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Li L, Po S, Yao Y. Cardioneuroablation for Treating Vasovagal Syncope: Current Status and Future Directions. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2023; 12:e18. [PMID: 37457436 PMCID: PMC10345939 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2023.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Syncope is defined by transient and spontaneous loss of consciousness with rapid recovery. Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most common form of syncope and is strongly associated with hypervagotonia. There is, however, a lack of effective therapies for VVS. Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is an emerging and promising intervention for VVS with favourable outcomes. CNA has been shown to suppress excessive excitation of vagal activity through ablating the cardiac ganglionated plexi. CNA in the management of VVS requires more structured and comprehensive studies and several issues concerning patient selection, selection of ablation targets, ablation endpoints and the long-term effect of CNA are yet to be determined. This review describes its clinical applications and future directions based on current research data and the authors' own experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Li
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Sunny Po
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, US
| | - Yan Yao
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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2
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Delgado J, Huang AJ. Improving the patient experience during musculoskeletal interventional procedures. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:889-895. [PMID: 35962836 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-022-04154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the patient-centered practice of musculoskeletal interventional radiology, pre-procedure, intra-procedure, and post-procedure factors impact the patient's overall experience. Opportunities to improve the patient experience begin before the patient procedure starts, with smooth scheduling of the appointment, a positive office environment, and appropriate communication by the musculoskeletal interventional radiology staff before the procedure, including clear expectations regarding wait times. The initial conversation between the radiologist and the patient, including the informed consent process, is a crucial opportunity for creating rapport with the patient and generating trust in the radiologist. Being able to interpret a patient's verbal and non-verbal cues during this conversation can reduce anxiety and enhance relaxation. During the procedure, there are interventions which can decrease anxiety and reduce the perception of pain by the patient. These include psychological interventions such as self-induced hypnosis, communication-based interventions such as empathic communication to mold a patient's interpretation of anxiety and painful stimuli, and the use of ancillary tools such as music or video stimulation. Finally, clear post-procedure expectations regarding post-procedure pain and its management and assurances of access to the musculoskeletal interventional radiology team can facilitate an uncomplicated post-procedure recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Delgado
- Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Austen 2 Suite 210, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ambrose J Huang
- Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street Yawkey Ctr. 6th Floor, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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3
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardioneuroablation is increasingly being utilized to improve outcomes in patients with vagally mediated bradyarrhythmias. However, there are still controversial issues in the field including patient selection, safety and efficacy, and procedural end-points. AREAS COVERED In this review, the current role of cardioneuroablation is summarized, and controversial issues related to the modality are discussed. EXPERT OPINION According to small open-label cohort studies, overall freedom from syncope recurrence was higher than 90% after cardioneuroablation in patients with vasovagal syncope (VVS). Use of the electrogram-based strategy or high-frequency stimulation demonstrate similar success rate except in procedures limited to the right atrium. Based on a recently published randomized controlled trial and metanalysis, it may be possible now to make a strong recommendation for cardioneuroablation in patients <40 years of age, and those with the cardioinhibitory or mixed type of VVS who continue to experience frequent and/or burdensome syncope recurrences. Considering patients with VVS are prone to significant placebo/expectation effect, sham-controlled trials may help to quantify the placebo effect. In well-selected patients with functional atrioventricular block and sinus bradycardia, may result in encouraging medium-term outcomes. However, functional bradycardia is identified in a minority of patients presenting with high-grade atrioventricular block or sinus node dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asad Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Henry Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
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Malave B, Vrooman B. Vasovagal Reactions during Interventional Pain Management Procedures—A Review of Pathophysiology, Incidence, Risk Factors, Prevention, and Management. Med Sci (Basel) 2022; 10:medsci10030039. [PMID: 35893121 PMCID: PMC9332485 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasovagal reactions are a benign but common outcome of interventional pain management procedures that can negatively impact patient care, including aborted procedures and fear of future procedures that would otherwise help the patient. Research has been done on the incidence, risk factors, and management of vasovagal reactions resulting from such procedures, but less is known about how to prevent these reactions from occurring. In this paper, we present a literature review of the pathophysiology, incidence, risk factors, prevention, and management of vasovagal reactions during interventional pain management procedures, with an emphasis on the relative lack of research and conflicting advice on preventive measures. We found that moderate sedation and anxiolytics have been used prophylactically to prevent vasovagal reactions, but their side-effect profiles prevent them from being used commonly. Less studied is the prophylactic administration of antimuscarinics and IV fluids, despite the potential benefit of these measures and relatively low side-effect profile. We explore these topics here and offer advice for future research to fill the gaps in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Malave
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruce Vrooman
- Section of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA;
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Abado E, Aue T, Okon-Singer H. Cognitive Biases in Blood-Injection-Injury Phobia: A Review. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:678891. [PMID: 34326784 PMCID: PMC8313757 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia can lead to avoidance of crucial medical procedures and to detrimental health consequences, even among health workers. Yet unlike other specific phobias, BII phobia has been understudied. Specifically, while cognitive biases have been extensively investigated in other anxiety disorders, little is known about the same biases in BII phobia. The current article reviews cognitive biases in BII phobia and suggest future directions for further study and treatment. The reviewed biases include attention, expectancy, memory, perception, and interpretation biases. The investigation of these biases is highly relevant, as cognitive biases have been found to interact with anxiety symptoms. Results showed that attention, expectancy, and memory biases are involved in BII phobia, while no studies were found on interpretation nor perception biases. Mixed results were found for attention bias, as different studies found different components of attention bias, while others found no attention bias at all. Similarly, some studies found a-priori/a-posteriori expectancy biases, while other studies found only one type of bias. A better understanding of the cognitive particularities of BII phobia may lead to better treatments and ultimately reduce avoidance of needles and blood-related situations, thereby enabling individuals with BII phobia to undergo potentially life-saving medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor Abado
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tatjana Aue
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hadas Okon-Singer
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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6
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Carlos Pachon Mateos J, I Pachón Mateos E, Higuti C, Guilhermo Santillana Peña T, Julio Lobo T, Thiene Cunha Pachón C, Carlos Pachón Mateos J, Carlos Zerpa Acosta J, Ortencio F, Amarante R. Cardioneuroablation: Catheter Vagal Denervation as a New Therapy for Cardioinhibitory Syncope. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 2020. [DOI: 10.24207/jca.v32n3.067_in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasovagal syncope is the most frequent cause of transient loss of consciousness, especially in young people without significant heart disease. The malignant cardioinhibitory form is caused by abrupt and intense vagal reflex with or without defined triggers. Refractory cases to preventive measures and pharmacological handling has been treated with definitive pacemaker implantation. Besides showing questionable results, pacemaker implantation is highly rejected by young patients. In the late 1990s, we proposed specific vagal denervation by catheter ablation and spectral mapping, for paroxysmal AF, functional bradyarrhythmias and severe cases of malignant cardioinhibitory syncope giving rise to cardioneuroablation. Recently, many authors worldwide have been reproducing the cardioneuroablation results where elimination or significant reduction of the vagal response were observed, which abolished symptoms in more than 75% of patients followed up to 14 years, without complications. Therefore, cardioneuroablation has shown to be a real therapeutic option in malignant syncope cardioinhibitory and in any exclusive vagal mediated bradyarrhythmia without the need for pacemaker implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tasso Julio Lobo
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | | | | | - Juán Carlos Zerpa Acosta
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | - Felipe Ortencio
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
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Carlos Pachon Mateos J, I Pachón Mateos E, Higuti C, Guilhermo Santillana Peña T, Julio Lobo T, Thiene Cunha Pachón C, Carlos Pachón Mateos J, Carlos Zerpa Acosta J, Ortencio F, Amarante R. Cardioneuroablação: A Denervação Vagal por Cateter Como Nova Terapia para Síncope Cardioinibitória. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 2020. [DOI: 10.24207/jca.v32n3.067_pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A síncope vasovagal é a causa mais frequente de perda transitória de consciência, especialmente em jovens sem doença cardíaca significativa. A forma cardioinibitória maligna é causada por reflexo vagal abrupto e intenso com ou sem gatilhos definidos. Casos refratários a medidas preventivas e manuseio farmacológico foram tratados com implante definitivo de marcapasso. Além de apresentar resultados questionáveis, o implante de marcapasso é altamente rejeitado por pacientes jovens. No final dos anos 1990, propusemos uma denervação vagal específica por ablação do cateter e mapeamento espectral para FA paroxística, bradiarritmias funcionais e casos graves de síncope cardioinibitória maligna dando origem à cardioneuroablação. Recentemente, muitos autores em todo o mundo vêm reproduzindo os resultados da cardioneuroablação, onde se observou eliminação ou redução significativa da resposta vagal, o que aboliu sintomas em mais de 75% dos pacientes acompanhados por até 14 anos, sem complicações. Portanto a cardioneuroablação tem se mostrado uma verdadeira opção terapêutica na síncope cardioinibitória maligna e em qualquer bradiarritmia vagal exclusiva mediada sem a necessidade de implante de marcapasso.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tasso Julio Lobo
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | | | | | - Juán Carlos Zerpa Acosta
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | - Felipe Ortencio
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
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Sheldon RS, Lei L, Guzman JC, Kus T, Ayala-Paredes FA, Angihan J, Safdar S, Maxey C, Bennett G, Raj SR. A proof of principle study of atomoxetine for the prevention of vasovagal syncope: the Prevention of Syncope Trial VI. Europace 2019; 21:1733-1741. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
There are few effective therapies for vasovagal syncope (VVS). Pharmacological norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibition increases sympathetic tone and decreases tilt-induced syncope in healthy subjects. Atomoxetine is a potent and highly selective NET inhibitor. We tested the hypothesis that atomoxetine prevents tilt-induced syncope.
Methods and results
Vasovagal syncope patients were given two doses of study drug [randomized to atomoxetine 40 mg (n = 27) or matched placebo (n = 29)] 12 h apart, followed by a 60-min drug-free head-up tilt table test. Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and cardiac haemodynamics were recorded using non-invasive techniques and stroke volume modelling. Patients were 35 ± 14 years (73% female) with medians of 12 lifetime and 3 prior year faints. Fewer subjects fainted with atomoxetine than with placebo [10/29 vs. 19/27; P = 0.003; risk ratio 0.49 (confidence interval 0.28–0.86)], but equal numbers of patients developed presyncope or syncope (23/29 vs. 21/27). Of patients who developed only presyncope, 87% (13/15) had received atomoxetine. Patients with syncope had lower nadir mean arterial pressure than subjects with only presyncope (39 ± 18 vs. 69 ± 18 mmHg, P < 0.0001), and this was due to lower trough HRs in subjects with syncope (67 ± 30 vs. 103 ± 32 b.p.m., P = 0.006) and insignificantly lower cardiac index (2.20 ± 1.36 vs. 2.84 ± 1.05 L/min/m2, P = 0.075). There were no significant differences in stroke volume index (32 ± 6 vs. 35 ± 5 mL/m2, P = 0.29) or systemic vascular resistance index (2156 ± 602 vs. 1790 ± 793 dynes*s/cm5*m2, P = 0.72).
Conclusion
Norepinephrine transporter inhibition significantly decreased the risk of tilt-induced syncope in VVS subjects, mainly by blunting reflex bradycardia, thereby preventing final falls in cardiac index and BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Sheldon
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucy Lei
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Juan C Guzman
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Teresa Kus
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Universite de Montreal, and Hopital du Sacre-Coeur, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Jesse Angihan
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shahana Safdar
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Connor Maxey
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Graham Bennett
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Satish R Raj
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Post-procedural Care in Interventional Radiology: What Every Interventional Radiologist Should Know-Part II: Catheter Care and Management of Common Systemic Post-procedural Complications. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2017; 40:1304-1320. [PMID: 28584946 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-017-1709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interventional radiology (IR) has evolved into a full-fledged clinical specialty with attendant comprehensive patient care responsibilities. Providing excellent and thorough clinical care is as essential to the practice of IR as achieving technical success in procedures. Basic clinical skills that every interventional radiologist should learn include routine management of percutaneously inserted drainage and vascular catheters and rapid effective management of common systemic post-procedural complications. A structured approach to post-procedural care, including routine follow-up and early identification and management of complications, facilitates efficient and thorough management with an emphasis on quality and patient safety. The aim of this second part, in conjunction with part 1, is to complete the comprehensive review of post-procedural care in patients undergoing interventional radiology procedures. We discuss common problems encountered after insertion of drainage and vascular catheters and describe effective methods of troubleshooting these problems. Commonly encountered systemic complications in IR are described, and ways for immediate identification and management of these complications are provided.
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Sun L, Dong JZ, DU X, Bai R, Li S, Salim M, Ma CS. Prophylactic Atropine Administration Prevents Vasovagal Response Induced by Cryoballoon Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:551-558. [PMID: 28295425 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryoballoon (CB) ablation of pulmonary vein ostia often induces a vagal response. This prospective study was designed to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic intravenous administration of atropine on hemodynamic impairment induced by CB ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS Twenty-five patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation undergoing CB ablation were prospectively enrolled and assigned to one of two groups. First 12 patients (trial group) were administered 1 mg of atropine before deflation of the CB, while the following 13 patients (control group) were given atropine only after the onset of the hemodynamic variation (decrease in heart rate and/or blood pressure). Treatment was considered effective when the hemodynamic variations were restored. RESULTS In the trial group, three patients with transient hypotension did not require supportive care throughout the procedures, and one patient with hypotension required supportive care. In the control group, hypotension, bradycardia, and mixed bradycardia with hypotension requiring supportive care occurred in six, three, and three patients, respectively. Overall, the rate of marked vagal responses was significantly lower when prophylactic atropine was administrated (4/12 patients vs 12/13 patients, respectively; P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Atropine is significantly effective in the prevention of all types of vasovagal responses induced by CB ablation in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin DU
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Songnan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed Salim
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Bojić T, Perović VR, Glišić S. In silico Therapeutics for Neurogenic Hypertension and Vasovagal Syncope. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:520. [PMID: 26834545 PMCID: PMC4720751 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurocardiovascular diseases (NCVD) are the leading cause of death in the developed world and will remain so till 2020. In these diseases the pathologically changed nervous control of cardiovascular system has the central role. The actual NCV syndromes are neurogenic hypertension, representing the sympathetically mediated disorder, and vasovagal syncope, which is the vagally mediated disorders. Vasovagal syncope, the disease far from its etiological treatment, could benefit from recruiting and application of antimuscarinic drugs used in other parasympathetic disorders. The informational spectrum method (ISM), a method widely applied for the characterization of protein-protein interactions in the field of immunology, endocrinology and anti HIV drug discovery, was applied for the first time in the analysis of neurogenic hypertension and vasovagal syncope therapeutic targets. In silico analysis revealed the potential involvement of apelin in neurogenic hypertension. Applying the EIIP/ISM bioinformatics concept in investigation of drugs for treatment of vasovagal syncope suggests that 78% of tested antimuscarinic drugs could have anti vasovagal syncope effect. The presented results confirm that ISM is a promissing method for investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying pathophysiological proceses of NCV syndromes and discovery of therapeutics targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Bojić
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics-080, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir R Perović
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research-180, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Glišić
- Center for Multidisciplinary Research-180, Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinča, University of Belgrade Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Iyer RS, Schopp JG, Swanson JO, Thapa MM, Phillips GS. Safety Essentials: Acute Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media. Can Assoc Radiol J 2013; 64:193-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this article are to review the diagnosis and management of acute nonrenal reactions to iodinated contrast media. We will begin by discussing the types of contrast media and their correlative rates of reaction. The mechanism of contrast reactions, predisposing risk factors, and preventative measures will then be discussed. The remainder of the article will review the assessment of potential reactions, initial management, and treatment algorithms for specific reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh S. Iyer
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer G. Schopp
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan O. Swanson
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mahesh M. Thapa
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Grace S. Phillips
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and the University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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So J, Shin WJ, Shim JH. A cardiovascular collapse occurred in the beach chair position for shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia -A case report-. Korean J Anesthesiol 2013; 64:265-7. [PMID: 23560195 PMCID: PMC3611079 DOI: 10.4097/kjae.2013.64.3.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of severe hypotension and bradycardia, following placing to the beach chair position from supine during general anesthesia for repair of tendon injury of the rotator cuff of shoulder in a healthy 50 year-old man was described. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex, which is known to inhibit cardiovascular reflex and composed of three kinds of symptoms such as vasodilation, bradycardia and hypotension, has been reported mainly in peripheral nerve block, and may occur during orthostasis, hypovolemia, hemorrhage, supine inferior vena cava compression in pregnancy, interscalene block for shoulder surgery in the sitting position and so on. The bradycardia and hypotension can be more aggravated when causative elements overlaps each other. Anticholinergics and vasopressor were injected intravenously, and position of the patient was changed to the supine position immediately resulting in a normal vital signs dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun So
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Guri, Korea
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14
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Gallegos A, Márquez-Velasco R, Allende R, Gómez-Flores JR, Cázares-Campos I, González-Hermosillo A, Bojalil R, Cárdenas M, Márquez MF. Serum concentrations of nitric oxide and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) in vasovagal syncope: effect of orthostatic challenge. Int J Cardiol 2012. [PMID: 23182003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Romme JJ, Reitsma JB, Black CN, Colman N, Scholten RJ, Wieling W, Van Dijk N. Drugs and pacemakers for vasovagal, carotid sinus and situational syncope. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD004194. [PMID: 21975744 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004194.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurally mediated reflex syncope is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness. In patients not responding to non-pharmacological treatment, pharmacological or pacemaker treatment might be considered. OBJECTIVES To examine the effects of pharmacological therapy and pacemaker implantation in patients with vasovagal syncope, carotid sinus syncope and situational syncope. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) on The Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2008), PubMed (1950 until February 2008), EMBASE on OVID (1980 until February 2008) and CINAHL on EBSCOhost (1937 until February 2008). No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA We included parallel randomized controlled trials and randomized cross-over trials of pharmacological treatment (beta-blockers, fludrocortisone, alpha-adrenergic agonists, selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors, ACE inhibitors, disopyramide, anticholinergic agents or salt tablets) or dual chamber pacemaker treatment. Studies were included if pharmacological or pacemaker treatment was compared with any form of standardised control treatment (standard treatment), placebo treatment, or (other) pharmacological or pacemaker treatment. We did not include non-randomized studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias. Using a standardised data extraction form, they extracted characteristics and results of the various studies. In a consensus meeting they discussed any disagreements that had occurred during data extraction. If no agreement could be reached, a third reviewer was asked to make a decision. Summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals of treatment effect were calculated using relative risks, rate ratios or weighted means differences depending on the type of outcome reported. MAIN RESULTS We included 46 randomized studies, 40 on vasovagal syncope and six on carotid sinus syncope. No studies on situational syncope matched the criteria for inclusion in our review. Studies in general were small with a median sample size of 42. A wide range of control treatments were used with 22 studies using a placebo arm. Blinding of patients and treating physicians was applied in eight studies. Results varied considerably between studies and between types of outcomes.For vasovagal syncope, the occurrence of syncope upon provocational head-up tilt testing was lower upon treatment with beta-blockers, ACE-inhibitors and anticholinergic agents compared to standard treatment. For carotid sinus syncope, the occurrence of syncope upon carotid sinus massage was lower on midodrine treatment compared to placebo treatment in one study. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is insufficient evidence to support the use of any of the pharmacological or pacemaker treatments for vasovagal syncope and carotid sinus syncope. Larger studies using patient relevant outcomes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobus Jcm Romme
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, Room J1B-207.1, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1105 AZ
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Raviele A, Giada F, Gasparini G. Efficacy of a patient-activated pharmacologic pump using phenylephrine as active drug and prodromal symptoms as a marker of imminent loss of consciousness to abort tilt-induced syncope. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45:320-1. [PMID: 15653036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ammirati F, Colivicchi F, Santini M. Effects of intravenous etilefrine in neurocardiogenic syncope induced by head-up tilt testing. Am J Cardiol 2000; 86:472-4. [PMID: 10946050 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Ammirati
- Heart Disease Department, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome, Italy
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