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Visser M, Müller DMJ, van Duijn RJM, Smits M, Verburg N, Hendriks EJ, Nabuurs RJA, Bot JCJ, Eijgelaar RS, Witte M, van Herk MB, Barkhof F, de Witt Hamer PC, de Munck JC. Inter-rater agreement in glioma segmentations on longitudinal MRI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101727. [PMID: 30825711 PMCID: PMC6396436 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Tumor segmentation of glioma on MRI is a technique to monitor, quantify and report disease progression. Manual MRI segmentation is the gold standard but very labor intensive. At present the quality of this gold standard is not known for different stages of the disease, and prior work has mainly focused on treatment-naive glioblastoma. In this paper we studied the inter-rater agreement of manual MRI segmentation of glioblastoma and WHO grade II-III glioma for novices and experts at three stages of disease. We also studied the impact of inter-observer variation on extent of resection and growth rate. Methods In 20 patients with WHO grade IV glioblastoma and 20 patients with WHO grade II-III glioma (defined as non-glioblastoma) both the enhancing and non-enhancing tumor elements were segmented on MRI, using specialized software, by four novices and four experts before surgery, after surgery and at time of tumor progression. We used the generalized conformity index (GCI) and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) of tumor volume as main outcome measures for inter-rater agreement. Results For glioblastoma, segmentations by experts and novices were comparable. The inter-rater agreement of enhancing tumor elements was excellent before surgery (GCI 0.79, ICC 0.99) poor after surgery (GCI 0.32, ICC 0.92), and good at progression (GCI 0.65, ICC 0.91). For non-glioblastoma, the inter-rater agreement was generally higher between experts than between novices. The inter-rater agreement was excellent between experts before surgery (GCI 0.77, ICC 0.92), was reasonable after surgery (GCI 0.48, ICC 0.84), and good at progression (GCI 0.60, ICC 0.80). The inter-rater agreement was good between novices before surgery (GCI 0.66, ICC 0.73), was poor after surgery (GCI 0.33, ICC 0.55), and poor at progression (GCI 0.36, ICC 0.73). Further analysis showed that the lower inter-rater agreement of segmentation on postoperative MRI could only partly be explained by the smaller volumes and fragmentation of residual tumor. The median interquartile range of extent of resection between raters was 8.3% and of growth rate was 0.22 mm/year. Conclusion Manual tumor segmentations on MRI have reasonable agreement for use in spatial and volumetric analysis. Agreement in spatial overlap is of concern with segmentation after surgery for glioblastoma and with segmentation of non-glioblastoma by non-experts. Inter-rater agreement for longitudinal glioma segmentation was determined. Agreement between 4 experts was higher than between 4 novices. Three time-points of glioblastoma (WHO IV) and diffuse glioma (WHO II-III) are studied. Impact on extent of resection and growth rate measurements was determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Visser
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - D M J Müller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J M van Duijn
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - N Verburg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E J Hendriks
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J A Nabuurs
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Brain Tumor Center, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J C J Bot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R S Eijgelaar
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 BE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Witte
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1006 BE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M B van Herk
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - F Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, Gower St, Bloomsbury, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - P C de Witt Hamer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J C de Munck
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Li G, Huang M, Cai Y, Yang Y, Sun X, Ke Y. Circ-U2AF1 promotes human glioma via derepressing neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 by sponging hsa-miR-7-5p. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:9144-9155. [PMID: 30341906 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for human glioma, a malignant tumor of the central nervous system, is poor due to its rapid growth, genetic heterogeneity, and inadequate understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms. Circular RNAs composed of exonic sequences, represent an understudied form of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that was discovered more than a decade ago, function as microRNA sponges. We aimed to assess the relationship between circ-U2AF1 (CircRNA ID: hsa_circ_0061868) and hsa-mir-7-5p and examine their effects on proliferation, apoptosis, and the metastatic phenotype of glioma cells regulated by neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2 (NOVA2). We found that the expression levels of circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 were upregulated, while hsa-miR-7-5p was downregulated in human glioma tissues and glioma cell lines. Our data and bioinformatic analysis indicated the association of these molecules with glioma grade, a positive correlation between circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 expression levels and a negative correlation of hsa-miR-7-5p with both circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2, respectively. In addition, silencing of circ-U2AF1 expression resulted in increased hsa-miR-7-5p expression and decreased NOVA2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Luciferase assay confirmed hsa-miR-7-5p as a direct target of circ-U2AF1 and NOVA2 as a direct target of hsa-miR-7-5p. Functionally, silencing of circ-U2AF1 inhibits glioma development by repressing NOVA2 via upregulating hsa-miR-7-5p both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we assumed that circ-U2AF1 promotes glioma malignancy via derepressing NOVA2 by sponging hsa-miR-7-5p. Taken together, we suggest that circ-U2AF1 can be a prognostic biomarker and the circ-U2AF1/hsa-miR-7-5p/NOVA2 regulatory pathway may be a novel therapeutic target for treating gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Shiyan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuantao Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The National Key Clinical Specialty, Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Guangzhou, China
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