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Kim WK, Kim J, Park J, Kim JW, Park S. Verification of Tensile Force Estimation Method for Temporary Steel Rods of FCM Bridges Based on Area of Magnetic Hysteresis Curve Using Embedded Elasto-Magnetic Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1005. [PMID: 35161748 PMCID: PMC8839100 DOI: 10.3390/s22031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The free cantilever method (FCM) is a bridge construction method in which the left and right segments are joined in sequence from a pier without using a bottom strut. To support the imbalance of the left and right moments during construction, temporary steel rods, upon which tensile force is applied that cannot be managed after construction, are embedded in the pier. If there is an excessive loss of tensile force applied to the steel rods, the segments can collapse owing to the unbalanced moment, which may cause personal and property damage. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the tensile force in the temporary steel rods to prevent such accidents. In this study, a tensile force estimation method for the temporary steel rods of an FCM bridge using embedded Elasto-Magnetic (EM) sensors was proposed. After the tensile force was applied to the steel rods, the change in tensile force was monitored according to the changing area of a magnetic hysteresis curve, as measured by the embedded EM sensors. To verify the field applicability of the proposed method, the EM sensors were installed in an FCM bridge pier under construction. The three sensors were installed in conjunction with a sheath tube, and the magnetic hysteresis curve was measured over nine months. Temperature data from the measurement period were used to compensate for the error due to daily temperature fluctuations. The estimated tensile force was consistent with an error range of ±4% when compared with the reference value measured by the load cell. Based on the results of this experiment, the applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyu Kim
- Equipment Group, Industrial Materials Team 2, Materials Division, Samsung C&T Corporation, Seoul 05510, Korea;
- Department of Convergence Engineering for Future City, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Junkyeong Kim
- Safety Inspection for Infrastructure Laboratory (SIIL), Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Park
- Department of the Civil, Architectural and Environmental System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Department of Safety Engineering, Dongguk University-Gyeongju, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Seunghee Park
- School of Civil, Architectural Engineering & Landscape Architecture, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Technical Research Center, Smart Inside AI Co., Ltd., Suwon 16419, Korea
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Corte-Leon P, Zhukova V, Chizhik A, Blanco JM, Ipatov M, Gonzalez-Legarreta L, Zhukov A. Magnetic Microwires with Unique Combination of Magnetic Properties Suitable for Various Magnetic Sensor Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E7203. [PMID: 33339238 PMCID: PMC7767316 DOI: 10.3390/s20247203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing demand to improve the performance of cost-effective soft magnetic materials for use in high performance sensors and devices. Giant Magneto-impedance effect (GMI), or fast single domain wall (DW) propagation can be observed in properly processed magnetic microwires. In this paper we have identified the routes to obtain microwires with unique combination of magnetic properties allowing observation of fast and single DW propagation and GMI effect in the same microwire. By modifying the annealing conditions, we have found the appropriate regimes allowing achievement of the highest GMI ratio and the fastest DW dynamics. The observed experimental results are discussed considering the radial distribution of magnetic anisotropy and the correlation of GMI effect, and DW dynamics with bulk and surface magnetization processes. Studies of both Fe- and Co-rich microwires, using the magneto-optical Kerr effect, MOKE, provide information on the magnetic structure in the outer shell of microwires. We have demonstrated the existence of the spiral helical structure in both studied microwires. At the same time, torsion mechanical stresses induce helical bistability in the same microwires, which allow us to consider these microwires as materials suitable for sensors based on the large Barkhausen jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Corte-Leon
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Valentina Zhukova
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Alexandr Chizhik
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Juan Maria Blanco
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Mihail Ipatov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Lorena Gonzalez-Legarreta
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento QUIPRE, Inorganic Chemistry-University of Cantabria, Nanomedice-IDIVAL, Avda. de Los Castros 46, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Arcady Zhukov
- Department Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain; (P.C.-L.); (V.Z.); (A.C.); (M.I.); (L.G.-L.)
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, EIG, Basque Country University, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibersitatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain;
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
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Hatab NA, Crane NA, Mee DK, Howell LN, Mooney LR, Hallman RL, Sepaniak MJ, Lamberti VE. Chemical Sensor Based Upon Stress-Induced Changes in the Permeability of a Magnetoelastic Wire. Anal Chem 2017. [PMID: 28644003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a chemical sensing technology, named ChIMES (Chemical Identification through Magneto-Elastic Sensing), that can detect a broad range of targets and that has the capability of untethered communication through a metallic or nonmetallic barrier. These features enable many applications in which penetrations into the sampled environment are unwanted or infeasible because of health, safety, or environmental concerns, such as following the decomposition of a dangerous material in a sealed container. The sensing element is passive and consists of a target response material hard-coupled to a magnetoelastic wire. When the response material encounters a target, it expands, imposing mechanical stress on the wire and altering its magnetic permeability. Using a remote excitation-detection coil set, the changes in permeability are observed by switching the magnetic domains in the wire and measuring the modifications in the Faraday voltage as the stress is varied. Sensors with different response materials can be arrayed and interrogated individually. We describe the sensor and its associated instrumentation, compare the performance of several types of wire, and evaluate analytical metrics of single and arrayed ChIMES sensors against a suite of volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A Hatab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Nichole A Crane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - David K Mee
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC , Y-12 National Security Complex, P.O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - L Neville Howell
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC , Y-12 National Security Complex, P.O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Larry R Mooney
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC , Y-12 National Security Complex, P.O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Russell L Hallman
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC , Y-12 National Security Complex, P.O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael J Sepaniak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee , Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Vincent E Lamberti
- Consolidated Nuclear Security, LLC , Y-12 National Security Complex, P.O Box 2009, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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