1
|
Žukauskaitė G, Domarkienė I, Rančelis T, Kavaliauskienė I, Baronas K, Kučinskas V, Ambrozaitytė L. Putative protective genomic variation in the Lithuanian population. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230030. [PMID: 38626572 PMCID: PMC11021042 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic effect variants associated with survival and protection against complex diseases vary between populations due to microevolutionary processes. The aim of this study was to analyse diversity and distribution of effect variants in a context of potential positive selection. In total, 475 individuals of Lithuanian origin were genotyped using high-throughput scanning and/or sequencing technologies. Allele frequency analysis for the pre-selected effect variants was performed using the catalogue of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Comparison of the pre-selected effect variants with variants in primate species was carried out to ascertain which allele was derived and potentially of protective nature. Recent positive selection analysis was performed to verify this protective effect. Four variants having significantly different frequencies compared to European populations were identified while two other variants reached borderline significance. Effect variant in SLC30A8 gene may potentially protect against type 2 diabetes. The existing paradox of high rates of type 2 diabetes in the Lithuanian population and the relatively high frequencies of potentially protective genome variants against it indicate a lack of knowledge about the interactions between environmental factors, regulatory regions, and other genome variation. Identification of effect variants is a step towards better understanding of the microevolutionary processes, etiopathogenetic mechanisms, and personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Žukauskaitė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Domarkienė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tautvydas Rančelis
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Kavaliauskienė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Baronas
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Žukauskaitė G, Domarkienė I, Matulevičienė A, Dauengauer-Kirlienė S, Kučinskas V, Ambrozaitytė L. Identifying Genomic Signatures of Positive Selection to Predict Protective Genomic Loci in the Cohort of Lithuanian Clean-Up Workers of the Chornobyl Nuclear Disaster. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2972-2983. [PMID: 37185719 PMCID: PMC10137185 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some people resist or recover from health challenges better than others. We studied Lithuanian clean-up workers of the Chornobyl nuclear disaster (LCWC) who worked in the harshest conditions and, despite high ionising radiation doses as well as other factors, continue ageing relatively healthily. Thus, we hypothesised that there might be individual features encoded by the genome which act protectively for better adaptiveness and health that depend on unique positive selection signatures. Whole-genome sequencing was performed for 40 LCWC and a control group composed of 25 men from the general Lithuanian population (LTU). Selective sweep analysis was performed to identify genomic regions which may be under recent positive selection and determine better adaptiveness. Twenty-two autosomal loci with the highest positive selection signature values were identified. Most important, unique loci under positive selection have been identified in the genomes of the LCWC, which may influence the survival and adaptive qualities to extreme conditions, and the disaster itself. Characterising these loci provide a better understanding of the interaction between ongoing microevolutionary processes, multifactorial traits, and diseases. Studying unique groups of disease-resistant individuals could help create new insights for better, more individualised, disease diagnostics and prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielė Žukauskaitė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ingrida Domarkienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aušra Matulevičienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Svetlana Dauengauer-Kirlienė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto Str. 3, LT01513 Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kristjansson D, Schurr TG, Bohlin J, Jugessur A. Phylogeographic history of mitochondrial haplogroup J in Scandinavia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 180:298-315. [PMID: 36790764 PMCID: PMC10100211 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup J is the third most frequent haplogroup in modern-day Scandinavia, although it did not originate there. To infer the genetic history of haplogroup J in Scandinavia, we examined worldwide mitogenome sequences using a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic approach. METHODS Haplogroup J mitogenome sequences were gathered from GenBank (n = 2245) and aligned against the ancestral Reconstructed Sapiens Reference Sequence. We also analyzed haplogroup J Viking Age sequences from the European Nucleotide Archive (n = 54). Genetic distances were estimated from these data and projected onto a maximum likelihood rooted phylogenetic tree to analyze clustering and branching dates. RESULTS Haplogroup J originated approximately 42.6 kya (95% CI: 30.0-64.7), with several of its earliest branches being found within the Arabian Peninsula and Northern Africa. J1b was found most frequently in the Near East and Arabian Peninsula, while J1c occurred most frequently in Europe. Based on phylogenetic dating, subhaplogroup J1c has its early roots in the Mediterranean and Western Balkans. Otherwise, the majority of the branches found in Scandinavia are younger than those seen elsewhere, indicating that haplogroup J dispersed relatively recently into Northern Europe, most plausibly with Neolithic farmers. CONCLUSIONS Haplogroup J appeared when Scandinavia was transitioning to agriculture over 6 kya, with J1c being the most common lineage there today. Changes in the distribution of haplogroup J mtDNAs were likely driven by the expansion of farming from West Asia into Southern Europe, followed by a later expansion into Scandinavia, with other J subhaplogroups appearing among Scandinavian groups as early as the Viking Age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Kristjansson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center of Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon Bohlin
- Center of Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Method Development and Analytics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Center of Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Domarkienė I, Mažeikienė A, Petrauskaitė G, Kučinskienė ZA, Kučinskas V. New associations of serum β-carotene, lycopene, and zeaxanthin concentrations with NR1H3, APOB, RDH12, AND CYP genes. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:763-771. [PMID: 35282004 PMCID: PMC8907718 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in carotenoid bioavailability at individual and population levels might depend on host-related factors where genetic variation has a part to play. It manifests itself through the proteins involved in carotenoid intestinal absorption and metabolism, blood lipoprotein transport, or tissue uptake. This study aims to identify novel SNPs which could be associated with carotenoid serum concentrations. A total of 265 self-reported healthy individuals of Lithuanian origin were genotyped (Illumina HumanOmniExpress-12v1.0 or v1.1 and Infinium OmniExpress-24v1.2 arrays) and fasting blood serum concentrations of β- and α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were measured (Shimadzu Prominence HPLC system). According to the individual carotenoid concentrations, the cohort was subdivided into quartiles. Q1 and Q4 were used for the following association analysis. The set of 2883 SNPs in 109 potential candidate genes (assumed for a direct or indirect role in carotenoid bioavailability) was analyzed. Liver X receptor alpha (NR1H3) "transport" polymorphisms rs2279238 (p = 2.129 × 10-5) and rs11039155 (p = 2.984 × 10-5), and apolipoprotein B (APOB) "transport" polymorphism rs550619 (p = 4.844 × 10-5) were associated with higher zeaxanthin concentration. Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) "functional partner" polymorphism rs756473 (p = 7.422 × 10-5) was associated with higher lycopene concentration. Twenty-one cytochrome P450 (CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) "metabolism" polymorphisms in locus 10q23.33 were significantly associated with higher β-carotene concentration. To conclude, four novel genomic loci were found to be associated with carotenoid serum levels. Zeaxanthin, lycopene, and β-carotene serum concentrations might depend on genetic variation in NR1H3, APOB, RDH12 and CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19 genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Domarkienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Asta Mažeikienė
- Department of PhysiologyBiochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Guostė Petrauskaitė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Zita Aušrelė Kučinskienė
- Department of PhysiologyBiochemistry, Microbiology and Laboratory MedicineFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsFaculty of MedicineInstitute of Biomedical SciencesVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Urnikyte A, Molyte A, Kučinskas V. Genome-Wide Landscape of North-Eastern European Populations: A View from Lithuania. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111730. [PMID: 34828336 PMCID: PMC8623362 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There are still several unanswered questions regarding about ancient events in the Lithuanian population. The Lithuanians, as the subject of this study, are of great interest as they represent a partially isolated population maintaining an ancient genetic composition and show genetic uniqueness in European comparisons. To elucidate the genetic relationships between the Lithuania and North-Eastern European and West Siberian populations, we analyzed the population structure, effective population size, and recent positive selection from genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We identified the close genetic proximity of Lithuanians to neighboring populations (Latvians, Estonians, Belarusians) and in part with West and South Slavs (Poles, Slovaks, and Slovenians), however, with particular genetic distinctiveness. The estimated long-term Ne values ranged from ~5900 in the Estonian population to ~2400 in the South Russian population. The divergence times between the Lithuanian and study populations ranged from 240 to 12,871 YBP. We also found evidence of selection in 24 regions, 21 of which have not been discovered in previous analyses of selection. Undoubtedly, the genetic diversity analysis of geographically specific regions may provide new insights into microevolutionary processes affecting local human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Urnikyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškiu St. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +370-698-55292
| | - Alma Molyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškiu St. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.K.)
- Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Fundamentals Sciences, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulėtekio Al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariškiu St. 2, LT-08661 Vilnius, Lithuania; (A.M.); (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kavaliauskienė I, Domarkienė I, Ambrozaitytė L, Barauskienė L, Meškienė R, Arasimavičius J, Irnius A, Kučinskas V. Association study of taste preference: Analysis in the Lithuanian population. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4310-4321. [PMID: 34401081 PMCID: PMC8358374 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste has strong evolutionary basis in the sense of survival by influencing our behavior to obtain food/medicine or avoid poisoning. It is a complex trait and varies among individuals and distinct populations. We aimed to investigate the association between known genetic factors (673 SNPs) and taste preference in the Lithuanian population, as well as to determine a reasonable method for qualitative evaluation of a specific taste phenotype for further genetic analysis. Study group included individuals representing six ethnolinguistic regions of Lithuania. Case and control groups for each taste were determined according to the answers selected to the taste-specific and frequency of specific food consumption questions. Sample sizes (case/control) for each taste are as follows: sweetness (55/179), bitterness (82/208), sourness (32/259), saltiness (42/249), and umami (96/190). Genotypes were extracted from the Illumina HumanOmniExpress-12v1.1 arrays' genotyping data. Analysis was performed using PLINK v1.9. We found associations between the main known genetic factors and four taste preferences in the Lithuanian population: sweetness-genes TAS1R3, TAS1R2, and GNAT3 (three SNPs); bitterness-genes CA6 and TAS2R38 (six SNPs); sourness-genes PKD2L1, ACCN2, PKD1L3, and ACCN1 (48 SNPs); and saltiness-genes SCNN1B and TRPV1 (five SNPs). We found our questionnaire as a beneficial aid for qualitative evaluation of taste preference. This was the first initiative to analyze genetic factors related to taste preference in the Lithuanian population. Besides, this study reproduces, supports, and complements results of previous limited taste genetic studies or ones that lack comprehensive results concerning distinct (ethnic) human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrida Kavaliauskienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Ingrida Domarkienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Laima Ambrozaitytė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Lina Barauskienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Raimonda Meškienė
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Justas Arasimavičius
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Algimantas Irnius
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Vaidutis Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical GeneticsInstitute of Biomedical ScienceFaculty of MedicineVilnius UniversityVilniusLithuania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grochowalski Ł, Jarczak J, Urbanowicz M, Słomka M, Szargut M, Borówka P, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Marciniak B, Ossowski A, Lorkiewicz W, Strapagiel D. Y-Chromosome Genetic Analysis of Modern Polish Population. Front Genet 2020; 11:567309. [PMID: 33193657 PMCID: PMC7644898 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.567309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study presents a full analysis of the Y-chromosome variability of the modern male Polish population. It is the first study of the Polish population to be conducted with such a large set of data (2,705 individuals), which includes genetic information from inhabitants of all voivodeships, i.e., the first administrative level, in the country and the vast majority of its counties, i.e., the second level. In addition, the available data were divided into clusters corresponding to more natural geographic regions. Genetic analysis included the estimation of FST distances, the visualization with the use of multidimensional scaling plots and analysis of molecular variance. Y-chromosome binary haplogroups were classified and visualized with the use of interpolation maps. Results showed that the level of differentiation within Polish population is quite low, but some differences were indicated. It was confirmed that the Polish population is characterized by a high degree of homogeneity, with only slight genetic differences being observed at the regional level. The use of regional clustering as an alternative to counties and voivodeships provided a more detailed view of the genetic structure of the population. Those regional differences identified in the present study highlighted the need for additional division of the population by cultural and ethnic criteria in such studies rather than just by geographical or administrative regionalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Grochowalski
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Justyna Jarczak
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Urbanowicz
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, Łódź, Poland
| | - Maria Szargut
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,The Polish Genetic Database of Totalitarianism Victims, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paulina Borówka
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, Łódź, Poland
| | - Błażej Marciniak
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ossowski
- Department of Forensic Genetics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland.,The Polish Genetic Database of Totalitarianism Victims, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland.,BBMRI.pl Consortium, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Urnikyte A, Flores-Bello A, Mondal M, Molyte A, Comas D, Calafell F, Bosch E, Kučinskas V. Patterns of genetic structure and adaptive positive selection in the Lithuanian population from high-density SNP data. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9163. [PMID: 31235771 PMCID: PMC6591479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of geographically specific regions and the characterization of fine-scale patterns of genetic diversity may facilitate a much better understanding of the microevolutionary processes affecting local human populations. Here we generated genome-wide high-density SNP genotype data in 425 individuals from six geographical regions in Lithuania and combined our dataset with available ancient and modern data to explore genetic population structure, ancestry components and signatures of natural positive selection in the Lithuanian population. Our results show that Lithuanians are a homogenous population, genetically differentiated from neighbouring populations but within the general expected European context. Moreover, we not only confirm that Lithuanians preserve one of the highest proportions of western, Scandinavian and eastern hunter-gather ancestry components found in European populations but also that of an steppe Early to Middle Bronze Age pastoralists, which together configure the genetic distinctiveness of the Lithuanian population. Finally, among the top signatures of positive selection detected in Lithuanians, we identified several candidate genes related with diet (PNLIP, PPARD), pigmentation (SLC24A5, TYRP1 and PPARD) and the immune response (BRD2, HLA-DOA, IL26 and IL22).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Urnikyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Flores-Bello
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Mondal
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - A Molyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Calafell
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E Bosch
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu Street 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Balanovsky O, Gurianov V, Zaporozhchenko V, Balaganskaya O, Urasin V, Zhabagin M, Grugni V, Canada R, Al-Zahery N, Raveane A, Wen SQ, Yan S, Wang X, Zalloua P, Marafi A, Koshel S, Semino O, Tyler-Smith C, Balanovska E. Phylogeography of human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q3-L275 from an academic/citizen science collaboration. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:18. [PMID: 28251872 PMCID: PMC5333174 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Y-chromosome haplogroup Q has three major branches: Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1 is found in both Asia and the Americas where it accounts for about 90% of indigenous Native American Y-chromosomes; Q2 is found in North and Central Asia; but little is known about the third branch, Q3, also named Q1b-L275. Here, we combined the efforts of population geneticists and genetic genealogists to use the potential of full Y-chromosome sequencing for reconstructing haplogroup Q3 phylogeography and suggest possible linkages to events in population history. Results We analyzed 47 fully sequenced Y-chromosomes and reconstructed the haplogroup Q3 phylogenetic tree in detail. Haplogroup Q3-L275, derived from the oldest known split within Eurasian/American haplogroup Q, most likely occurred in West or Central Asia in the Upper Paleolithic period. During the Mesolithic and Neolithic epochs, Q3 remained a minor component of the West Asian Y-chromosome pool and gave rise to five branches (Q3a to Q3e), which spread across West, Central and parts of South Asia. Around 3–4 millennia ago (Bronze Age), the Q3a branch underwent a rapid expansion, splitting into seven branches, some of which entered Europe. One of these branches, Q3a1, was acquired by a population ancestral to Ashkenazi Jews and grew within this population during the 1st millennium AD, reaching up to 5% in present day Ashkenazi. Conclusions This study dataset was generated by a massive Y-chromosome genotyping effort in the genetic genealogy community, and phylogeographic patterns were revealed by a collaboration of population geneticists and genetic genealogists. This positive experience of collaboration between academic and citizen science provides a model for further joint projects. Merging data and skills of academic and citizen science promises to combine, respectively, quality and quantity, generalization and specialization, and achieve a well-balanced and careful interpretation of the paternal-side history of human populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0870-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Balanovsky
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia. .,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Valery Zaporozhchenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Maxat Zhabagin
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Viola Grugni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Al-Zahery
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Raveane
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianpin Wang
- Department of Criminal Investigation, Xuanwei Public Security Bureau, Xuanwei, China
| | | | | | - Sergey Koshel
- Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ornella Semino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chris Tyler-Smith
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Elena Balanovska
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russia.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Urnikyte A, Domarkiene I, Stoma S, Ambrozaityte L, Uktveryte I, Meskiene R, Kasiulevičius V, Burokiene N, Kučinskas V. CNV analysis in the Lithuanian population. BMC Genet 2016; 17:64. [PMID: 27142071 PMCID: PMC4855864 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-016-0373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although copy number variation (CNV) has received much attention, knowledge about the characteristics of CNVs such as occurrence rate and distribution in the genome between populations and within the same population is still insufficient. In this study, Illumina 770 K HumanOmniExpress-12 v1.0 (and v1.1) arrays were used to examine the diversity and distribution of CNVs in 286 unrelated individuals from the two main ethnolinguistic groups of the Lithuanian population (Aukštaičiai and Žemaičiai) (see Additional file 3). For primary data analysis, the Illumina GenomeStudio™ Genotyping Module v1.9 and two algorithms, cnvPartition 3.2.0 and QuantiSNP 2.0, were used to identify high-confidence CNVs. Results A total of 478 autosomal CNVs were detected by both algorithms, and those were clustered in 87 copy number variation regions (CNVRs), spanning ~12.5 Mb of the genome (see Table 1). At least 8.6 % of the CNVRs were unique and had not been reported in the Database of Genomic Variants. Most CNVRs (57.5 %) were rare, with a frequency of <1 %, whereas common CNVRs with at least 5 % frequency made up only 1.1 % of all CNVRs identified. About 49 % of non-singleton CNVRs were shared between Aukštaičiai and Žemaičiai, and the remaining CNVRs were specific to each group. Many of the CNVs detected (66 %) overlapped with known UCSC gene regions. Conclusions The ethnolinguistic groups of the Lithuanian population could not be differentiated based on CNV profiles, which may reflect their geographical proximity and suggest the homogeneity of the Lithuanian population. In addition, putative novel CNVs unique to the Lithuanian population were identified. The results of our study enhance the CNV map of the Lithuanian population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0373-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Urnikyte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - I Domarkiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Stoma
- Master of Science (MSc), Bioinformatics student, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Ambrozaityte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - I Uktveryte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Meskiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Kasiulevičius
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - N Burokiene
- Clinics of Internal Diseases, Family Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Santariskiu St. 2, LT-08661, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pliss L, Timša L, Rootsi S, Tambets K, Pelnena I, Zole E, Puzuka A, Sabule A, Rozane S, Lace B, Kucinskas V, Krumina A, Ranka R, Baumanis V. Y-Chromosomal Lineages of Latvians in the Context of the Genetic Variation of the Eastern-Baltic Region. Ann Hum Genet 2015; 79:418-30. [PMID: 26411886 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Variations of the nonrecombining Y-chromosomal region were investigated in 159 unrelated Baltic-speaking ethnic Latvians from four different geographic regions, using 28 biallelic markers and 12 short tandem repeats. Eleven different haplogroups (hgs) were detected in a regionally homogeneous Latvian population, among which N1c, R1a, and I1 cover more than 85% of its paternal lineages. When compared its closest geographic neighbors, the composition of the Latvian Y-chromosomal gene pool was found to be very similar to those of Lithuanians and Estonians. Despite the comparable frequency distribution of hg N1c in Latvians and Lithuanians with the Finno-Ugric-speaking populations from the Eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, the observed differences in allelic variances of N1c haplotypes between these two groups are in concordance with the previously stated hypothesis of different dispersal ways of this lineage in the region. More than a third of Latvian paternal lineages belong specifically to a recently defined R1a-M558 hg, indicating an influence from a common source within Eastern Slavic populations on the formation of the present-day Latvian Y-chromosome gene pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Pliss
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Līga Timša
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | | | - Inese Pelnena
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Egija Zole
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Areta Sabule
- State Centre for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Sandra Rozane
- State Centre for Forensic Medical Examination of the Republic of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Lace
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vaidutis Kucinskas
- Human Genome Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135820. [PMID: 26332464 PMCID: PMC4558026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval times. This expansion–mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans–resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: ‘central-east European’ for West and East Slavs, and ‘south-east European’ for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.
Collapse
|
13
|
Litvinov SS, Khusnutdinova EK. Current state of research in ethnogenomics: Genome-wide analysis and uniparental markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795415040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Sjakste T, Paramonova N, Wu LSS, Zemeckiene Z, Sitkauskiene B, Sakalauskas R, Wang JY, Sjakste N. PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity in Latvians, Lithuanians and Taiwanese. Meta Gene 2014; 2:283-98. [PMID: 25606411 PMCID: PMC4287955 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PSMA6 (rs2277460, rs1048990), PSMC6 (rs2295826, rs2295827) and PSMA3 (rs2348071) genetic diversity was investigated in 1438 unrelated subjects from Latvia, Lithuania and Taiwan. In general, polymorphism of each individual locus showed tendencies similar to determined previously in HapMap populations. Main differences concern Taiwanese and include presence of rs2277460 rare allele A not found before in Asians and absence of rs2295827 rare alleles homozygotes TT observed in all other human populations. Observed patterns of SNPs and haplotype diversity were compatible with expectation of neutral model of evolution. Linkage disequilibrium between the rs2295826 and rs2295827 was detected to be complete in Latvians and Lithuanians (D´ = 1; r2 = 1) and slightly disrupted in Taiwanese (D´ = 0.978; r2 = 0.901). Population differentiation (FST statistics) was estimated from pairwise population comparisons of loci variability, five locus haplotypes and PSMA6 and PSMC6 two locus haplotypes. Latvians were significantly different from all Asians at each of 5 SNPs and from Lithuanians at the rs1048990 and PSMC6 loci. Lithuanian and Asian populations exhibited similarities at the PSMC6 loci and were different at the PSMA6 and PSMA3 SNPs. Considering five locus haplotypes all European populations were significantly different from Asian; Lithuanian population was different from both Latvian and CEU. Allele specific patterns of transcription factor binding sites and splicing signals were predicted in silico and addressed to eventual functionality of nucleotide substitutions and their potential to be involved in human genome evolution and geographical adaptation. Current study represents a novel step toward a systematic analysis of the proteasomal gene genetic diversity in human populations. SNPs in PSMA6, PSMC6 and PSMA3 differentiate Latvian and Taiwanese populations. rs2277460, rs1048990 and rs2348071 differentiate Lithuanians and Taiwanese. Lithuanians and Taiwanese are similar in rs2295826, rs2295827 diversity. rs1048990, rs2295826 and rs2295827 differentiate Latvians and Lithuanians.
Collapse
Key Words
- Genetic diversity
- HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
- HapMap HCB, Han Chinese
- HapMap JPT, Japanese
- HapMap-CEU, NorthWestern Europeans
- Human population
- LD, linkage disequilibrium
- LT, Lithuanian population
- LV, Latvian population
- PSMA3
- PSMA6
- PSMC6
- Proteasome
- SNP
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TF, transcription factor
- TFBS, transcription factor binding site
- TW, Taiwanese population
- UPS, ubiquitin–proteasome system
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Sjakste
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Miera str. 3, LV2169, Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Natalia Paramonova
- Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology of the University of Latvia, Miera str. 3, LV2169, Salaspils, Latvia
| | | | - Zivile Zemeckiene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Pulmonology and Immunology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimundas Sakalauskas
- Department of Pulmonology and Immunology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jiu-Yao Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nikolajs Sjakste
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia ; Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kushniarevich A, Sivitskaya L, Danilenko N, Novogrodskii T, Tsybovsky I, Kiseleva A, Kotova S, Chaubey G, Metspalu E, Sahakyan H, Bahmanimehr A, Reidla M, Rootsi S, Parik J, Reisberg T, Achilli A, Hooshiar Kashani B, Gandini F, Olivieri A, Behar DM, Torroni A, Davydenko O, Villems R. Uniparental genetic heritage of belarusians: encounter of rare middle eastern matrilineages with a central European mitochondrial DNA pool. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66499. [PMID: 23785503 PMCID: PMC3681942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnic Belarusians make up more than 80% of the nine and half million people inhabiting the Republic of Belarus. Belarusians together with Ukrainians and Russians represent the East Slavic linguistic group, largest both in numbers and territory, inhabiting East Europe alongside Baltic-, Finno-Permic- and Turkic-speaking people. Till date, only a limited number of low resolution genetic studies have been performed on this population. Therefore, with the phylogeographic analysis of 565 Y-chromosomes and 267 mitochondrial DNAs from six well covered geographic sub-regions of Belarus we strove to complement the existing genetic profile of eastern Europeans. Our results reveal that around 80% of the paternal Belarusian gene pool is composed of R1a, I2a and N1c Y-chromosome haplogroups – a profile which is very similar to the two other eastern European populations – Ukrainians and Russians. The maternal Belarusian gene pool encompasses a full range of West Eurasian haplogroups and agrees well with the genetic structure of central-east European populations. Our data attest that latitudinal gradients characterize the variation of the uniparentally transmitted gene pools of modern Belarusians. In particular, the Y-chromosome reflects movements of people in central-east Europe, starting probably as early as the beginning of the Holocene. Furthermore, the matrilineal legacy of Belarusians retains two rare mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, N1a3 and N3, whose phylogeographies were explored in detail after de novo sequencing of 20 and 13 complete mitogenomes, respectively, from all over Eurasia. Our phylogeographic analyses reveal that two mitochondrial DNA lineages, N3 and N1a3, both of Middle Eastern origin, might mark distinct events of matrilineal gene flow to Europe: during the mid-Holocene period and around the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, respectively.
Collapse
|
16
|
Janavičius R, Rudaitis V, Feng BJ, Ozolina S, Griškevičius L, Goldgar D, Tihomirova L. Haplotype analysis and ancient origin of the BRCA1 c.4035delA Baltic founder mutation. Eur J Med Genet 2013; 56:125-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
17
|
Bielecki EM, Haas JD, Hulanicka B. Secular changes in the height of Polish schoolboys from 1955 to 1988. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2012; 10:310-7. [PMID: 21752733 PMCID: PMC4104288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Secular changes in height have been observed in many regions of Poland using cross-sectional data; however, data from four nationally representative surveys conducted from 1955 to 1988 have only been partially analyzed. Dramatic social and economic transitions during this 33 year period provide a unique opportunity to understand changes in growth within this historic context. We analyzed the changes in height of boys, aged 7-18 years, from surveys conducted in 1955, 1966, 1978 and 1988. Data for height were converted to Z-scores using the LMS method and the 2000 National Center for Health Statistics reference. In each consecutive survey year, boys at all ages were significantly taller than the same aged boys from the previous survey year, with mean height increases of a 2.35 cm, 3.43 cm and 1.47 cm between 1955 and 1966, 1966 and 1978 and 1978 and 1988, respectively. There were significant declines with age in height Z-scores from 7 to 14 years of age, followed by improvements relative to the reference between 14 and 18 years of age. The decline in Z-scores may be partially explained by an effect of delayed maturation. However, historic context also supports that some birth cohorts likely experienced a more adverse environment during early childhood than did other birth cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. Bielecki
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca NY 14850 USA; phone: (607) 255-2665; fax: (607) 255-1033
| | - Jere D Haas
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca NY 14850 USA; phone: (607) 255-2665; fax: (607) 255-1033
| | - Barbara Hulanicka
- Institute of Anthropology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kuźnicza 35 Wrocław 50951, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Khusnutdinova EK, Litvinov SS, Kutuev IA, Yunusbayev BB, Khusainova RI, Ahmetova VL, Ahatova FS, Metspalu E, Rootsi S, Villems R. Gene pool of ethnic groups of the Caucasus: Results of integrated study of the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA and genome-wide data. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412060063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Balanovsky OP, Koshel SM, Zaporozhchenko VV, Pshenichnov AS, Frolova SA, Kuznetsova MA, Baranova EE, Teuchezh IE, Kuznetsova AA, Romashkina MV, Utevska OM, Churnosov ML, Villems R, Balanovska EV. Genetic ecological monitoring in human populations: Heterozygosity, mtDNA haplotype variation, and genetic load. RUSS J GENET+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795411110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
20
|
|
21
|
Mirabal S, Regueiro M, Cadenas AM, Cavalli-Sforza LL, Underhill PA, Verbenko DA, Limborska SA, Herrera RJ. Y-chromosome distribution within the geo-linguistic landscape of northwestern Russia. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1260-73. [PMID: 19259129 PMCID: PMC2986641 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of northeastern Europe and the Uralic mountain range are found in close geographic proximity, but they have been subject to different demographic histories. The current study attempts to better understand the genetic paternal relationships of ethnic groups residing in these regions. We have performed high-resolution haplotyping of 236 Y-chromosomes from populations in northwestern Russia and the Uralic mountains, and compared them to relevant previously published data. Haplotype variation and age estimation analyses using 15 Y-STR loci were conducted for samples within the N1b, N1c1 and R1a1 single-nucleotide polymorphism backgrounds. Our results suggest that although most genetic relationships throughout Eurasia are dependent on geographic proximity, members of the Uralic and Slavic linguistic families and subfamilies, yield significant correlations at both levels of comparison making it difficult to denote either linguistics or geographic proximity as the basis for their genetic substrata. Expansion times for haplogroup R1a1 date approximately to 18,000 YBP, and age estimates along with Network topology of populations found at opposite poles of its range (Eastern Europe and South Asia) indicate that two separate haplotypic foci exist within this haplogroup. Data based on haplogroup N1b challenge earlier findings and suggest that the mutation may have occurred in the Uralic range rather than in Siberia and much earlier than has been proposed (12.9+/-4.1 instead of 5.2+/-2.7 kya). In addition, age and variance estimates for haplogroup N1c1 suggest that populations from the western Urals may have been genetically influenced by a dispersal from northeastern Europe (eg, eastern Slavs) rather than the converse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Mirabal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maria Regueiro
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alicia M Cadenas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Dmitry A Verbenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Flegontova OV, Khrunin AV, Lylova OI, Tarskaia LA, Spitsyn VA, Mikulich AI, Limborska SA. Haplotype frequencies at the DRD2 locus in populations of the East European Plain. BMC Genet 2009; 10:62. [PMID: 19793394 PMCID: PMC2765450 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was demonstrated previously that the three-locus RFLP haplotype, TaqI B-TaqI D-TaqI A (B-D-A), at the DRD2 locus constitutes a powerful genetic marker and probably reflects the most ancient dispersal of anatomically modern humans. Results We investigated TaqI B, BclI, MboI, TaqI D, and TaqI A RFLPs in 17 contemporary populations of the East European Plain and Siberia. Most of these populations belong to the Indo-European or Uralic language families. We identified three common haplotypes, which occurred in more than 90% of chromosomes investigated. The frequencies of the haplotypes differed according to linguistic and geographical affiliation. Conclusion Populations in the northwestern (Byelorussians from Mjadel'), northern (Russians from Mezen' and Oshevensk), and eastern (Russians from Puchezh) parts of the East European Plain had relatively high frequencies of haplotype B2-D2-A2, which may reflect admixture with Uralic-speaking populations that inhabited all of these regions in the Early Middle Ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Flegontova
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Naumova OY, Rychkov SY, Zhukova OV. Mitochondrial DNA variability in populations and ethnic groups of Tatars of the Tobol-Irtysh basin. RUSS J GENET+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795409090129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Novelletto A. Y chromosome variation in Europe: Continental and local processes in the formation of the extant gene pool. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 34:139-72. [PMID: 17558587 DOI: 10.1080/03014460701206843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The polymorphism of the male-specific portion of the Y chromosome has been increasingly used to describe the composition of the European gene pool and to reconstruct its formation. Here the theoretical grounds and the limitations of this approach are presented, together with the different views on debated issues. The emerging picture for the composition of the male gene pool of the continent is illustrated, but local peculiarities that represent departures from the main trends are also highlighted, in order to illustrate the main unifying feature, i.e. the overlay of recent patterns onto more ancient ones. A synopsis of the main findings and conclusions obtained in regional studies has also been compiled.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fechner A, Quinque D, Rychkov S, Morozowa I, Naumova O, Schneider Y, Willuweit S, Zhukova O, Roewer L, Stoneking M, Nasidze I. Boundaries and clines in the West Eurasian Y-chromosome landscape: insights from the European part of Russia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; 137:41-7. [PMID: 18470899 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies of Y chromosome variation have revealed that western Europe, the Volga-Ural region, and the Caucasus differ dramatically with respect to Y-SNP haplogroup composition. The European part of Russia is situated in between these three regions; to determine if these differences reflect clines or boundaries in the Y-chromosome landscape, we analyzed 12 Y-SNPs in 545 males from 12 populations from the European part of Russia. The majority of Russian Y chromosomes (from 74% to 94%) belong to three Y chromosomal lineages [I-M170, R1a1-M17, and N3-TAT] that are also frequent in the rest of east Europe, north Europe, and/or in the Volga-Ural region. We find significant but low correlations between haplogroup frequencies and the geographic location of populations, suggesting gradual change in the Y chromosome gene pool across western Eurasia. However, we also find some significant boundaries between populations, suggesting that both isolation and migration have influenced the Y chromosome landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Fechner
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pimenoff VN, Comas D, Palo JU, Vershubsky G, Kozlov A, Sajantila A. Northwest Siberian Khanty and Mansi in the junction of West and East Eurasian gene pools as revealed by uniparental markers. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 16:1254-64. [DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
27
|
Kharkov VN, Stepanov VA, Medvedeva OF, Spiridonova MG, Maksimova NR, Nogovitsina AN, Puzyrev VP. The origin of Yakuts: Analysis of the Y-chromosome haplotypes. Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893308020040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
28
|
Balanovsky O, Rootsi S, Pshenichnov A, Kivisild T, Churnosov M, Evseeva I, Pocheshkhova E, Boldyreva M, Yankovsky N, Balanovska E, Villems R. Two sources of the Russian patrilineal heritage in their Eurasian context. Am J Hum Genet 2008; 82:236-50. [PMID: 18179905 PMCID: PMC2253976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Revised: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in the mapping of population genetic substructure provides a core source of data for the reconstruction of the demographic history of our species and for the discovery of common signals relevant to disease research: These two aspects of enquiry overlap in their empirical data content and are especially informative at continental and subcontinental levels. In the present study of the variation of the Y chromosome pool of ethnic Russians, we show that the patrilineages within the pre-Ivan the Terrible historic borders of Russia have two main distinct sources. One of these antedates the linguistic split between West and East Slavonic-speaking people and is common for the two groups; the other is genetically highlighted by the pre-eminence of haplogroup (hg) N3 and is most parsimoniously explained by extensive assimilation of (or language change in) northeastern indigenous Finno-Ugric tribes. Although hg N3 is common for both East European and Siberian Y chromosomes, other typically Siberian or Mongolian hgs (Q and C) have negligible influence within the studied Russian Y chromosome pool. The distribution of all frequent Y chromosome haplogroups (which account for 95% of the Y chromosomal spectrum in Russians) follows a similar north-south clinal pattern among autosomal markers, apparent from synthetic maps. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots comparing intra ethnic and interethnic variation of Y chromosome in Europe show that although well detectable, intraethnic variation signals do not cross interethnic borders, except between Poles, Ukrainians, and central-southern Russians, thereby revealing their overwhelmingly shared patrilineal ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Balanovsky
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 115478 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tömöry G, Csányi B, Bogácsi-Szabó E, Kalmár T, Czibula A, Csosz A, Priskin K, Mende B, Langó P, Downes CS, Raskó I. Comparison of maternal lineage and biogeographic analyses of ancient and modern Hungarian populations. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 134:354-68. [PMID: 17632797 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family, but Hungarian speakers have been living in Central Europe for more than 1000 years, surrounded by speakers of unrelated Indo-European languages. In order to study the continuity in maternal lineage between ancient and modern Hungarian populations, polymorphisms in the HVSI and protein coding regions of mitochondrial DNA sequences of 27 ancient samples (10th-11th centuries), 101 modern Hungarian, and 76 modern Hungarian-speaking Sekler samples from Transylvania were analyzed. The data were compared with sequences derived from 57 European and Asian populations, including Finno-Ugric populations, and statistical analyses were performed to investigate their genetic relationships. Only 2 of 27 ancient Hungarian samples are unambiguously Asian: the rest belong to one of the western Eurasian haplogroups, but some Asian affinities, and the genetic effect of populations who came into contact with ancient Hungarians during their migrations are seen. Strong differences appear when the ancient Hungarian samples are analyzed according to apparent social status, as judged by grave goods. Commoners show a predominance of mtDNA haplotypes and haplogroups (H, R, T), common in west Eurasia, while high-status individuals, presumably conquering Hungarians, show a more heterogeneous haplogroup distribution, with haplogroups (N1a, X) which are present at very low frequencies in modern worldwide populations and are absent in recent Hungarian and Sekler populations. Modern Hungarian-speaking populations seem to be specifically European. Our findings demonstrate that significant genetic differences exist between the ancient and recent Hungarian-speaking populations, and no genetic continuity is seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyöngyvér Tömöry
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Stoneking M. Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: Inferences from mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 133:1013-27. [PMID: 17492671 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Evenks and Evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the Northern Tungusic branch of the Tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. They are spread over an immense territory in northeastern Siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking Samoyedic, Turkic, Mongolic, Chukotka-Kamchatkan, and Yukaghir languages. Nevertheless, the languages and culture of the Evenks and Evens are similar enough for them to have been classified as a single ethnic group in the past. This linguistic and cultural similarity indicates that they may have spread over their current area of habitation relatively recently, and thus may be closely related genetically. On the other hand, the great distances that separate individual groups of Evens and Evenks from each other might have led to preferential mating with geographic neighbors rather than with linguistically related peoples. In this study, we assess the correlation between linguistic and genetic relationship in three different subgroups of Evenks and Evens, respectively, via mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses. The results show that there is some evidence of a common origin based on shared mtDNA lineages and relatively similar Y-haplogroup frequencies amongst most of the Evenk and Even subgroups. However, there is little sharing of Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes, indicating that males within Evenk and Even subgroups have remained relatively isolated. There is further evidence of some female admixture in different Even subgroups with their respective geographic neighbors. However, the Tungusic groups, and especially the Evenks, show signs of genetic drift, making inferences about their prehistory difficult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Pakendorf
- Junior Scientists Group on Comparative Population Linguistics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rębała K, Mikulich AI, Tsybovsky IS, Siváková D, Džupinková Z, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Szczerkowska Z. Y-STR variation among Slavs: evidence for the Slavic homeland in the middle Dnieper basin. J Hum Genet 2007; 52:406-414. [PMID: 17364156 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-007-0125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A set of 18 Y-chromosomal microsatellite loci was analysed in 568 males from Poland, Slovakia and three regions of Belarus. The results were compared to data available for 2,937 Y chromosome samples from 20 other Slavic populations. Lack of relationship between linguistic, geographic and historical relations between Slavic populations and Y-short tandem repeat (STR) haplotype distribution was observed. Two genetically distant groups of Slavic populations were revealed: one encompassing all Western-Slavic, Eastern-Slavic, and two Southern-Slavic populations, and one encompassing all remaining Southern Slavs. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on Y-chromosomal STRs showed that the variation observed between the two population groups was 4.3%, and was higher than the level of genetic variance among populations within the groups (1.2%). Homogeneity of northern Slavic paternal lineages in Europe was shown to stretch from the Alps to the upper Volga and involve ethnicities speaking completely different branches of Slavic languages. The central position of the population of Ukraine in the network of insignificant AMOVA comparisons, and the lack of traces of significant contribution of ancient tribes inhabiting present-day Poland to the gene pool of Eastern and Southern Slavs, support hypothesis placing the earliest known homeland of Slavs in the middle Dnieper basin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Rębała
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Alexei I Mikulich
- Institute for the Study of Arts, Ethnography and Folklore, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Iosif S Tsybovsky
- Institute of Problems of Criminology, Criminalistics and Forensic Expertise, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Daniela Siváková
- Department of Anthropology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Džupinková
- Department of Experimental and Applied Genetics, Institute of Preventive and Clinical Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Zofia Szczerkowska
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3A, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Grzybowski T, Malyarchuk BA, Derenko MV, Perkova MA, Bednarek J, Woźniak M. Complex interactions of the Eastern and Western Slavic populations with other European groups as revealed by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2007; 1:141-7. [PMID: 19083745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequence variation was examined by the control region sequencing (HVS I and HVS II) and RFLP analysis of haplogroup-diagnostic coding region sites in 570 individuals from four regional populations of Poles and two Russian groups from northwestern part of the country. Additionally, sequences of complete mitochondrial genomes representing K1a1b1a subclade in Polish and Polish Roma populations have been determined. Haplogroup frequency patterns revealed in Poles and Russians are similar to those characteristic of other Europeans. However, there are several features of Slavic mtDNA pools seen on the level of regional populations which are helpful in the understanding of complex interactions of the Eastern and Western Slavic populations with other European groups. One of the most important is the presence of subhaplogroups U5b1b1, D5, Z1 and U8a with simultaneous scarcity of haplogroup K in populations of northwestern Russia suggesting the participation of Finno-Ugrian tribes in the formation of mtDNA pools of Russians from this region. The results of genetic structure analyses suggest that Russians from Velikii Novgorod area (northwestern Russia) and Poles from Suwalszczyzna (northeastern Poland) differ from all remaining Polish and Russian samples. Simultaneously, northwestern Russians and northeastern Poles bear some similarities to Baltic (Latvians) and Finno-Ugrian groups (Estonians) of northeastern Europe, especially on the level of U5 haplogroup frequencies. The occurrence of K1a1b1a subcluster in Poles and Polish Roma is one of the first direct proofs of the presence of Ashkenazi-specific mtDNA lineages in non-Jewish European populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Grzybowski
- The Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Department of Molecular and Forensic Genetics, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej Str. 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Luca F, Di Giacomo F, Benincasa T, Popa LO, Banyko J, Kracmarova A, Malaspina P, Novelletto A, Brdicka R. Y-chromosomal variation in the Czech Republic. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2007; 132:132-9. [PMID: 17078035 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the contribution of the Czech population to the Y-chromosome diversity landscape of Europe and to reconstruct past demographic events, we typed 257 males from five locations for 21 UEPs. Moreover, 141 carriers of the three most common haplogroups were typed for 10 microsatellites and coalescent analyses applied. Sixteen Hg's characterized by derived alleles were identified, the most common being R1a-SRY(10831) and P-DYS257*(xR1a). The pool of haplogroups within I-M170 represented the third most common clade. Overall, the degree of population structure was low. The ages for Hg I-M170, P-DYS257*(xR1a), and R1a-SRY(10831) ap peared to be comparable and compatible with their presence during or soon after the LGM. A signal of population growth beginning in the first millennium B.C. was detected. Its similarity among the three most common Hg's indicated that growth was characteristic for a gene pool that already contained all of them. The Czech population appears to be influenced, to a very moderate extent, by genetic inputs from outside Europe in the post-Neolithic and historical times. Population growth postdated the archaeologically documented introduction of Neolithic technology and the estimated central value coincides with a period of repeated changes driven by the development of metal technologies and the associated social and trade organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Luca
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rootsi S, Zhivotovsky LA, Baldovic M, Kayser M, Kutuev IA, Khusainova R, Bermisheva MA, Gubina M, Fedorova SA, Ilumäe AM, Khusnutdinova EK, Voevoda MI, Osipova LP, Stoneking M, Lin AA, Ferak V, Parik J, Kivisild T, Underhill PA, Villems R. A counter-clockwise northern route of the Y-chromosome haplogroup N from Southeast Asia towards Europe. Eur J Hum Genet 2006; 15:204-11. [PMID: 17149388 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A large part of Y chromosome lineages in East European and East Asian human populations belong to haplogroup (hg) NO, which is composed of two sister clades N-M231 and O-M175. The O-clade is relatively old (around 30 thousand years (ky)) and encompasses the vast majority of east and Southeast Asian male lineages, as well as significant proportion of those in Oceanian males. On the other hand, our detailed analysis of hg N suggests that its high frequency in east Europe is due to its more recent expansion westward on a counter-clock northern route from inner Asia/southern Siberia, approximately 12-14 ky ago. The widespread presence of hg N in Siberia, together with its absence in Native Americans, implies its spread happened after the founder event for the Americas. The most frequent subclade N3, arose probably in the region of present day China, and subsequently experienced serial bottlenecks in Siberia and secondary expansions in eastern Europe. Another branch, N2, forms two distinctive subclusters of STR haplotypes, Asian (N2-A) and European (N2-E), the latter now mostly distributed in Finno-Ugric and related populations. These phylogeographic patterns provide evidence consistent with male-mediated counter-clockwise late Pleistocene-Holocene migratory trajectories toward Northwestern Europe from an ancestral East Asian source of Paleolithic heritage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Rootsi
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pakendorf B, Novgorodov IN, Osakovskij VL, Danilova AP, Protod'jakonov AP, Stoneking M. Investigating the effects of prehistoric migrations in Siberia: genetic variation and the origins of Yakuts. Hum Genet 2006; 120:334-53. [PMID: 16845541 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 05/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Yakuts (also known as Sakha), Turkic-speaking cattle- and horse-breeders, inhabit a vast territory in Central and northeastern Siberia. On the basis of the archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, they are assumed to have migrated north from their original area of settlement in the vicinity of Lake Baykal in South Siberia under the pressure of the Mongol expansion during the thirteenth to fifteenth century AD: . During their initial migration and subsequent expansion, the ancestors of the Yakuts settled in the territory originally occupied by Tungusic- and Uralic-speaking reindeer-herders and hunters. In this paper we use mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses to elucidate whether the Yakut immigration and expansion was accompanied by admixture with the indigenous populations of their new area of settlement or whether the Yakuts displaced the original inhabitants without intermarriage. The mtDNA results show a very close affinity of the Yakuts with Central Asian and South Siberian groups, which confirms their southern origin. There is no conclusive evidence for admixture with indigenous populations, though a small amount cannot be excluded on the basis of the mtDNA data alone. The Y-chromosomal results confirm previous findings of a very strong bottleneck in the Yakuts, the age of which is in good accordance with the hypothesis that the Yakuts migrated north under Mongol pressure. Furthermore, the genetic results show that the Yakuts are a very homogenous population, notwithstanding their current spread over a very large territory. This confirms the historical accounts that they spread over their current area of settlement fairly recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Pakendorf
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pliss L, Tambets K, Loogväli EL, Pronina N, Lazdins M, Krumina A, Baumanis V, Villems R. Mitochondrial DNA Portrait of Latvians: Towards the Understanding of the Genetic Structure of Baltic-Speaking Populations. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 70:439-58. [PMID: 16759178 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was investigated in a sample of 299 Latvians, a Baltic-speaking population from Eastern Europe. Sequencing of the first hypervariable segment (HVS-I) in combination with analysis of informative coding region markers revealed that the vast majority of observed mtDNAs belong to haplogroups (hgs) common to most European populations. Analysis of the spatial distribution of mtDNA haplotypes found in Latvians, as well as in Baltic-speaking populations in general, revealed that they share haplotypes with all neighbouring populations irrespective of their linguistic affiliation. Hence, the results of our mtDNA analysis show that the previously described sharp difference between the Y-chromosomal hg N3 distribution in the paternally inherited gene pool of Baltic-speaking populations and of other European Indo-European speakers does not have a corresponding maternal counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pliss
- Biomedical Research and Study Centre, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pliss L, Tambets K, Loogvali EL, Pronina N, Lazdins M, Krumina A, Baumanis V, Villems R. Mitochondrial DNA Portrait of Latvians: Towards the Understanding of the Genetic Structure of Baltic-Speaking Populations. Ann Hum Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
38
|
Khrunin AV, Bebyakova NA, Ivanov VP, Solodilova MA, Limborska SA. Polymorphism of Y-Chromosomal Microsatellites in Russian Populations from the Northern and Southern Russia as Exemplified by the Populations of Kursk and Arkhangelsk Oblast. RUSS J GENET+ 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11177-005-0181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
39
|
ERRATA. Ann Hum Genet 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|