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Xu J, Luo X, Qu S, Yang G, Shen N. B cell activation factor (BAFF) induces inflammation in the human fallopian tube leading to tubal pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:169. [PMID: 31088412 PMCID: PMC6518762 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tubal pregnancy is recognized as one of the most common ectopic pregnancy types. Salpingitis may result in tubal pregnancy by causing fallopian tube occlusion and hydrosalpinx. B cell activation factor (BAFF) is a proinflammatory cytokine that helps regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses. Our previous study firstly showed that BAFF immunostaining appeared on the cellular membrane and in the cytoplasm of tubal epithelial cells, and both BAFF protein and mRNA in human inflamed fallopian tubes had higher expression levels than those in normal fallopian tubes. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the expression of BAFF gene and the inflammation in the human fallopian tube leading to tubal pregnancy. Methods We examined 70 patients undergoing salpingectomy for salpingitis (n = 35) and tubal pregnancy (n = 35). Twenty patients with benign uterine diseases undergoing complete hysterectomy and salpingectomy were recruited into control group. BAFF mRNA and protein in tissue samples were detected by qPCR and Western blotting methods. Furthermore, serum levels of BAFF, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 were measured using ELISA kits. Results We found statistically significantly elevated expressions of BAFF mRNA or protein in whole tissue samples, and serum levels of BAFF, TNF-α and IL-6 in whole blood samples from patients with salpingitis and tubal pregnancy, in comparison to the control group. Conclusion Based on the results, high expression of BAFF gene might induce inflammation in the human fallopian tube, suggesting its possible role in the tubal pregnancy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Xu
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, 543 Ningxi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Division of human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shihao Qu
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, 543 Ningxi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiyan Yang
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, 543 Ningxi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
| | - Nianchun Shen
- Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Children's Health Hospital, 543 Ningxi Road, Zhuhai, 519000, Guangdong, China
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Ek CJ, Nathanielsz P, Li C, Mallard C. Transcriptomal changes and functional annotation of the developing non-human primate choroid plexus. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:82. [PMID: 25814924 PMCID: PMC4357249 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The choroid plexuses are small organs that protrude into each brain ventricle producing cerebrospinal fluid that constantly bathes the brain. These organs differentiate early in development just after neural closure at a stage when the brain is little vascularized. In recent years the plexus has been shown to have a much more active role in brain development than previously appreciated thereby it can influence both neurogenesis and neural migration by secreting factors into the CSF. However, much of choroid plexus developmental function is still unclear. Most previous studies on this organ have been undertaken in rodents but translation into humans is not straightforward since they have a different timing of brain maturation processes. We have collected choroid plexus from three fetal gestational ages of a non-human primate, the baboon, which has much closer brain development to humans. The transcriptome of the plexuses was determined by next generation sequencing and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software was used to annotate functions and enrichment of pathways of changes in the transcriptome. The number of unique transcripts decreased with development and the majority of differentially expressed transcripts were down-regulated through development suggesting a more complex and active plexus earlier in fetal development. The functional annotation indicated changes across widespread biological functions in plexus development. In particular we find age-dependent regulation of genes associated with annotation categories: Gene Expression, Development of Cardiovascular System, Nervous System Development and Molecular Transport. Our observations support the idea that the choroid plexus has roles in shaping brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Joakim Ek
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nathanielsz
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lung dendritic cell developmental programming, environmental stimuli, and asthma in early periods of life. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:176468. [PMID: 23209481 PMCID: PMC3503332 DOI: 10.1155/2012/176468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are important cells of our innate immune system. Their role is critical in inducing adaptive immunity, tolerance, or allergic response in peripheral organs—lung and skin. The lung DCs are not developed prenatally before birth. The DCs develop after birth presumably during the first year of life; exposures to any foreign antigen or infectious organisms during this period can significantly affect DC developmental programming and generation of distinct DC phenotypes and functions. These changes can have both short-term and long-term health effects which may be very relevant in childhood asthma and predisposition for a persistent response in adulthood. An understanding of DC development at molecular and cellular levels can help in protecting neonates and infants against problematic environmental exposures and developmental immunotoxicity. This knowledge can eventually help in designing novel pharmacological modulators to skew the DC characteristics and immune responses to benefit the host across a lifetime.
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Increased expression of the von Hippel-Lindau gene in the implantation site of human tubal pregnancy. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 368:173-9. [PMID: 22714833 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene in tissues of human fallopian tube and tubal pregnancy. Twenty patients undergoing salpingectomy for tubal pregnancy were recruited into the study group. Tissues of tubal pregnancy were separated into both the implantation and non-implantation sites as the implantation group and the non-implantation group, respectively. Samples of ampullary fallopian tube during mid-secretory phase were collected from twenty patients with benign uterine disease as the control group. Immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting analysis were performed to detect expressions of VHL mRNA and protein. The results showed that VHL immunostaining appeared in the cytoplasm of tubal epithelial cells. Expression of VHL mRNA in the implantation group was higher than that in the non-implantation group or the control group (P < 0.01). Intensity of VHL protein in the implantation group was increased compared with that in the non-implantation group (P < 0.05) or in the control group (P < 0.01). There was no difference on expressions of VHL mRNA and protein between the non-implantation group and the control group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, VHL mRNA and protein are present in human tubal tissues. The VHL gene expression is increased in the implantation site of tubal pregnancy, and locally elevated expression of the VHL gene might be associated with human tubal pregnancy.
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Eutopic or Ectopic Pregnancy: A Competition between Signals Derived from the Endometrium and the Fallopian Tube for Blastocyst Implantation. Placenta 2009; 30:835-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Krugner-Higby L, Luck M, Hartley D, Crispen HM, Lubach GR, Coe CL. High-risk pregnancy in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): a case of ectopic, abdominal pregnancy with birth of a live, term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes complicated by pre-eclampsia. J Med Primatol 2009; 38:252-6. [PMID: 19490364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2009.00349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of abdominal pregnancy, in the form of intra-abdominal mummified fetuses, have been described in nonhuman primates. Gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia are common pregnancy complications in women. METHODS Two timed-bred rhesus monkeys had high-risk pregnancies, an abdominal pregnancy with delivery of a live term infant, and a case of gestational diabetes that later developed pre-eclampsia. RESULTS The monkey that had abdominal pregnancy later died from septic peritonitis. The monkey had a colonic adenocarcinoma that may have allowed leakage of intestinal contents into the abdomen. Her infant was fostered to another female and survived. The monkey with gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia was treated with a regimen similar to that used in women, and a live infant was delivered at day 157 of gestation by Caesarian section. CONCLUSION These cases underscore the value of timed-breeding and the similarities between pregnancy complications in women and in nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Krugner-Higby
- Research Animal Resources Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Fukuda MN, Sugihara K. An integrated view of L-selectin and trophinin function in human embryo implantation. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2008; 34:129-36. [PMID: 18412772 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2008.00776.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Determining molecular mechanisms of human embryo implantation is an extremely challenging task due to the limitation of materials and significant differences underlying this process among mammalian species. Recently, L-selectin and its ligand carbohydrate have been proposed as a system that mediates initial adhesion of human blastocysts to the uterine epithelia. We have also identified trophinin as a unique apical cell adhesion molecule potentially involved in the initial adhesion of trophectoderm of the human blastocyst to endometrial surface epithelia. In the mouse, the binding between ErbB4 on the blastocyst and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor on the endometrial surface enables the initial step of the blastocyst implantation. The evidence suggests that L-selectin and trophinin are included in human embryo implantation. This review summarizes findings relevant to the functions of L-selectin and trophinin in human embryo implantation, and proposes a model that reconciles these cell adhesion mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko N Fukuda
- Glycobiology Unit, Tumor Microenvironment Program, NCI Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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Sugihara K, Sugiyama D, Byrne J, Wolf DP, Lowitz KP, Kobayashi Y, Kabir-Salmani M, Nadano D, Aoki D, Nozawa S, Nakayama J, Mustelin T, Ruoslahti E, Yamaguchi N, Fukuda MN. Trophoblast cell activation by trophinin ligation is implicated in human embryo implantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:3799-804. [PMID: 17360433 PMCID: PMC1805454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611516104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During human embryo implantation, trophectoderm mediates adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium. The rapid growth of the embryo and invasion of the maternal tissue suggest adhesion-induced activation of the embryonal cells. We show here that ligation of trophinin, a homophilic cell adhesion molecule expressed on trophoblastic cells, induces tyrosine phosphorylation in trophinin-expressing trophoblastic HT-H cells. The phosphorylation could be induced in HT-H cells with the binding of trophinin-expressing cells or anti trophinin antibodies. Trophinin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation was associated with actin reorganization. We also isolated trophinin-binding peptides from phage libraries. These peptides exhibited the consensus sequence GWRQ and seemed to reproduce the effects of trophinin-mediated cell adhesion. Upon binding of a GWRQ peptide, HT-H cells became highly proliferative and motile. HT-H cells expressed ErbB family receptors and bound EGF and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), but ErbB family receptor phosphorylation in these cells required GWRQ. In the absence of GWRQ, trophinin interacted with the cytoplasmic protein bystin, which binds to ErbB4 and blocks its autophosphorylation. In HT-H cells, GWRQ peptide dissociated trophinin from bystin, and ErbB4 was activated. Culturing monkey blastocysts in the presence of the peptide increased total number and motility of the trophectoderm cells. These results suggest that trophinin-mediated cell adhesion functions as a molecular switch for trophectoderm activation in human embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sugihara
- *Cancer Research Center and
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daijiro Sugiyama
- *Cancer Research Center and
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - James Byrne
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | - Don P. Wolf
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97006
| | | | | | - Maryam Kabir-Salmani
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- *Cancer Research Center and
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shiro Nozawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- **Department of Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan; and
| | - Tomas Mustelin
- Inflammation and Infectious Disease Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 1105 Life Sciences Technology Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Michiko N. Fukuda
- *Cancer Research Center and
- To whom correspondence should be sent. E-mail:
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Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy denotes a pregnancy occurring elsewhere than in the cavity of the uterus. This pathology has been recognised for years and it causes numerous maternal deaths during the first trimester of pregnancy. While this condition is well-known in humans, it is rarely diagnosed in animals. However, the causes and mechanisms leading to an ectopic implantation of the ovum are not always clearly defined in humans or animals. Two types of ectopic pregnancy are mainly recognized: (1) tubal pregnancy occurs when an oocyte is fertilized and then remains in the oviduct and (2) abdominal pregnancy occurs when the gestation develops in the peritoneal cavity. The latter may be subdivided into two subtypes: the primary form, when a fertilized oocyte enters the peritoneal cavity and becomes attached to the mesentery or abdominal viscera, and the secondary form, which follows the rupture of an oviduct or the uterus after the fetus has been implanted, and the fetus is expelled into the peritoneal cavity. Cornual, ovarian and cervical ectopic locations are less frequent. Several differences exist in ectopic pregnancies between human beings and animal species. While abdominal pregnancy has been described in both human and animal species, tubal ectopic pregnancies would appear to be restricted to primates. Other than anecdotal cases, this pathological condition does not occur in laboratory, domestic or farm animals. Several factors are described as being the cause of these differences.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Domestic
- Animals, Laboratory
- Embryo Implantation
- Female
- Humans
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Trimester, First
- Pregnancy, Abdominal/diagnosis
- Pregnancy, Abdominal/therapy
- Pregnancy, Abdominal/veterinary
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/diagnosis
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/therapy
- Pregnancy, Ectopic/veterinary
- Pregnancy, Tubal/diagnosis
- Pregnancy, Tubal/therapy
- Pregnancy, Tubal/veterinary
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Corpa
- Departamento Atención Sanitaria, Salud Pública y Sanidad Animal (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, Edificio Seminario, Moncada (Valencia), Spain.
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