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Shinar E, Jaffe E, Orr Z, Zalcman BG, Offenbacher J, Quint M, Alpert EA, Weiss BZ, Berzon B. Characteristics and Motivational Factors of Whole Blood and Convalescent Plasma Donors during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Israel. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:589. [PMID: 38470700 PMCID: PMC10931588 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Demands for whole blood (WB) and COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for blood services throughout the world. This study aims to understand the motivating factors that drive WB and CCP donations in the context of the pandemic. This cross-sectional study is based on data extracted from surveys of the two volunteer donor cohorts. The findings reveal that when compared to CCP donors, WB donors were more likely to view donation as a form of social engagement (97.7% vs. 87.1%, p < 0.01), advantageous in the workplace (46.4% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.01), advantageous in their social network (58.6% vs. 47.0%, p = 0.01), and view their donation in the context of positive self-satisfaction (99% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.01). The average age of CCP donors was 7.1 years younger than those who donated WB (p < 0.01). Motivational factors were also analyzed by sex and religiosity. In conclusion, whereas both donor groups showed a high motivation to partake in these life-saving commitments, WB donors were more likely to be motivated by factors that, when better-understood and implemented in policies concerning plasma donations, may help to increase these donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Eli Jaffe
- Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv 67062, Israel; (E.J.); (M.Q.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zvika Orr
- Selma Jelinek School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel;
| | - Beth G. Zalcman
- Selma Jelinek School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel;
| | - Joseph Offenbacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Maxim Quint
- Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv 67062, Israel; (E.J.); (M.Q.)
| | - Evan Avraham Alpert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center-Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Boaz Zadok Weiss
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel;
| | - Baruch Berzon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaakov 70300, Israel;
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Laermans J, O D, Van den Bosch E, De Buck E, Compernolle V, Shinar E, Vandekerckhove P. Impact of disasters on blood donation rates and blood safety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vox Sang 2022; 117:769-779. [PMID: 35167126 PMCID: PMC9306627 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Timely and adequate access to safe blood forms an integral part of universal health coverage, but it may be compromised by natural or man‐made disasters. This systematic review provides an overview of the best available scientific evidence on the impact of disasters on blood donation rates and safety outcomes. Materials and Methods Five databases (The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL) were searched until 27 March 2020 for (un)controlled studies investigating the impact of disasters on blood donation rates and/or safety. Risk of bias and overall certainty of the evidence were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Eighteen observational studies were identified, providing very low certainty of evidence (due to high risk of bias, inconsistency and/or imprecision) on the impact of natural (12 studies) and man‐made/technological (6 studies) disasters. The available evidence did not enable us to form any generalizable conclusions on the impact on blood donation rates. Meta‐analyses could not detect any statistically significant changes in transfusion‐transmissible infection (TTI) rates [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1/2, human T‐lymphotropic virus I and II (HTLV‐I/II) and syphilis] in donated blood after a disaster, either in first‐time or repeat donors, although the evidence is very uncertain. Conclusion The very low certainty of evidence synthetized in this systematic review indicates that it is very uncertain whether there is an association between disaster occurrence and changes in TTI rates in donated blood. The currently available evidence did not allow us to draw generalizable conclusions on the impact of disasters on blood donation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorien Laermans
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Dorien O
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
| | | | - Emmy De Buck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Compernolle
- Belgian Red Cross, Blood Services, Mechelen, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eilat Shinar
- National Blood Services, Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.,Global Advisory Panel on Corporate Governance and Risk Management of Blood Services in Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (GAP), Perth, Australia
| | - Philippe Vandekerckhove
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Global Advisory Panel on Corporate Governance and Risk Management of Blood Services in Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (GAP), Perth, Australia.,Belgian Red Cross, Mechelen, Belgium
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Rafiee MH, Kafiabad SA, Maghsudlu M. Analysis of blood donors' characteristics and deferrals related to COVID-19 in Iran. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103049. [PMID: 33468406 PMCID: PMC7833597 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2020.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the outbreak of the coronavirus disease in 2019, called COVID-19, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO) implemented the new deferrals. This study analyzed the COVID-19 deferrals of blood volunteers and compared the demographics, deferrals, and the donor status during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected from the integrated blood donor database between Feb-Apr 2019 and 2020. Deferral reasons of COVID-19 were categorized as: those who have symptoms or live with a symptomatic family member, have direct exposure with a confirmed case, have travelled from the outbreak affected areas, and have fully recovered from confirmed COVID-19. The z-test analysis was used, and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated to compare the sample proportions. RESULTS The blood donations dropped to 26.09 % in 2020. The percent change of first-time blood donors, female donors, and donors within the age group of 45-54 years old was significantly greater in 2020 than the same time frame in 2019 (p < 0.05). The results showed that 0.58 % of volunteers were deferred from blood donation to avoid transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The rate of COVID-19 deferrals in all types except travelling to affected areas has increased in the second 30-day of the study (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The blood shortage that occurred during the COVID-19 outbreak was not due to increased deferral for COVID-19, but it was mostly due to a decrease in the number of volunteers who referred to BTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hessam Rafiee
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Amini Kafiabad
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran.
| | - Mahtab Maghsudlu
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, 14665-1157, Iran
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Hosseinifard Z, Abbasi B, Fadaki M, Clay NM. Postdisaster Volatility of Blood Donations in an Unsteady Blood Supply Chain*. DECISION SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/deci.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hosseinifard
- Department of Management and MarketingFaculty of Business and EconomicsThe University of MelbourneVictoria 3010 Melbourne Australia
| | - Babak Abbasi
- School of Business IT and LogisticsRMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Masih Fadaki
- School of Business IT and LogisticsRMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Nigel M. Clay
- School of ScienceRMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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5
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Nollet KE, Ohto H, Yasuda H, Hasegawa A. The great East Japan earthquake of March 11, 2011, from the vantage point of blood banking and transfusion medicine. Transfus Med Rev 2012; 27:29-35. [PMID: 22901431 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011, and subsequent tsunami took nearly 20 000 lives in Tohoku, the northeastern part of Japan's main island. Most victims were either carried away by the tsunami or drowned. The ability to collect blood was disrupted on the Pacific coast of Tohoku. Inland areas were less affected, but allogeneic blood collected in Tohoku is tested at the Miyagi Red Cross Blood Center (Miyagi Center) in the coastal city of Sendai. Miyagi Center was damaged and could not test for 2 months. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are as follows: (1) to assess transfusion practice at 8 disaster response hospitals in Tohoku's Fukushima Prefecture, for equal intervals before and after March 11, 2011; (2) to report activities related to blood collection and distribution in response to the disaster; and (3) to describe the Great East Japan Earthquake in the context of other disasters. METHODS Data were collected through a survey of transfusion services at 8 major disaster response hospitals, communication at transfusion conferences, and literature review. RESULTS Transfused patients and units transfused were about 70% and 60% of normal in the surveyed hospitals because this was a disaster of mass casualty rather than mass injury, and patients requiring chronic care were evacuated out. A nationally coordinated effort allowed excess blood collected outside Tohoku to be transported in, despite infrastructure damage. CONCLUSION Japan's national system of blood collection and distribution responded effectively to local needs after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Disasters such as Japan's 3.11 should guide discourse about emergency preparedness and centralization of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Nollet
- Department of Blood Transfusion and Transplantation Immunology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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6
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Estimating Blood Transfusion Requirements in Preparation for a Major Earthquake: The Tehran, Iran Study. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 25:246-52. [DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x00008116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction:Tehran, Iran, with a population of approximately seven million people, is at a very high risk for a devastating earthquake. This study aims to estimate the number of units of blood required at the time of such an earthquake.Methods:To assume the damage of an earthquake in Tehran, the researchers applied the Centre for Earthquake and Environmental Studies of Tehran/Japan International Cooperation Agency (CEST/JICA) fault-activation scenarios, and accordingly estimated the injury-to-death ratio (IDR), hospital admission rate (HAR), and blood transfusion rate (BTR). The data were based on Iran's major earthquakes during last two decades. The following values were considered for the analysis: (1) IDR = 1, 2, and 3; (2) HAR = 0.25 and 0.35; and (3) BTR = 0.05, 0.07, and 0.10. The American Association of Blood Banks' formula was adapted to calculate total required numbers of Type-O red blood cell (RBC) units. Calculations relied on the following assumptions: (1) no change in Tehran's vulnerability from CEST/JICA study time; (2) no functional damage to Tehran Blood Transfusion Post; and (3) standards of blood safety are secure during the disaster responses. Surge capacity was estimated based on the Bam earthquake experience. The maximum, optimum, and minimum blood deficits were calculated accordingly.Results:No deficit was estimated in case of the Mosha fault activation and the optimum scenario of North Tehran fault. The maximum blood deficit was estimated from the activation of the Ray fault, requiring up to 107,293 and 95,127 units for the 0–24 hour and the 24–72 hour periods after the earthquake, respectively. The optimum deficit was estimated up to 46,824 and 16,528 units for 0–24 hour and 24–72 hour period after the earthquake, respectively.Conclusions:In most Tehran earthquake scenarios, a shortage of blood was estimated to surge the capacity of all blood transfusion posts around the country within first three days, as it might ask for a 2–8 times more than what the system had produced following the Bam earthquake.
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8
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Guo N, Wang J, Ness P, Yao F, Bi X, Li J, Yun Z, Guo X, Huang Y, Dong X, Tiemuer MHL, He W, Ma H, Huang M, Liu J, Wright DJ, Nelson K, Shan H. First-time donors responding to a national disaster may be an untapped resource for the blood centre. Vox Sang 2012; 102:338-44. [PMID: 21988212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2011.01557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On 12 May 2008, a severe earthquake struck Sichuan in China. Many people donated blood for the first time, leading us to question whether these donors might become repeat donors in the future. The return pattern of post-earthquake first-time donors (PEFTD) was compared with that of first-time donors (FTD) in a comparable period. METHODS Demographic characteristics, transfusion-transmissible infection rates and 1-year return rates were compared between 5147 PEFTD (5/13-5/19, 2008) and 3176 FTD (5/13-5/19, 2009) from five Chinese blood centres using chi-squared tests. Adjusted logistic regression was used to detect earthquake effect on donor return. RESULTS Post-earthquake first-time donors were more frequently between 26 and 45 years, men, and better educated compared with the control group. Slightly higher but not statistically significant increased rates of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) (0·87% vs. 0·50%, P=0·054), hepatitis C virus (HCV) (0·70% vs. 0·63%, P=0·414), syphilis (0·9% vs. 0·7%, P=0·489) and lower rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (0·31% vs. 0·60%, P=0·078) reactivity were detected for PEFTD. The 1-year return rate for PEFTD was significantly lower than that of the controls (8·0% vs. 13·0%, P<0·001). After adjusting for demographic factors, donation volume and sites, the PEFTD were less likely to return in 1 year than the controls (OR: 0·520; 95% CI: 0·442, 0·611). CONCLUSION Post-earthquake first-time donors may be less likely to donate again without continuing motivation strategies. Further studies on PEFTD's lack of motivation to return for donation are needed to design recruitment strategies to convert PEFTD to become repeat donors to continuously replenish the blood supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Hussein E, Teruya J. Evaluation of blood supply operation and infectious disease markers in blood donors during the Egyptian revolution. Transfusion 2012; 52:2321-8. [PMID: 23163293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Egyptian revolution took place on January 25, 2011. Millions of protesters demanded the overthrow of the Egyptian president's regime. Many people suffered from life-threatening injuries after violent clashes between police and protesters. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The overall management of the blood bank operation at Cairo University Hospital was described, in an attempt to evaluate blood safety and establish a standard effective plan to manage blood supply during crisis. RESULTS Three days after the uprising, thousands of Egyptians rushed to the hospital to alleviate the blood shortage. A total of 3425 units were collected in 3 days and thousands of donors were turned away. An error delayed processing of 1000 units and they were used as stored whole blood. Apheresis platelets were donated by protesters who were particularly motivated to donate for two victims with liver injury. The usual positive rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody in Egyptian donors is 3.8%. However, the positive rate of HCV markers in the collected units was only 1.6%. The mean age of donors during the revolution was 31.7±10.4 years while the usual mean age of donors is 39.2±8.5 years. Operating theaters were used only for emergencies. A blood surplus developed that met the hospital needs for 1 month. CONCLUSION Revolution resulted in an influx of first-time donors with a relatively low positive rate of HCV antibody. To be prepared for disasters, a systematic approach to spread donors evenly on a daily basis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Hussein
- Clinical Pathology Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Liu J, Huang Y, Wang J, Bi X, Li J, Lu Y, Wen X, Yao F, Dong X, He W, Huang M, Ma H, Mei H, King M, Wright DJ, Ness PM, Shan H. Impact of the May 12, 2008, Earthquake on blood donations across five Chinese blood centers. Transfusion 2010; 50:1972-9. [PMID: 20456694 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On May 12, 2008, a severe earthquake struck China's Sichuan Province. The nationwide outpouring of charity resulted in a surge of subsequent blood donations. The quantity and quality of these donations were examined in comparison with routine donations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Whole blood and apheresis donations from five geographically different blood centers collected within 1 week postearthquake were compared with those collected during the rest of the year. Regional differences, demographic characteristics, first-time and repeat donor status, and infectious disease screening markers associated with these donations were compared by earthquake status using chi-square statistics. Poisson regression analysis examined the number of daily donations by earthquake status after adjusting for center, day of week, and seasonal variations. RESULTS The number of daily donations across five blood centers increased from 685 on a typical day to 1151 in the postearthquake week. The surge was observed in both sexes and across different education levels, age, and ethnicity groups and three blood centers and was significant after adjusting for confounding covariates. The influx of first-time donors (89.5%) was higher than that of repeat donors (34%). There was a significant change in the overall screening reactive marker rates excluding alanine aminotransferase (2.06% vs. 1.72%% vs. 4.96%). However, when the individual screening test was analyzed separately, no significant differences were found. CONCLUSION Timely donations in response to a disaster are crucial to ensure emergency blood transfusion. The dramatically increased postearthquake donations suggest that Chinese blood centers are capable of handling emergency blood needs. Measures to maintain blood safety should be taken in times of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Westat, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
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11
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Tian F, Wang J, Huang Y, Guo X, Yun Z, Yang T, Nelson K, Schreiber GB, Ness P, Shan H. Psychological and behavioural impacts of the 2008 China earthquake on blood donors. Vox Sang 2010; 99:142-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2010.01320.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tran S, Lewalski EA, Dwyre DM, Hagar Y, Beckett L, Janatpour KA, Holland PV. Does donating blood for the first time during a national emergency create a better commitment to donating again? Vox Sang 2009; 98:e219-24. [PMID: 20002621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2009.01274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emergency situations often elicit a generous response from the public. This occurred after attacks on the US on September 11, 2001 when many new blood donors lined up to donate. This study was performed to compare return rates for first time donors (FTD) after September 11th, 2001 to FTD during a comparable period in 2000. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 3315 allogeneic whole blood donations from FTD at a regional blood centre were collected between September 11th and 30th, 2001. Subsequent donations by the FTD before March 31, 2002 were reviewed. This (test) group was compared to 1279 FTD (control group) donating during the same time period in September 2000 and to their return rate in the subsequent 6 months. RESULTS Following September 11, 2001, 1087/3315 (32.8%) FTD returned by March 31, 2002. This return rate was similar to the control group [427/1279 (33.4%)]. The deferral rate during the donor screening process for the control group was significantly higher than the deferral rate for the September 11-30, 2001 group (P < 0.01). The odds of an individual FTD returning increased with age, and the chance of a female donor returning was 1.13 times higher than a male (P = 0.06). There was a carryover effect after September 11, 2001 too. CONCLUSION A national emergency, September 11, 2001, inspired people to donate blood for the first time. However, the proportion of return donations amongst them was not increased. Females and males in certain age groups were more likely to become repeat donors due to the residual effect of September 11, 2001. Additional efforts are needed to retain eligible FTD in donor pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, 4400 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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13
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The Pediatric Hospital Toolkit: A Resource for Pediatric Emergency Preparedness in General Hospitals. Prehosp Disaster Med 2005. [DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x00015740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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14
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Sönmezoglu M, Kocak N, Oncul O, Ozbayburtlu S, Hepgul Z, Kosan E, Aksu Y, Bayik M. Effects of a major earthquake on blood donor types and infectious diseases marker rates. Transfus Med 2005; 15:93-7. [PMID: 15859974 DOI: 10.1111/j.0958-7578.2005.00557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This observational study attempted to identify the effect of a natural disaster on the safety of blood supply and donor types with the influx of donors after a severe earthquake. Blood donation rate, blood discard rate and safety of blood donations responding to the earthquake, as projected from the infectious disease marker rate, were evaluated in blood donated immediately before (1 July-17 August) and after 17 August 1999 (17 August-21 August). These were compared with the results from the corresponding periods in 1998 and 2000 for donations at a university medical centre and two regional blood centres. 8055 units of allogeneic blood were collected at two regional blood centres, and 450 units were collected at a university medical centre during 4 days. Viral marker rates were nearly the same at the former but were slightly lower at the latter. The blood discard rate was nearly twice the comparative periods at the former, but it remained unchanged at the latter. Voluntary donors replaced the replacement donors during 4 days. This analysis highlights the size of the pool of potential donors that are available as a national resource that can be motivated to give blood with the right motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sönmezoglu
- Blood Bank, Marmara University Hospital, Usküdar, Turkey.
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15
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16
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Dodd RY, Orton SL, Notari EP, Stramer SL. Viral marker rates among blood donors before and after the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. Transfusion 2002; 42:1240-1. [PMID: 12430686 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Chamberland ME. Emerging infectious agents: do they pose a risk to the safety of transfused blood and blood products? Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34:797-805. [PMID: 11850862 DOI: 10.1086/338787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2001] [Revised: 11/02/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood supply is safer than it has been at any other time in recent history, and, in the context of other health care-related adverse events, the risks associated with blood transfusion are extremely small. The current high level of safety is the result of successive refinements and improvements in how blood is collected, tested, processed, and transfused; nonetheless, blood and plasma products remain vulnerable to newly identified or reemerging infections. In recent years, numerous infectious agents-including several newly discovered hepatitis viruses, the agents of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, and tickborne pathogens-have been identified as potential threats to the safety of blood and plasma. Continued vigilance is critical to protect the blood supply from known pathogens and to monitor for the emergence of new infectious agents. Recent terrorist activities in the United States add new considerations to maintaining the safety and supply of blood. Education of clinicians and patients regarding the benefits and risks associated with the judicious use of blood and blood products can assist in informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Chamberland
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA.
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19
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Bissell RA, Becker BM, Burkle FM. Health care personnel in disaster response. Reversible roles or territorial imperatives? Emerg Med Clin North Am 1996; 14:267-88. [PMID: 8635408 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8627(05)70251-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Disasters frequently demand exceptional skills from medical responders. Providers work most efficiently and effectively, however, within the roles and hierarchical structures with which they are familiar. The goal of disaster medical response planners is to assign personnel to roles that are as familiar as possible and to simultaneously enhance flexibility of response to extraordinary circumstances. We have outlined the most common disaster medical response roles and the personnel types that fit most directly as a primary provider within each role. Medics excel in field operations and field care of patients, whereas the training of nurses and physicians makes them the most flexible all-around providers, if specially trained in field emergency care, and the sole providers of definitive care. None of the providers, by virtue of their basic training, is well equipped to manage the public health consequences of disasters, but nurses and physicians should be able to easily move into the role, given appropriate special training. Some of the special courses needed to make medics, nurses, and physicians capable of serving flexible roles already exist; others need to be developed or enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Bissell
- University of Maryland at Baltimore, National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Services, USA
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Abstract
This article discusses the relationship between disasters and infections. Infections that are reviewed include those resulting from (1) a breakdown of the usual mechanisms of infection control, (2) the introduction or emergence of pathogens, and (3) the movement of populations into new areas. Components of infectious-disease surveillance and disaster teams are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Howard
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, USA
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Reesink HW, Dodd RY, Leikola J, Holland PV, Whyte G, Hewitt P, Kühnl P, Dominka T. How Far Shall We Go in the Predonation Selection of Blood Donors to Safeguard Patients for Blood-Transfusion-Related Infections?: Editorial. Vox Sang 1993. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1993.tb04517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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