 24550862 PMCID: PMC3909946 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work we present an overview of experimental findings corroborating olfactory imagery observations with the visual and auditory modalities. Overall, the results indicate that imagery of olfactory information share many features with those observed in the primary senses although some major differences are evident. One such difference pertains to the considerable individual differences observed, with the majority being unable to reproduce olfactory information in their mind. Here, we highlight factors that are positively related to an olfactory imagery capacity, such as semantic knowledge, perceptual experience, and olfactory interest that may serve as potential moderators of the large individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artin Arshamian
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Diagnostically, headache is the easy part of migraine. It is the surrounds of migraine--the aura, prodrome and postdrome--that can be most challenging, and confused with other pathologies. This article examines the definition and variants of migraine; alternative diagnoses for which migraine may be mistaken (mimics); conditions that lie between migraine and other diagnoses (borderlands) and the possible presentations of migraine posing as other conditions (chameleons). The focus is on adults, with only passing reference to children. Migraine is more often a chameleon than a mimic; and it is the careful history that usually makes the distinction. Given migraine's prevalence of 10-15%, relatively uncommon features of migraine occur quite often, in comparison with frequent manifestations of less common diseases. Thus, even rare or under-recognised presentations of migraine come into the differential diagnosis of many presentations.
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van der Feltz-Cornelis CM, Biemans H, Timmer J. Hearing voices: does it give your patient a headache? A case of auditory hallucinations as acoustic aura in migraine. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2012; 8:105-11. [PMID: 22536065 PMCID: PMC3333787 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s29300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Auditory hallucinations are generally considered to be a psychotic symptom. However, they do occur without other psychotic symptoms in a substantive number of cases in the general population and can cause a lot of individual distress because of the supposed association with schizophrenia. We describe a case of nonpsychotic auditory hallucinations occurring in the context of migraine. METHOD Case report and literature review. RESULTS A 40-year-old man presented with imperative auditory hallucinations that caused depressive and anxiety symptoms. He reported migraine with visual aura as well which started at the same time as the auditory hallucinations. The auditory hallucinations occurred in the context of nocturnal migraine attacks, preceding them as aura. No psychotic disorder was present. After treatment of the migraine with propranolol 40 mg twice daily, explanation of the etiology of the hallucinations, and mirtazapine 45 mg daily, the migraine subsided and no further hallucinations occurred. The patient recovered. DISCUSSION Visual auras have been described in migraine and occur quite often. Auditory hallucinations as aura in migraine have been described in children without psychosis, but this is the first case describing auditory hallucinations without psychosis as aura in migraine in an adult. For description of this kind of hallucination, DSM-IV lacks an appropriate category. CONCLUSION Psychiatrists should consider migraine with acoustic aura as a possible etiological factor in patients without further psychotic symptoms presenting with auditory hallucinations, and they should ask for headache symptoms when they take the history. Prognosis may be favorable if the migraine is properly treated. Research is needed to explore the pathophysiological mechanism of auditory hallucinations as aura in migraine.
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A dominating imaginary friend, cruelty to animals, social withdrawal, and growth deficiency in a 7-year-old girl with parents with schizophrenia. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2010; 31:S24-9. [PMID: 20414069 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0b013e3181d831a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tessa is a 7-year-old girl with odd behaviors, worsening over the preceding year. She spends a significant amount of time alone in her room, talking to "Richard." Her father observed that Tessa is "in her own world." In school, she often glares at the teacher and refuses to work. She is alone at recess without any real friends. Her father reports that she eats little and only after he tastes the food. She is increasingly cruel to both real and toy animals. She tied a string around her cat's neck and swung it around, saying she wanted to punish it. She was heard to say to her stuffed cat, "Die, b ... .; die." Richard told her to do this and other "bad" things. Tessa has not had chronic health problems or developmental concerns. During the first 18 months of life, her height was between the 5th and 10th percentiles; it declined to below the 3rd percentile over the past 2 years. Weight has been consistently between the 3rd and 5th percentiles. Tessa's parents both have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. There are at least 7 first- and second-degree relatives with the same diagnosis. Both parents cared for Tessa for 4 years with a lot of support. Then, her father left the home, but he was in contact with her while managing his own illness. When the mother's illness and compliance worsened, Tessa was removed for neglect at 5 (1/2) years old. Two foster homes preceded Dad's award of sole custody 13 months ago. Mother's weekly visitations are quite upsetting to Tessa. Tessa is a verbal, solemn, small, well-dressed girl with no physical abnormalities. She talks with advanced vocabulary and syntax, with normal prosody and good conversational skills. She says Richard is a bad boy who gets her into trouble at school. She equivocates when asked if he is real or imagined or if others can see him. She says that she misses her mother.
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Firat Y, Ozturan O, Bicak U, Yakinci C, Akarcay M. Auditory brainstem response in pediatric migraine: during the attack and asymptomatic period. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2006; 70:1431-8. [PMID: 16574252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2006.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2005] [Revised: 02/16/2006] [Accepted: 02/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the hearing parameters of children with migraine during ictal and interictal period. METHOD 16 pediatric patients with migraine and normal otolaryngologic examination were evaluated. Hearing parameters were assessed with auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing between and during the migraine attacks. Binaural absolute latencies of waves I, III and V, interpeak latencies I-III, III-V and I-V of ABR in response to 80 dB nHL clicks were calculated. Initial findings were compared with those of 20 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Peak latencies of wave V and interpeak latencies of I-V were prolonged during the attack in migraineurs on the left. The side of latency elongation was not affected by the side of headache. When these parameters were separately compared for gender, they were prolonged in boys during the attack in migraineurs; however in girls, while there was statistically significant difference at interpeak latencies of I-V, no significant difference was noted at peak latencies of wave V. CONCLUSIONS ABR waves did not exceed clinical norms in migraine patients in headache-free period. But, important effects on sensorineural hearing parameters were detected during the attack. Our results indicated a transient impairment of the auditory brainstem function during the headache in pediatric migraine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezdan Firat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey.
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Shapiro HL, Prince JB, Ireland R, Stein MT. A dominating imaginary friend, cruelty to animals, social withdrawal, and growth deficiency in a 7-year-old girl with parents with schizophrenia. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2006; 27:231-6. [PMID: 16775522 DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200606000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henry L Shapiro
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
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Piovesan EJ, Kowacs PA, Werneck LC, Siow C. Oscillucusis and sudden deafness in a migraine patient. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2003; 61:848-50. [PMID: 14595494 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2003000500026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex disease that includes neurologic, gastrointestinal and autonomic symptoms, although headache is most common feature. In a portion of cases headache is preceded by focal neurologic symptoms termed auras. Auditory symptoms only rarely occur as part of an aura. We describe a patient whose 13-year migraine history that included the abnormal perception an oscillation of the intensity of ambient sounds (oscillucusis). During a migraine attack immediately after oscillucusis, the patient developed acute and permanent sudden deafness. Clinical and neurologic examinations revealed only profound hearing loss in her left ear. Audiometric testing confirmed the sensorineural nature of the hearing loss. The clinical aspects and physiopathology of auditory symptoms in this case and in patients with migraine is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcio Juliato Piovesan
- Departamento de Clinica Médica, Hospital de Clinicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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