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Hager J, Sergi CM. Pediatric Echinococcosis of the Liver in Austria: Clinical and Therapeutical Considerations. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071343. [PMID: 37046561 PMCID: PMC10093495 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is considered a neglected disease in most European countries. However, migratory flows of populations, long-term stays in endemic areas, uninterrupted tourism (travel to Echinococcus-endemic countries), traveling dogs and dog translocations from endemic areas, and inappropriate hygiene practices are potential factors that alarm public health officials. Identifying a cyst-like mass in the liver or lung of an individual with a travel history of likely exposure to sheepdogs in an area where the parasite Echinococcus (E.) granulosus (sive cysticus) is endemic advocates for a prompt preliminary diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE), no matter the age of the affected individuals. Routine imaging techniques, including ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, are used to detect cysts. After a cyst has been discovered, serologic investigations are used to confirm the diagnosis. Typically, alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is found in older individuals. Yet young people are also affected because frequent oral exploration of the environment is a regular behavior for infants and toddlers. In this review, therapeutic considerations for pediatric echinococcosis—drug-based benzimidazole therapy; AE: atypical liver resection, the resection of individual or multiple segments, a right or left hemi-hepatectomy, or an extended hemi-hepatectomy; CE: PAIR-technique, cyst excision, liver segment(s) resection (laparoscopically or conventionally)—are revised following experience in one of the most affected regions of Europe. In addition, we performed a systematic review using three databases (i.e., PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus) to evaluate the quality of evidence in published studies on pediatric echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Hager
- Pediatric Surgery, University Clinic of Surgery, Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, 8440 112 St, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
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Fan H, Gai W, Zhang L, Ma Y, Wang H, Chen X, Dong J, Zhang Y, Bao H, Zhou Y, Ren L, Cairang Y, Hou L, Ren B, Wang Z, Wang Z, Song C. Parasite Circulating Cell-free DNA in the Blood of Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients as a Diagnostic and Treatment-Status Indicator. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:e246-e251. [PMID: 33146713 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious parasitic disease caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. It is the less common but substantially more deadly of the 2 major echinococcosis diseases that can occur globally but are concentrated in central Asia. METHODS We analyzed parasite circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in 149 plasma samples using a DNA sequencing-based method (105 AE, 16 cystic echinococcosis, 4 liver cancer, 4 gallstones, and 20 healthy volunteers). After identifying the Echinococcus-specific cfDNA (Em-cfDNA) sequences in the samples, we determined whether Em-cfDNA could be used for AE diagnosis and as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of surgical treatment. We also examined potential associations between Em-cfDNA levels and clinical features of AE patients. RESULTS Our work demonstrates that varying reads of Em-cfDNA were detectable in the plasma of 100% of preoperative AE patients and that all of the non-AE patients and healthy volunteers were negative. Em-cfDNA has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of AE. We also found that Em-cfDNA levels apparently have reference value for evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of surgery interventions for AE lesions. Finally, our analysis revealed that Em-cfDNA levels can reflect meaningful information about lesion size in preoperative AE patients. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that sequencing-based monitoring of Em-cfDNA can be used in the clinic as a powerful diagnostic indicator for AE. We also note that there is a strong potential for use of this liquid-biopsy method to monitor ongoing disease status in postintervention AE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Fan
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Wei Gai
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China, National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China, CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Yanyan Ma
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Haijiu Wang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Beijng Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Belling, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China, National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China, CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Haihua Bao
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Li Ren
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Yangdan Cairang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Lizhao Hou
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Bin Ren
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China, Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease Research, Xining, China
| | - Cuidan Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China, National Engineering Research Center for Beijing Biochip Technology, Beijing, China, CapitalBio Corporation, Beijing, China
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3
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Peters L, Burkert S, Grüner B. Parasites of the liver - epidemiology, diagnosis and clinical management in the European context. J Hepatol 2021; 75:202-218. [PMID: 33636243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parasites in the liver cause significant global morbidity and mortality, as they can lead to recurrent cholangitis, cirrhosis, liver failure and cancer. Due to climate change and globalisation, their incidence is increasing, especially in Europe. The correct diagnosis of a hepatic parasite is often delayed because clinicians are unfamiliar with respective entities. Therefore, in this review, we aim to provide clinicians with a comprehensive clinical picture of hepatic parasites and to bring these neglected parasitic liver diseases to the wider attention of hepatology stakeholders in Europe and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Peters
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sanne Burkert
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- University Hospital of Ulm, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Fast-Growing Alveolar Echinococcosis Following Lung Transplantation. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090756. [PMID: 32948027 PMCID: PMC7559376 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a rare but life-threatening infection caused by the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis. Its natural history is characterized by a slow parasitic growth over several years. Increased incidence and shorter development delay have been reported in immune-compromised patients. We report the reactivation of aborted lesions within 12 months of lung transplantation leading to a fast-growing aggressive hepatic lesion. Timely identification of alveolar echninococcosis allowed prompt albendazole treatment and radical surgery leading to a favorable outcome 42 months after transplantation. However, close clinical, serological and radiological monitoring is required to rule out relapses in the long term. The pre-existence of aborted self-limited lesions of alveolar echinococcosis and the possibility for their atypical rapid growth in patients undergoing profound immunosuppression should be known by healthcare providers, even if working in non-endemic areas.
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Comprehensive characterization of plasma cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in echinococcosis patients using ultra-high-throughput sequencing. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008148. [PMID: 32282820 PMCID: PMC7209354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus spp. tapeworms with over one million people affected globally at any time. The Echinococcus spp. tapeworms in the human body release DNA to the circulatory system, which can be a biomarker for echinococcosis. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is widely used in medical research and has been applied in various clinical settings. As for echinococcosis, several PCR-based tests had been trialed to detect cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma or serum, but the sensitivity was about 20% to 25%. Low sensitivity of PCR-based methods might be related to our limited understanding of the features of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma, including its concentration, fragment pattern and release source. In this study, we applied ultra-high-throughput sequencing to comprehensively investigate the characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma of echinococcosis patients. Methodology/Principal findings We collected plasma samples from 23 echinococcosis patients. Total plasma cfDNA was extracted and sequenced with a high-throughput sequencing platform. An average of 282 million read pairs were obtained for each plasma sample. Sequencing data were analyzed with bioinformatics workflow combined with Echinococcus spp. sequence database. After identification of cell-free Echinococcus spp. reads, we found that the cell-free Echinococcus spp. reads accounted for 1.8e-5 to 4.0e-9 of the total clean reads. Comparing fragment length distribution of cfDNA between Echinococcus spp. and humans showed that cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA of cystic echinococcosis (CE) had a broad length range, while that of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) had an obvious peak at about 135 bp. We found that most of the cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA reads were from the nuclear genome with an even distribution, which might indicate a random release pattern of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA. Conclusions/Significance With ultra-high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the concentration, fragment length, release source, and other characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in the plasma of echinococcosis patients. A better understanding of the characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma may facilitate their future application as a biomarker for diagnosis. Echinococcosis is one of the most neglected tropical diseases caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus spp. tapeworms, which affect both humans and livestock. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) consists of nucleic acid fragments found extracellularly and may contain DNA released from the parasites. Research shows that a variety of parasites can be detected from plasma cfDNA. Cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma or serum had been tested with PCR-based methods, but these PCR methods had low sensitivity ranged from 20% to 25%. Low sensitivity may be due to our limited understanding of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma. Here, we take advantage of high-throughput sequencing to get a comprehensive characterization of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA. Our results showed that with high-throughput sequencing we could detect cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in all samples, though at a very low level. Based on the sequencing data, we found that cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in plasma had a different fragment length distribution to cell-free human DNA, and fragment length distribution of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA is also different between cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The sequencing data can also help trace the release source of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA from the genome. According to the mapping results of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA reads, we found that most of them were from the nuclear genome rather than the mitochondrial genome, and their release position showed an even distribution on the genome. These characteristics of cell-free Echinococcus spp. DNA in echinococcosis patients’ plasma could facilitate their future application in research or clinical settings.
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Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, McManus DP. Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00075-18. [PMID: 30760475 PMCID: PMC6431127 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hepatic alveolar hydatid disease (Echinococcus multilocularis), a mimic of liver malignancy: a review for the radiologist in non-endemic areas. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:247-256. [PMID: 30755313 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar hydatid disease or alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is caused by the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis and is increasingly seen as an imported disease in non-endemic areas such as the UK. It is rare compared to cystic echinococcosis (CE), but like CE commonly affects the liver. AE does have imaging features that can aid in diagnosis, but is often initially misdiagnosed as liver malignancy. It is usually fatal if untreated, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis. This review highlights the role of imaging in AE diagnosis with the broader objective of increasing radiologists' awareness of this unusual, but increasingly prevalent disease.
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Baraquin A, Hervouet E, Richou C, Flori P, Peixoto P, Azizi A, Delabrousse E, Blagosklonov O, Umhang G, Bresson-Hadni S, Valot B, Grenouillet F, Felix S, Heyd B, Mantion G, Di Martino V, Montange D, Vanlemmens C, Vuitton DA, Weil-Verhoeven D, Chavanet P, Dalle F, Gohier S, Minello A, Piroth L, Dumortier J, Mabrut JY, Wallon M, Frentiu E, Machouart M, Watelet J, Chemla C, Feron T, Heurge-Berlot A, Sommacale D, Thiefin G, Abou-Bacar A, Brunet J, Candolfi E, Hansmann Y, Lefebvre N. Circulating cell-free DNA in patients with alveolar echinococcosis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2018; 222:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dagoglu-Kartal MG, Ciftci T, Ozer C, Akinci D, Akhan O. Case Report: Role of Interventional Radiology in the Management of Patients with Alveolar Echinococcus: Successful Management of Three Cases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:1403-1407. [PMID: 29611496 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcus (AE) is an infestation by Echinococcus multilocularis. Partial hepatectomy or liver transplantation is the first choice of treatment. However, the disease is usually diagnosed at an unresectable stage. In those cases, invasion of the bile ducts and vessels, and necrosis in the center of the lesion lead to severe complications, such as cholangitis and liver abscesses. Palliative surgery has been reported to not offer advantages in management, and percutaneous and endoscopic interventions have become more prominent in management. In this case series, outcomes in three cases with unresectable AE were reported. In one of the cases, interventional procedures were used to manage the complications after surgery. In the second case, the cystic component was aspirated to decrease the size before the surgery and in the third case, it was used to drain biliary tree and no surgery was done.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Turkmen Ciftci
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cigdem Ozer
- Numune Training and Research Hospital Radiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Devrim Akinci
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Akhan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Baraquin A, Zait H, Grenouillet FE, Moreau E, Hamrioui B, Grenouillet F. Large-scale evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test for human cystic echinococcosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017. [PMID: 28647066 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected zoonotic disease, diagnosed through clinical findings, imaging techniques, and serology, for which many serological tests are available. Here we report a rapid unit assay, the immunochromatographic VIRapid® HYDATIDOSIS test (Vircell, Granada, Spain), potentially suitable for laboratories in low-prevalence or poorly equipped areas. This test was evaluated with a large retrospective cohort (224 sera), including patients suffering from CE or from other parasitic or liver diseases. The test was also assessed in routine conditions with a prospective cohort (115 sera) in areas where both cystic and alveolar echinococcoses have been diagnosed. Its performance (in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and both positive and negative likelihood ratios) was similar to an ELISA based on a crude antigen. Our study shows that this test performs adequately in the diagnostic process, when used with caution, especially regarding cross-reactivity with other parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Baraquin
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Houria Zait
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, Mustapha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Florence-Elisabeth Grenouillet
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Elise Moreau
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Boussad Hamrioui
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, Mustapha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France; Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France.
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11
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Study on the echinococcosis blood serum detection based on Raman spectroscopy combined with neural network. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6259-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Vuitton DA, Azizi A, Richou C, Vuitton L, Blagosklonov O, Delabrousse E, Mantion GA, Bresson-Hadni S. Current interventional strategy for the treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:1179-1194. [DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2016.1240030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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