1
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Ramos C, Gerakopoulos V, Oehler R. Metastasis-associated fibroblasts in peritoneal surface malignancies. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4. [PMID: 38783165 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over decades, peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs) have been associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. However, advancements in perioperative systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have significantly improved clinical outcomes. PSMs predominantly result from the spread of intra-abdominal neoplasia, which then form secondary peritoneal metastases. Colorectal, ovarian, and gastric cancers are the most common contributors. Despite diverse primary origins, the uniqueness of the peritoneum microenvironment shapes the common features of PSMs. Peritoneal metastization involves complex interactions between tumour cells and the peritoneal microenvironment. Fibroblasts play a crucial role, contributing to tumour development, progression, and therapy resistance. Peritoneal metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) in PSMs exhibit high heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology has revealed that immune-regulatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) seem to be the most prevalent subtype in PSMs. In addition, other major subtypes as myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and matrix CAFs (mCAFs) were frequently observed across PSMs studies. Peritoneal MAFs are suggested to originate from mesothelial cells, submesothelial fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and omental-resident cells. This plasticity and heterogeneity of CAFs contribute to the complex microenvironment in PSMs, impacting treatment responses. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted and local therapies to improve PSMs patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ramos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Song Q, Wang P, Wang H, Pan M, Li X, Yao Z, Wang W, Tang G, Zhou S. Integrative analysis of chromatin accessibility and transcriptome landscapes in the induction of peritoneal fibrosis by high glucose. J Transl Med 2024; 22:243. [PMID: 38443979 PMCID: PMC10916192 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal fibrosis is the prevailing complication induced by prolonged exposure to high glucose in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. METHODS To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we conducted an integrated analysis of the transcriptome and chromatin accessibility profiles of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HMrSV5) during high-glucose treatment. RESULTS Our study identified 2775 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to high glucose-triggered pathological changes, including 1164 upregulated and 1611 downregulated genes. Genome-wide DEGs and network analysis revealed enrichment in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), inflammatory response, hypoxia, and TGF-beta pathways. The enriched genes included VEGFA, HIF-1α, TGF-β1, EGF, TWIST2, and SNAI2. Using ATAC-seq, we identified 942 hyper (higher ATAC-seq signal in high glucose-treated HMrSV5 cells than in control cells) and 714 hypo (lower ATAC-seq signal in high glucose-treated HMrSV5 cells versus control cells) peaks with differential accessibility in high glucose-treated HMrSV5 cells versus controls. These differentially accessible regions were positively correlated (R = 0.934) with the nearest DEGs. These genes were associated with 566 up- and 398 downregulated genes, including SNAI2, TGF-β1, HIF-1α, FGF2, VEGFA, and VEGFC, which are involved in critical pathways identified by transcriptome analysis. Integrated ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis also revealed key transcription factors (TFs), such as HIF-1α, ARNTL, ELF1, SMAD3 and XBP1. Importantly, we demonstrated that HIF-1α is involved in the regulation of several key genes associated with EMT and the TGF-beta pathway. Notably, we predicted and experimentally validated that HIF-1α can exacerbate the expression of TGF-β1 in a high glucose-dependent manner, revealing a novel role of HIF-1α in high glucose-induced pathological changes in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study provides a comprehensive view of the role of transcriptome deregulation and chromosome accessibility alterations in high glucose-induced pathological fibrotic changes in HPMCs. This analysis identified hub genes, signaling pathways, and key transcription factors involved in peritoneal fibrosis and highlighted the novel glucose-dependent regulation of TGF-β1 by HIF-1α. This integrated approach has offered a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis and has indicated potential therapeutic targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Song
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Second People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Second People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University of People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijing Pan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuan'e Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Second People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Second People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangbo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sen Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Ozaki T, Fu HY, Onishi K, Yokoyama S, Fujita T, Tobiume A, Sofue T, Akimitsu K, Minamino T. Partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose ameliorates peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by peritoneal dialysis fluid in rats. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:125-132. [PMID: 37525525 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231184354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial dialysis method for treating end-stage kidney disease. However, its use is restricted due to high glucose-induced peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated whether partially replacing d-glucose with the rare sugar d-allose could ameliorate peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). METHODS Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were exposed to a medium containing d-glucose or d-glucose partially replaced with different concentrations of d-allose. Cell viability, oxidative stress and cytokine production were evaluated. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administrated saline, a PDF containing 4% d-glucose (PDF-G4.0%) or a PDF containing 3.6% d-glucose and 0.4% d-allose (PDF-G3.6%/A0.4%) once a day for 4 weeks. Peritoneal injury and PD efficiency were assessed using immuno-histological staining and peritoneal equilibration test, respectively. Blood glucose levels were measured over 120 min following a single injection of saline or PDFs to 24-h fasted SD rats. RESULTS In RPMCs, the partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose increased cell viability and decreased oxidative stress and cytokine production compared to d-glucose alone. Despite the PDF-G3.6%/A0.4% having a lower d-glucose concentration compared to PDF-G4.0%, there were no significant changes in osmolality. When administered to SD rats, the PDF-G3.6%/A0.4% suppressed the elevation of peritoneal thickness and blood d-glucose levels induced by PDF-G4.0%, without impacting PD efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Partial replacement of d-glucose with d-allose ameliorated peritoneal injury and hyperglycaemia induced by high concentration of d-glucose in PDF, indicating that d-allose could be a potential treatment option in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Ozaki
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Sakaide City Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Hai Ying Fu
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Keisuke Onishi
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Shota Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiology, Mizushima Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuro Fujita
- Department of Nephrology, Kaifu Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tobiume
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sofue
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akimitsu
- International Institute of Rare Sugar Research and Education & Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Minamino
- Department of Cardiorenal and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Japan
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4
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Sheng L, Shan Y, Dai H, Yu M, Sun J, Huang L, Wang F, Sheng M. Intercellular communication in peritoneal dialysis. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1331976. [PMID: 38390449 PMCID: PMC10882094 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1331976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) causes structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Peritoneal deterioration and fibrosis are multicellular and multimolecular processes. Under stimulation by deleterious factors such as non-biocompatibility of PD solution, various cells in the abdominal cavity show differing characteristics, such as the secretion of different cytokines, varying protein expression levels, and transdifferentiation into other cells. In this review, we discuss the role of various cells in the abdominal cavity and their interactions in the pathogenesis of PD. An in-depth understanding of intercellular communication and inter-organ communication in PD will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease, enabling the development of novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Shan
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huibo Dai
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Funing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- First Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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5
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Krediet RT, Parikova A. Glucose-induced pseudohypoxia and advanced glycosylation end products explain peritoneal damage in long-term peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2024; 44:6-15. [PMID: 37723976 DOI: 10.1177/08968608231196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with the development of peritoneal membrane alterations, both in morphology and function. Impaired ultrafiltration (UF) is the most important functional change, and peritoneal fibrosis is the major morphological alteration. Both are caused by the continuous exposure to dialysis solutions that are different from plasma water with regard to the buffer substance and the extremely high-glucose concentrations. Glucose has been incriminated as the major cause of long-term peritoneal membrane changes, but the precise mechanism has not been identified. We argue that glucose causes the membrane alterations by peritoneal pseudohypoxia and by the formation of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). After a summary of UF kinetics including the role of glucose transporters (GLUT), and a discussion on morphologic alterations, relationships between function and morphology and a survey of the pathogenesis of UF failure (UFF), it will be argued that impaired UF is partly caused by a reduction in small pore fluid transport as a consequence of AGE-related vasculopathy and - more importantly - in diminished free water transport due to pseudohypoxia, caused by increased peritoneal cellular expression of GLUT-1. The metabolism of intracellular glucose will be reviewed. This occurs in the glycolysis and in the polyol/sorbitol pathway, the latter is activated in case of a large supply. In both pathways the ratio between the reduced and oxidised form of nicotinamide dinucleotide (NADH/NAD+ ratio) will increase, especially because normal compensatory mechanisms may be impaired, and activate expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). The latter gene activates various profibrotic factors and GLUT-1. Besides replacement of glucose as an osmotic agent, medical treatment/prevention is currently limited to tamoxifen and possibly Renin/angiotensis/aldosteron (RAA) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Transplant Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Li J, Liu Y, Liu J. A review of research progress on mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis related to peritoneal dialysis. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220450. [PMID: 37817984 PMCID: PMC10560738 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an effective alternative treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and is increasingly being adopted and promoted worldwide. However, as the duration of peritoneal dialysis extends, it can expose problems with dialysis inadequacy and ultrafiltration failure. The exact mechanism and aetiology of ultrafiltration failure have been of great concern, with triggers such as biological incompatibility of peritoneal dialysis solutions, uraemia toxins, and recurrent intraperitoneal inflammation initiating multiple pathways that regulate the release of various cytokines, promote the transcription of fibrosis-related genes, and deposit extracellular matrix. As a result, peritoneal fibrosis occurs. Exploring the pathogenic factors and molecular mechanisms can help us prevent peritoneal fibrosis and prolong the duration of Peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin’e Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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7
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Li S, Luo C, Chen S, Zhuang Y, Ji Y, Zeng Y, Zeng Y, He X, Xiao J, Wang H, Chen X, Long H, Peng F. Brahma-related gene 1 acts as a profibrotic mediator and targeting it by micheliolide ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:639. [PMID: 37726857 PMCID: PMC10510267 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive peritoneal fibrosis is a worldwide public health concern impacting patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), yet there is no effective treatment. Our previous study revealed that a novel compound, micheliolide (MCL) inhibited peritoneal fibrosis in mice. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) is a key contributor to organ fibrosis, but its potential function in PD-related peritoneal fibrosis and the relationship between MCL and BRG1 remain unknown. METHODS The effects of MCL on BRG1-induced fibrotic responses and TGF-β1-Smads pathway were examined in a mouse PD model and in vitro peritoneal mesothelial cells. To investigate the targeting mechanism of MCL on BRG1, coimmunoprecipitation, MCL-biotin pulldown, molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay were performed. RESULTS BRG1 was markedly elevated in a mouse PD model and in peritoneal mesothelial cells cultured in TGF-β1 or PD fluid condition. BRG1 overexpression in vitro augmented fibrotic responses and promoted TGF-β1-increased-phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Meanwhile, knockdown of BRG1 diminished TGF-β1-induced fibrotic responses and blocked TGF-β1-Smad2/3 pathway. MCL ameliorated BRG1 overexpression-induced peritoneal fibrosis and impeded TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway both in a mouse PD model and in vitro. Mechanically, MCL impeded BRG1 from recognizing and attaching to histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation by binding to the asparagine (N1540) of BRG1, in thus restraining fibrotic responses and TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway. After the mutation of N1540 to alanine (N1540A), MCL was unable to bind to BRG1 and thus, unsuccessful in suppressing BRG1-induced fibrotic responses and TGF-β1-Smad2/3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that BRG1 may be a crucial mediator in peritoneal fibrosis and MCL targeting N1540 residue of BRG1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy to combat PD-related peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Congwei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Yiyi Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yue Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yiqun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaoyang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Haibo Long
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Fenfen Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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8
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Lee Y, Lee J, Park M, Seo A, Kim KH, Kim S, Kang M, Kang E, Yoo KD, Lee S, Kim DK, Oh KH, Kim YS, Joo KW, Yang SH. Inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 inhibition ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22632. [PMID: 36468785 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200784r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an irreversible complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that leads to loss of peritoneal membrane function. We investigated PD effluent and serum levels and the tissue expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 8 (CCL8) in patients with PD. Additionally, we investigated their association with PF in a mouse model. Eighty-two end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with PD were examined. CCL8 levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in PD effluents and serum and analyzed with peritoneal transport parameters. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (hPMCs) were obtained from the PD effluents of 20 patients. Primary cultured hPMCs were treated with recombinant (r) transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and CCL8 expression was assessed via western blotting. As the duration of PD increased, the concentration of CCL8 in PD effluents significantly increased. Correlations between peritoneal transport parameters and dialysate CCL8 levels were observed. Western blotting analysis showed that CCL8 was upregulated via rTGF-β treatment, accompanied by increases in markers of inflammation, fibrosis, senescence, and apoptosis in hPMCs after induction of fibrosis with rTGF-β. Anti-CCL8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment suppressed the rTGF-β-induced increase in all analyzed markers. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that CCL8 along with fibrosis- and inflammation-related markers were significantly increased in the PF mouse model. Functional blockade of CCL8 using a CCR8 inhibitor (R243) abrogated peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. In conclusion, high CCL8 levels in PD effluents may be associated with an increased risk of PD failure, and the CCL8 pathway is associated with PF. CCL8 blockade can ameliorate peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyoung Park
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Seo
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyeon Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Don Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Involvement of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Inflammatory Response in Human Mesothelial Cells from Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112184. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have related mitochondrial impairment with peritoneal membrane damage during peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. Here, we assessed the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the inflammatory response in human mesothelial cells, a hallmark in the pathogenesis of PD-related peritoneal membrane damage. Our ex vivo studies showed that IL-1β causes a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential in cells from peritoneal effluent. Moreover, when mitochondrial damage was induced by inhibitors of mitochondrial function, a low-grade inflammatory response was generated. Interestingly, mitochondrial damage sensitized mesothelial cells, causing a significant increase in the inflammatory response induced by cytokines, in which ROS generation and NF-κB activation appear to be involved, since inflammation was counteracted by both mitoTEMPO (mitochondrial ROS scavenger) and BAY-117085 (NF-κB inhibitor). Furthermore, the natural anti-inflammatory antioxidant resveratrol significantly attenuated the inflammatory response, by reversing the decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and decreasing the expression of IL-8, COX-2 and PGE2 caused by IL-1β. These findings suggest that IL-1β regulates mitochondrial function in mesothelial cells and that mitochondrial dysfunction could induce an inflammatory scenario that sensitizes these cells, causing significant amplification of the inflammatory response induced by cytokines. Resveratrol may represent a promising strategy in controlling the mesothelial inflammatory response to PD.
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10
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Huang Q, Xiao R, Lu J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Gao J, Sun J, Wang H. Endoglin aggravates peritoneal fibrosis by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973182. [PMID: 36210850 PMCID: PMC9537553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an intractable complication in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key pro-fibrogenic factor involved in PD-associated PF, and endoglin, as a coreceptor for TGF-β, plays a role in balancing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Here, we investigated whether endoglin could be a potential therapeutic target for PF.Methods:In vivo, we established PF model in SD rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) containing 4.25% glucose for 6 weeks and downregulated endoglin expression by tail vein injection of AAV9-ENG on day 14 to assess the effect of endoglin on peritoneal morphology and markers related to fibrosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) transfected with ENG siRNA in high glucose medium to explore the potential mechanism of endoglin in PF.Results: Compared to control group, continuous exposure to biologically incompatible PDF induced exacerbated PF, accompanied by a significant increase in endoglin expression. Conversely, knockdown of endoglin ameliorated peritoneal injury characterized by increased peritoneal thickening and collagen deposition, angiogenesis, as well as EMT. Consistently, HPMCs cultured in high glucose medium underwent the EMT process and exhibited over-expression of fibronectin, collagen type I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas these aforementioned alterations were alleviated after ENG siRNA transfection. In addition, we also found that ENG siRNA inhibited TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/9 in HPMCs treated with high glucose (HG).Conclusion: Our findings confirmed for the first time that endoglin exacerbated PF by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling, which will provide a novel potential therapeutic target in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
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11
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Cumulative dialytic glucose exposure is a risk factor for peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis in pediatric patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis using neutral-pH fluids. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2431-2445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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12
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Kopytina V, Pascual-Antón L, Toggweiler N, Arriero-País EM, Strahl L, Albar-Vizcaíno P, Sucunza D, Vaquero JJ, Steppan S, Piecha D, López-Cabrera M, González-Mateo GT. Steviol glycosides as an alternative osmotic agent for peritoneal dialysis fluid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:868374. [PMID: 36052133 PMCID: PMC9424724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.868374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement technique that requires repeated exposure of the peritoneum to hyperosmolar PD fluids (PDFs). Unfortunately, it promotes alterations of the peritoneal membrane (PM) that affects its functionality, including mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT) of mesothelial cells (MCs), inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. Glucose is the most used osmotic agent, but it is known to be at least partially responsible, together with its degradation products (GDP), for those changes. Therefore, there is a need for more biocompatible osmotic agents to better maintain the PM. Herein we evaluated the biocompatibility of Steviol glycosides (SG)-based fluids. Methods: The ultrafiltration and transport capacities of SG-containing and glucose-based fluids were analyzed using artificial membranes and an in vivo mouse model, respectively. To investigate the biocompatibility of the fluids, Met-5A and human omental peritoneal MCs (HOMCs) were exposed in vitro to different types of glucose-based PDFs (conventional 4.25% glucose solution with high-GDP level and biocompatible 2.3% glucose solution with low-GDP level), SG-based fluids or treated with TGF-β1. Mice submitted to surgery of intraperitoneal catheter insertion were treated for 40 days with SG- or glucose-based fluids. Peritoneal tissues were collected to determine thickness, MMT, angiogenesis, as well as peritoneal washings to analyze inflammation. Results: Dialysis membrane experiments demonstrated that SG-based fluids at 1.5%, 1%, and 0.75% had a similar trend in weight gain, based on curve slope, as glucose-based fluids. Analyzing transport capacity in vivo, 1% and 0.75% SG-based fluid-exposed nephrectomized mice extracted a similar amount of urea as the glucose 2.3% group. In vitro, PDF with high-glucose (4.25%) and high-GDP content induced mesenchymal markers and angiogenic factors (Snail1, Fibronectin, VEGF-A, FGF-2) and downregulates the epithelial marker E-Cadherin. In contrast, exposition to low-glucose-based fluids with low-GDP content or SG-based fluids showed higher viability and had less MMT. In vivo, SG-based fluids preserved MC monolayer, induced less PM thickness, angiogenesis, leukocyte infiltration, inflammatory cytokines release, and MMT compared with glucose-based fluids. Conclusion: SG showed better biocompatibility as an osmotic agent than glucose in vitro and in vivo, therefore, it could alternatively substitute glucose in PDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kopytina
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Toggweiler
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Eva-María Arriero-País
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lisa Strahl
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurter, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Patricia Albar-Vizcaíno
- Department of Nephrology, IdiPAZ Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Vaquero
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonja Steppan
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Dorothea Piecha
- Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH, St. Wendel, Germany
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel López-Cabrera, ; Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo,
| | - Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo
- Department of Immunology, Molecular Biology Research Center Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nephrology, IdiPAZ Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Manuel López-Cabrera, ; Guadalupe-Tirma González-Mateo,
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13
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Krediet RT. Aging of the Peritoneal Dialysis Membrane. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885802. [PMID: 35574465 PMCID: PMC9096116 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis as currently performed, causes structural and functional alterations of the peritoneal dialysis membrane. This decay is brought about by the continuous exposure to commercially available glucose-based dialysis solutions. This review summarizes our knowledge on the peritoneum in the initial phase of PD, during the first 2 years and the alterations in function and morphology in long-term PD patients. The pseudohypoxia hypothesis is discussed and how this glucose-induced condition can be used to explain all peritoneal alterations in long-term PD patients. Special attention is paid to the upregulation of hypoxia inducing factor-1 and the subsequent stimulation of the genes coding for glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) and the growth factors transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), plasminogen growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). It is argued that increased pseudohypoxia-induced expression of GLUT-1 in interstitial fibroblasts is the key factor in a vicious circle that augments ultrafiltration failure. The practical use of the protein transcripts of the upregulated growth factors in peritoneal dialysis effluent is considered. The available and developing options for prevention and treatment are examined. It is concluded that low glucose degradation products/neutral pH, bicarbonate buffered solutions with a combination of various osmotic agents all in low concentration, are currently the best achievable options, while other accompanying measures like the use of RAAS inhibitors and tamoxifen may be valuable. Emerging developments include the addition of alanyl glutamine to the dialysis solution and perhaps the use of nicotinamide mononucleotide, available as nutritional supplement.
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14
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Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094831. [PMID: 35563220 PMCID: PMC9102299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.
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15
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Krediet RT. Acquired Decline in Ultrafiltration in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Glucose. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2408-2415. [PMID: 34321252 PMCID: PMC8722789 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration is essential in peritoneal dialysis (PD) for maintenance of euvolemia, making ultrafiltration insufficiency-preferably called ultrafiltration failure-an important complication. The mechanisms of ultrafiltration and ultrafiltration failure are more complex than generally assumed, especially after long-term treatment. Initially, ultrafiltration failure is mainly explained by a large number of perfused peritoneal microvessels, leading to a rapid decline of the crystalloid osmotic gradient, thereby decreasing aquaporin-mediated free water transport. The contribution of peritoneal interstitial tissue to ultrafiltration failure is limited during the first few years of PD, but becomes more important in long-term PD due to the development of interstitial fibrosis, which mainly consists of myofibroblasts. A dual hypothesis has been developed to explain why the continuous exposure of peritoneal tissues to the extremely high dialysate glucose concentrations causes progressive ultrafiltration decline. First, glucose absorption causes an increase of the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio, also called pseudohypoxia. Intracellular hypoxia stimulates myofibroblasts to produce profibrotic and angiogenetic factors, and the glucose transporter GLUT-1. Second, the increased GLUT-1 expression by myofibroblasts increases glucose uptake in these cells, leading to a reduction of the osmotic gradient for ultrafiltration. Reduction of peritoneal glucose exposure to prevent this vicious circle is essential for high-quality, long-term PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T. Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Correspondence: Prof. Raymond T. Krediet, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Huang G, Wang Y, Shi Y, Ma X, Tao M, Zang X, Qi Y, Qiao C, Du L, Sheng L, Zhuang S, Liu N. The prognosis and risk factors of baseline high peritoneal transporters on patients with peritoneal dialysis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8628-8644. [PMID: 34309202 PMCID: PMC8435427 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between baseline high peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) and the prognosis of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. The present study combined clinical data and basic experiments to investigate the impact of baseline PSTR and the underlying molecular mechanisms. A total of 204 incident CAPD patients from four PD centres in Shanghai between 1 January 2014 and 30 September 2020 were grouped based on a peritoneal equilibration test after the first month of dialysis. Analysed with multivariate Cox and logistic regression models, baseline high PSTR was a significant risk factor for technique failure (AHR 5.70; 95% CI 1.581 to 20.548 p = 0.008). Baseline hyperuricemia was an independent predictor of mortality (AHR 1.006 95%CI 1.003 to 1.008, p < 0.001) and baseline high PSTR (AOR 1.007; 95%CI 1.003 to 1.012; p = 0.020). Since uric acid was closely related to high PSTR and adverse prognosis, the in vitro experiments were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of which uric acid affected peritoneum. We found hyperuricemia induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells by activating TGF‐β1/Smad3 signalling pathway and nuclear transcription factors. Conclusively, high baseline PSTR induced by hyperuricaemia through EMT was an important reason of poor outcomes in CAPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guansen Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujuan Zang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Punan Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Masola V, Bonomini M, Onisto M, Ferraro PM, Arduini A, Gambaro G. Biological Effects of XyloCore, a Glucose Sparing PD Solution, on Mesothelial Cells: Focus on Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2282. [PMID: 34209455 PMCID: PMC8308380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-based solutions remain the most used osmotic agents in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but unavoidably they contribute to the loss of peritoneal filtration capacity. Here, we evaluated at a molecular level the effects of XyloCore, a new PD solution with a low glucose content, in mesothelial and endothelial cells. Cell viability, integrity of mesothelial and endothelial cell membrane, activation of mesothelial and endothelial to mesenchymal transition programs, inflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated by several techniques. Results showed that XyloCore preserves mesothelial and endothelial cell viability and membrane integrity. Moreover XyloCore, unlike glucose-based solutions, does not exert pro-fibrotic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic effects. Overall, the in vitro evidence suggests that XyloCore could represent a potential biocompatible solution promising better outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masola
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. d’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, SS.Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Onisto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
| | - Pietro Manuel Ferraro
- U.O.S. Terapia Conservativa della Malattia Renale Cronica, U.O.C. Nefrologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00178 Rome, Italy;
- Dipartimento Universitario di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Arduino Arduini
- R&D Department, Iperboreal Pharma Srl, 65122 Pescara, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine, Piazzale A. Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy;
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18
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Shi Y, Hu Y, Cui B, Zhuang S, Liu N. Vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2021; 42:25-38. [PMID: 33823711 DOI: 10.1177/08968608211004683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal diseases, which is limited by peritoneal neoangiogenesis leading to ultrafiltration failure (UFF). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors are key angiogenic factors involved in almost every step of peritoneal neoangiogenesis. Impaired mesothelial cells are the major sources of VEGF in the peritoneum. The expression of VEGF will be up-regulated in specific pathological conditions in PD patients, such as with non-biocompatible peritoneal dialysate, uremia and inflammation, and so on. Other working cells (i.e. vascular endothelial cells, macrophages and adipocytes) can also stimulate the secretion of VEGF. Meanwhile, hypoxia and activation of complement system further aggravate peritoneal injury and contribute to neoangiogenesis. There are several signalling pathways participating in VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis including tumour growth factor-β, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Moreover, VEGF is highly expressed in dialysate effluent of long-term PD patients and is associated with peritoneal transport function, which supports its role in the alteration of peritoneal structure and function. In this review, we systematically summarize the angiogenic effect of VEGF and evaluate it as a potential target for the prevention of peritoneal neoangiogenesis and UFF. Preservation of the peritoneal membrane using targeted therapy of VEGF-mediated peritoneal neoangiogenesis may increase the longevity of the PD modality for those who require life-long dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Terri M, Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Cordani M, Tripodi M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis: Focus on Immune Cells-Peritoneal Stroma Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607204. [PMID: 33854496 PMCID: PMC8039516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is characterized by abnormal production of extracellular matrix proteins leading to progressive thickening of the submesothelial compact zone of the peritoneal membrane. This process may be caused by a number of insults including pathological conditions linked to clinical practice, such as peritoneal dialysis, abdominal surgery, hemoperitoneum, and infectious peritonitis. All these events may cause acute/chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which undergoes progressive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy. Among the cellular processes implicated in these peritoneal alterations is the generation of myofibroblasts from mesothelial cells and other cellular sources that are central in the induction of fibrosis and in the subsequent functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Myofibroblast generation and activity is actually integrated in a complex network of extracellular signals generated by the various cellular types, including leukocytes, stably residing or recirculating along the peritoneal membrane. Here, the main extracellular factors and the cellular players are described with emphasis on the cross-talk between immune system and cells of the peritoneal stroma. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful for setup of therapies aimed at counteracting the deterioration as well as restoring the homeostasis of the peritoneal membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA) Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Lopez-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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20
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction Plays a Relevant Role in Pathophysiology of Peritoneal Membrane Damage Induced by Peritoneal Dialysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030447. [PMID: 33805753 PMCID: PMC7998819 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Preservation of the peritoneal membrane is an essential determinant of the long-term outcome of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PD-related peritoneal membrane injury. We hypothesized that mitochondria may be implicated in the mechanisms that initiate and sustain peritoneal membrane damage in this setting. Hence, we carried out ex vivo studies of effluent-derived human mesothelial cells, which disclosed a significant increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in mesothelial cells with a fibroblast phenotype, compared to those preserving an epithelial morphology. In addition, in vitro studies of omentum-derived mesothelial cells identified mtROS as mediators of the EMT process as mitoTEMPO, a selective mtROS scavenger, reduced fibronectin protein expression induced by TGF-ß1. Moreover, we quantified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in the supernatant of effluent PD solutions, disclosing a direct correlation with small solute transport characteristics (as estimated from the ratio dialysate/plasma of creatinine at 240 min), and an inverse correlation with peritoneal ultrafiltration. These results suggest that mitochondria are involved in the EMT that human peritoneal mesothelial cells suffer in the course of PD therapy. The level of mtDNA in the effluent dialysate of PD patients could perform as a biomarker of PD-induced damage to the peritoneal membrane.
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21
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Wang J, Wang Y, Lou Y, Cui W, Zhang Y, Dong W, Sun J, Miao L. Effect of aquaporin 1 on mouse peritoneal mesothelial cells after a long-term peritoneal dialysis. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 25:88-96. [PMID: 32311233 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is one member of the aquaporin family, also the deeply studied one. It is widely located on the endothelial cells, but the effect of AQP1 on the peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) after long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) has not been reported before. We divided normal mice into two groups, control group and dialysis group, to confirm the fibrotic changes and expression of APQ1 on peritoneal mesothelial cells. Then we assigned normal mice and AQP1 knockout mice into four groups: Control group, normal dialysis group, AQP1 knockout control group and AQP1 knockout dialysis group. The two dialysis groups received 4.25% glucose dialysis for 28 days. We found that mice in both dialysis groups showed peritoneal fibrotic changes, which were most severe in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group; the peritoneal thickness in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group was also thicker than that in the dialysis group (P < .05). We used electron microscopy to detect ultrastructural changes and observed changes in microvilli and vacuolar degeneration in mesothelial cells from all groups except the control group. The basement membranes were damaged in the AQP1 knockout dialysis group, and peritoneal mesothelial cells were disrupted and detached in this group. Together our findings indicate that AQP1 plays an important role in maintaining the physiological functions of peritoneal mesothelial cells, and AQP1 can protect mesothelial cells during dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenpeng Dong
- Department of Hemodialysis Center, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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22
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Yang B, Wang M, Tong X, Ankawi G, Sun L, Yang H. Experimental models in peritoneal dialysis (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:240. [PMID: 33603848 PMCID: PMC7851610 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the most commonly used dialysis methods and plays an important role in maintaining the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, long-term PD treatment is associated with adverse effects on the structure and function of peritoneal tissue, which may lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure, resulting in dialysis failure and eventually PD withdrawal. In order to prevent the occurrence of these effects, the important issues that need to be tackled are improvement of ultrafiltration, protection of peritoneal function and extension of dialysis time. In basic PD research, a reasonable experimental model is key to the smooth progress of experiments. A good PD model should not only simulate the process of human PD as accurately as possible, but also help researchers to understand the evolution process and pathogenesis of various complications related to PD treatment. To better promote the clinical application of PD technology, the present review will summarize and evaluate the in vivo PD experimental models available, thus providing a reference for relevant PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fuyang Fourth People's Hospital, Fuyang, Anhui 236000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Tong
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Ghada Ankawi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, P.R. China
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23
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Piccapane F, Bonomini M, Castellano G, Gerbino A, Carmosino M, Svelto M, Arduini A, Procino G. A Novel Formulation of Glucose-Sparing Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions with l-Carnitine Improves Biocompatibility on Human Mesothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010123. [PMID: 33374405 PMCID: PMC7795315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main reason why peritoneal dialysis (PD) still has limited use in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) lies in the fact that the currently used glucose-based PD solutions are not completely biocompatible and determine, over time, the degeneration of the peritoneal membrane (PM) and consequent loss of ultrafiltration (UF). Here we evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel formulation of dialytic solutions, in which a substantial amount of glucose is replaced by two osmometabolic agents, xylitol and l-carnitine. The effect of this novel formulation on cell viability, the integrity of the mesothelial barrier and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated on human mesothelial cells grown on cell culture inserts and exposed to the PD solution only at the apical side, mimicking the condition of a PD dwell. The results were compared to those obtained after exposure to a panel of dialytic solutions commonly used in clinical practice. We report here compelling evidence that this novel formulation shows better performance in terms of higher cell viability, better preservation of the integrity of the mesothelial layer and reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This new formulation could represent a step forward towards obtaining PD solutions with high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Piccapane
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Department of Medicine, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Carmosino
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
| | - Maria Svelto
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Arduino Arduini
- Department of Research and Development, CoreQuest Sagl, Technopole, 6928 Manno, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppe Procino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy; (F.P.); (A.G.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Do JY, Kim YL, Park JW, Chang KA, Lee SH, Ryu DH, Kim CD, Park SH, Yoon KW. The Association between the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor–to–Cancer Antigen 125 Ratio in Peritoneal Dialysis Effluent and the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080802803s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined peritoneal growth factors, mesothelial mass, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to peritoneal exposure to peritoneal dialysate with standard and low concentrations of glucose degradation products (GDPs). We randomized 56 incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients to receive either low-GDP (30 patients) or high-GDP (standard) peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution (26 patients). The effects of the PD solutions on EMT and peritoneal growth factors in overnight dialysate effluent were compared at 1, 6, and 12 months. Assessment of EMT was performed after human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were cultured from overnight effluent. The low-GDP solution group showed significantly higher dialysate levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), fibronectin, transforming growth factor β(TGFβ)–induced gene product (βig-h3), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but the rate of EMT was significantly lower in the low-GDP solution group during the initial 12 months of CAPD treatment. After adjusting peritoneal growth factors for dialysate CA125 concentration, the low-GDP solution group showed significantly lower ratios of fibronectin/CA125, βig-h3/CA125, IL-6/CA125, TGFβ/CA125, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/CA125 than did patients in the high-GDP (standard) solution group. Factors associated with higher EMT were the type of solution (high in GDPs), the mass of HPMCs (low CA125), and higher VEGF/CA125. Adjustment of dialysate VEGF for effluent CA125 revealed a significant association with EMT. It suggests that fibroblastoid transition from HPMCs could be affected by the intraperitoneal VEGF per unit mass of HPMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Do
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Yeungnam University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ae Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Han Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chan-Duk Kim
- Yeungnam University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Park
- Yeungnam University Hospital, and Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyung-Woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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25
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IL-17A as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101361. [PMID: 32987705 PMCID: PMC7598617 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. There is no cure for CKD, and patients may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a current replacement therapy option for ESRD patients until renal transplantation can be achieved. One important problem in long-term PD patients is peritoneal membrane failure. The mechanisms involved in peritoneal damage include activation of the inflammatory and immune responses, associated with submesothelial immune infiltrates, angiogenesis, loss of the mesothelial layer due to cell death and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, and collagen accumulation in the submesothelial compact zone. These processes lead to fibrosis and loss of peritoneal membrane function. Peritoneal inflammation and membrane failure are strongly associated with additional problems in PD patients, mainly with a very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the inflammatory mediators involved in peritoneal damage, cytokine IL-17A has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases, including CKD. Although IL-17A is the hallmark cytokine of Th17 immune cells, many other cells can also produce or secrete IL-17A. In the peritoneum of PD patients, IL-17A-secreting cells comprise Th17 cells, γδ T cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. Experimental studies demonstrated that IL-17A blockade ameliorated peritoneal damage caused by exposure to PD fluids. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances on the role of IL-17A in peritoneal membrane injury during PD and other PD-associated complications.
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26
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Balzer MS. Molecular pathways in peritoneal fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109778. [PMID: 32926960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease that is equivalent to hemodialysis with respect to adequacy, mortality, and other outcome parameters, yet providing superior quality-of-life measures and cost savings. However, long-term usage of the patient's peritoneal membrane as a dialyzer filter is unphysiological and leads to peritoneal fibrosis, which is a major factor of patient morbidity and PD technique failure, resulting in a transfer to hemodialysis or death. Peritoneal fibrosis pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and the fibrotic process itself. Frequently, inflammation precedes membrane fibrosis development, although a bidirectional relationship of one inducing the other exists. This review aims at highlighting the histopathological definition of peritoneal fibrosis, outlining the interplay of fibrosis, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), delineating important fibrogenic pathways involving Smad-dependent and Smad-independent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as well as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling, and summarizing historic and recent studies of inflammatory pathways involving NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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27
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Kang DH. Loosening of the mesothelial barrier as an early therapeutic target to preserve peritoneal function in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2020; 39:136-144. [PMID: 32576713 PMCID: PMC7321674 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotype transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells (MCs) including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is regarded as an early mechanism of peritoneal dysfunction and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD), producing proinflammatory and pro-fibrotic milieu in the intra-peritoneal cavity. Loosening of intercellular tight adhesion between adjacent MCs as an initial process of EMT creates the environment where mesothelium and submesothelial tissue are more vulnerable to the composition of bio-incompatible dialysates, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, down-regulation of epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin facilitates de novo acquisition of mesenchymal phenotypes in MCs and production of extracellular matrices. Major mechanisms underlying the EMT of MCs include induction of oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the local renin-angiotensin system. Another mechanism of peritoneal EMT is mitigation of intrinsic defense mechanisms such as the peritoneal antioxidant system and anti-fibrotic peptide production in the peritoneal cavity. In addition to use of less bio-incompatible dialysates and optimum treatment of peritonitis in PD, therapies to prevent or alleviate peritoneal EMT have demonstrated a favorable effect on peritoneal function and structure, suggesting that EMT can be an early interventional target to preserve peritoneal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk-Hee Kang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Si M, Wang Q, Li Y, Lin H, Luo D, Zhao W, Dou X, Liu J, Zhang H, Huang Y, Lou T, Hu Z, Peng H. Inhibition of hyperglycolysis in mesothelial cells prevents peritoneal fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/495/eaav5341. [PMID: 31167927 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Progressive peritoneal fibrosis affects patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) and has no reliable treatment. The mechanisms that initiate and sustain peritoneal fibrosis remain incompletely elucidated. To overcome these problems, we developed a strategy that prevents peritoneal fibrosis by suppressing PD-stimulated mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). We evaluated single-cell transcriptomes of mesothelial cells obtained from normal peritoneal biopsy and effluent from PD-treated patients. In cells undergoing MMT, we found cellular heterogeneity and intermediate transition states associated with up-regulation of enzymes involved in glycolysis. The expression of glycolytic enzymes was correlated with the development of MMT. Using gene expression profiling and metabolomics analyses, we confirmed that PD fluid induces metabolic reprogramming, characterized as hyperglycolysis, in mouse peritoneum. We found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can substitute for PD fluid to stimulate hyperglycolysis, suppressing mitochondrial respiration in mesothelial cells. Blockade of hyperglycolysis with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) inhibited TGF-β1-induced profibrotic cellular phenotype and peritoneal fibrosis in mice. We developed a triad of adeno-associated viruses that overexpressed microRNA-26a and microRNA-200a while inhibiting microRNA-21a to target hyperglycolysis and fibrotic signaling. Intraperitoneal injection of the viral triad inhibited the development of peritoneal fibrosis induced by PD fluid in mice. We conclude that hyperglycolysis is responsible for MMT and peritoneal fibrogenesis, and this aberrant metabolic state can be corrected by modulating microRNAs in the peritoneum. These results could provide a therapeutic strategy to combat peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Si
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.,Nephrology Division, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yin Li
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wenbo Zhao
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xianrui Dou
- Nephrology Division, Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528300, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology and Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tanqi Lou
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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29
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Roumeliotis S, Dounousi E, Salmas M, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V. Unfavorable Effects of Peritoneal Dialysis Solutions on the Peritoneal Membrane: The Role of Oxidative Stress. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050768. [PMID: 32423139 PMCID: PMC7277773 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main limitations to successful long-term use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) as a renal replacement therapy is the harmful effects of PD solutions to the structure and function of the peritoneal membrane (PM). In PD, the PM serves as a semipermeable membrane that, due to exposure to PD solutions, undergoes structural alterations, including peritoneal fibrosis, vasculopathy, and neoangiogenesis. In recent decades, oxidative stress (OS) has emerged as a novel risk factor for mortality and cardiovascular disease in PD patients. Moreover, it has become evident that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and development of the chronic, progressive injury of the PM. In this review, we aimed to present several aspects of OS in PD patients, including the pathophysiologic effects on the PM, clinical implications, and possible therapeutic antioxidant strategies that might protect the integrity of PM during PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Marios Salmas
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2310-994-694
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30
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Witowski J, Jörres A. Technological Advances in Peritoneal Dialysis Research Peritoneal Cell Culture: Fibroblasts. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts have been traditionally viewed as providing little more than a structural lattice for other cell types. However, recent data indicate that fibroblasts play a key and early role in many pathophysiological processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, and neoplasia. Moreover, depending on the anatomical location, fibroblasts display significant functional heterogeneity. Therefore, it is important to study the subpopulation of fibroblasts derived exactly from the organ of interest rather than to extrapolate the observations made in other fibroblast subsets. Cell culture provides a powerful tool for studying the role of fibroblasts in various contexts. In this review, we describe procedures for establishing and identifying primary cultures of human peritoneal fibroblasts. We also briefly discuss the potential involvement of peritoneal fibroblasts in peritoneal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Witowski
- Department of Pathophysiology,
University Medical School, Poznań, Poland
| | - Achim Jörres
- Department of Nephrology and Medical
Intensive Care, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus
Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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31
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López-Cabrera M, Aguilera A, Aroeira LS, Ramírez-Huesca M, Pérez-Lozano ML, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Bajo MA, Peso del G, Sánchez-Tomero JA, Selgas R. Ex Vivo Analysis of Dialysis Effluent-Derived Mesothelial Cells as an Approach to Unveiling the Mechanism of Peritoneal Membrane Failure. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080602600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneum is exposed to bioincompatible dialysis fluids, which causes progressive fibrosis and angiogenesis and, ultimately, ultrafiltration failure. In addition, repeated episodes of peritonitis or hemoperitoneum may accelerate all these processes. Fibrosis has been classically considered the main cause of peritoneal membrane functional decline. However, in parallel with fibrosis, the peritoneum also displays increases in capillary number (angiogenesis) and vasculopathy in response to PD. Nowadays, there is emerging evidence pointing to peritoneal microvasculature as the main factor responsible for increased solute transport and ultrafiltration failure. However, the pathophysiologic mechanism(s) involved in starting and maintaining peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis remain(s) elusive. Peritoneal stromal fibroblasts have been considered (for many years) the cell type mainly involved in structural and functional alterations of the peritoneum; whereas mesothelial cells have been considered mere victims of peritoneal injury caused by PD. Recently, ex vivo cultures of effluent-derived mesothelial cells, in conjunction with immunohistochemical analysis of peritoneal biopsies from PD patients, have identified mesothelial cells as culprits, at least in part, in peritoneal membrane deterioration. This review discusses recent findings that suggest new peritoneal myofibroblastic cells may arise from local conversion of mesothelial cells by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during the repair responses that take place in PD. The transdifferentiated mesothelial cells may retain a permanent mesenchymal state, as long as initiating stimuli persist, and contribute to PD-induced fibrosis and angiogenesis, and hence to membrane failure. Future therapeutic interventions could be designated in order to prevent or reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, or its pernicious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abelardo Aguilera
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid
| | - Luiz S. Aroeira
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafael Selgas
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Paz
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32
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Zhang J, Oh KH, Xu H, Margetts PJ. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Undergoing Transdifferentiation. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080802800513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo analyze gene expression of localized peritoneal tissue structures in a rodent model of peritoneal fibrosis.MethodsFemale Sprague Dawley rats were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of an adenovirus expressing active transforming growth factor-beta or control adenovirus. Four and 7 days after infection, animals were sacrificed and frozen sections of parietal peritoneum were subjected to immunofluorescence-aided laser capture microdissection in order to isolate vascular, mesothelial, and submesothelial structures. RNA was extracted from microdissected tissue and gene expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcript polymerase chain reaction. We analyzed genes involved in angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, and fibrosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression was analyzed with immunohistochemistry of formalin-fixed tissue.ResultsTransforming growth factor-β1induced expression of Snail and alpha-smooth muscle actin genes in the peritoneal mesothelium. This same cell population also demonstrated increased gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. The distribution of this growth factor was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The fibrogenic growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, was also strongly induced in the peritoneal mesothelium.ConclusionsUsing immunofluorescence-aided laser capture microdissection, we were able to study gene expression in subcompartments of the peritoneal tissue. We demonstrated that mesothelial cells exhibiting mesenchymal transdifferentiation are associated with increased expression of genes associated with fibrosis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J. Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Padwal M, Liu L, Margetts PJ. The role of WNT5A and Ror2 in peritoneal membrane injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3481-3491. [PMID: 32052562 PMCID: PMC7131918 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients on peritoneal dialysis are at risk of developing peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis, which can lead to dysfunction of the peritoneal membrane. Recent evidence has identified cross‐talk between transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) and the WNT/β‐catenin pathway to induce fibrosis and angiogenesis. Limited evidence exists describing the role of non‐canonical WNT signalling in peritoneal membrane injury. Non‐canonical WNT5A is suggested to have different effects depending on the receptor environment. WNT5A has been implicated in antagonizing canonical WNT/β‐catenin signalling in the presence of receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor (Ror2). We co‐expressed TGFB and WNT5A using adenovirus and examined its role in the development of peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. Treatment of mouse peritoneum with AdWNT5A decreased the submesothelial thickening and angiogenesis induced by AdTGFB. WNT5A appeared to block WNT/β‐catenin signalling by inhibiting phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) and reducing levels of total β‐catenin and target proteins. To examine the function of Ror2, we silenced Ror2 in a human mesothelial cell line. We treated cells with AdWNT5A and observed a significant increase in fibronectin compared with AdWNT5A alone. We also analysed fibronectin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in a TGFB model of mesothelial cell injury. Both fibronectin and VEGF were significantly increased in response to Ror2 silencing when cells were exposed to TGFB. Our results suggest that WNT5A inhibits peritoneal injury and this is associated with a decrease in WNT/β‐catenin signalling. In human mesothelial cells, Ror2 is involved in regulating levels of fibronectin and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Padwal
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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34
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Parikova A, Hruba P, Krejcik Z, Stranecky V, Franekova J, Krediet RT, Viklicky O. Peritoneal dialysis induces alterations in the transcriptome of peritoneal cells before detectible peritoneal functional changes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F229-F237. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00274.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with functional and structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Inflammation may be the key moment, and, consequently, fibrosis may be the end result of chronic inflammatory reaction. The objective of the present study was to identify genes involved in peritoneal alterations during PD by comparing the transcriptome of peritoneal cells in patients with short- and long-term PD. Peritoneal effluent of the long dwell of patients with stable PD was centrifuged to obtain peritoneal cells. The gene expression profiles of peritoneal cells using microarray between patients with short- and long-term PD were compared. Based on microarray analysis, 31 genes for quantitative RT-PCR validation were chosen. A 4-h peritoneal equilibration test was performed on the day after the long dwell. Transport parameters and protein appearance rates were assessed. Genes involved in the immune system process, immune response, cell activation, and leukocyte and lymphocyte activation were found to be substantially upregulated in the long-term group. Quantitative RT-PCR validation showed higher expression of CD24, lymphocyte antigen 9 ( LY9), TNF factor receptor superfamily member 4 ( TNFRSF4), Ig associated-α ( CD79A), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7 ( CCR7), carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 ( CEACAM1), and IL-2 receptor-α ( IL2RA) in patients with long-term PD, with CD24 having the best discrimination ability between short- and long-term treatment. A relationship between CD24 expression and genes for collagen and matrix formation was shown. Activation of CD24 provoked by pseudohypoxia due to extremely high glucose concentrations in dialysis solutions might play the key role in the development of peritoneal membrane alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Parikova
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Hruba
- Transplant Laboratory, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Krejcik
- Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stranecky
- Institute of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Janka Franekova
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Raymond T. Krediet
- Department of Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ondrej Viklicky
- Department of Nephrology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Expression of XBP1s in peritoneal mesothelial cells is critical for inflammation-induced peritoneal fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19043. [PMID: 31836774 PMCID: PMC6911080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal inflammation is the most important determinant of peritoneal fibrosis in patients with long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Spliced x-box binding protein-1 (XBP1s), a major proximal effector of unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling, plays an indispensable role in inflammation. Our study demonstrated that the inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) dose- and time-dependently induced XBP1s upregulation and interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion, as well as the expression of the fibrotic marker fibronectin. However, these effects were prevented by the IRE1 endonuclease inhibitor STF083010 since it time-dependently reduced IL-1β-induced Xbp1 mRNA splicing, XBP1s protein expression, inflammatory factor IL-6 secretion and the expression of the fibrotic marker fibronectin in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). The overexpression and knockdown of XBP1s in HPMCs had a similar effect on fibronectin expression. In a rat model of peritoneal inflammation, STF083010 significantly attenuated chlorhexidine digluconate-induced XBP1s and α-smooth muscle actin expression, as well as fibrotic tissue proliferation, in the peritoneum. Our results suggest that XBP1s is a strong pathogenic factor that mediates inflammation-induced peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis.
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36
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Activation of General Control Nonderepressible-2 Kinase Ameliorates Glucotoxicity in Human Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells, Preserves Their Integrity, and Prevents Mesothelial to Mesenchymal Transition. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120832. [PMID: 31817562 PMCID: PMC6995539 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with infections, ultrafiltration failure due to the toxicity of glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions is the Achilles’ heel of PD method. Triggered by the protective effect of general control nonderepressible-2 (GCN-2) kinase activation against high-glucose conditions in other cell types, we evaluated whether the same occurs in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. We activated GCN-2 kinase with halofuginone or tryptophanol, and assessed the impact of this intervention on glucose transporter-1, glucose transporter-3, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-1, glucose influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the events that result in glucotoxicity. These involve the inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the diversion of upstream glycolytic products to the aldose pathway (assessed by D-sorbitol), the lipid synthesis pathway (assessed by protein kinase C activity), the hexosamine pathway (determined by O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine-modified proteins), and the advanced glycation end products generation pathway (assessed by methylglyoxal). Then, we examined the production of the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8 (IL-8). Cell apoptosis was assessed by cleaved caspase-3, and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT) was evaluated by α-smooth muscle actin protein. High-glucose conditions increased glucose transporters, glucose influx, ROS, all the high-glucose-induced harmful pathways, TGF-β1 and IL-8, cell apoptosis, and MMT. Halofuginone and tryptophanol inhibited all of the above high glucose-induced alterations, indicating that activation of GCN-2 kinase ameliorates glucotoxicity in human peritoneal mesothelial cells, preserves their integrity, and prevents MMT. Whether such a strategy could be applied in the clinic to avoid ultrafiltration failure in PD patients remains to be investigated.
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Su W, Wang H, Feng Z, Sun J. Nitro-oleic acid inhibits the high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells and attenuates peritoneal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F457-F467. [PMID: 31760768 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00425.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an electrophilic nitroalkene fatty acid, nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) exerts multiple biological effects that contribute to anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and antiapoptosis. However, little is known about the role of OA-NO2 in peritoneal fibrosis. Thus, in the present study, we examined the effects of OA-NO2 on the high glucose (HG)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and evaluated the morphological and immunohistochemical changes in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. In in vitro experiments, we found that HG reduced the expression level of E-cadherin and increased Snail, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin expression levels in HPMCs. The above-mentioned changes were attenuated by pretreatment with OA-NO2. Additionally, OA-NO2 also inhibited HG-induced activation of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, OA-NO2 inhibited HG-induced phosphorylation of Erk and JNK. The results from the in vivo experiments showed that OA-NO2 notably relieved peritoneal fibrosis by decreasing the thickness of the peritoneum; it also inhibited expression of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, and vimentin and enhanced expression of E-cadherin in the peritoneum. Collectively, these results suggest that OA-NO2 inhibits the HG-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HPMCs and attenuates peritoneal dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
| | - ZiYan Feng
- Department of Dialysis, JuanCheng People's Hospital, Heze, Shangdong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shangdong, China
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38
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Kim YC, Kim KH, Lee S, Jo JW, Park JY, Park MS, Tsogbadrakh B, Lee JP, Lee JW, Kim DK, Oh KH, Jang IJ, Kim YS, Cha RH, Yang SH. ST2 blockade mitigates peritoneal fibrosis induced by TGF-β and high glucose. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6872-6884. [PMID: 31397957 PMCID: PMC6787438 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an intractable complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that leads to peritoneal membrane failure. This study investigated the role of suppression of tumorigenicity (ST)2 in PF using patient samples along with mouse and cell‐based models. Baseline dialysate soluble (s)ST2 level in patients measured 1 month after PD initiation was 2063.4 ± 2457.8 pg/mL; patients who switched to haemodialysis had elevated sST2 levels in peritoneal effluent (1576.2 ± 199.9 pg/mL, P = .03), which was associated with PD failure (P = .04). Baseline sST2 showed good performance in predicting PD failure (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.780, P = .001). In mice with chlorhexidine gluconate‐induced PF, ST2 was expressed in fibroblasts and mesothelial cells within submesothelial zones. In primary cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), transforming growth factor‐β treatment increased ST2, fibronectin, β‐galactosidase and Snail protein levels and decreased E‐cadherin level. Anti‐ST2 antibody administration reversed the up‐regulation of ST2 and fibronectin expression; it also reduced fibrosis induced by high glucose (100 mmol/L) in HPMCs. Thus, high ST2 level in dialysate is a marker for fibrosis and inflammation during peritoneal injury, and blocking ST2 may be an effective therapeutic strategy for renal preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Hong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sunhwa Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Jo
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Mi-Seon Park
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Nephrology Clinic, National Cancer Center, Ilsan, Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook-Hwan Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ran-Hui Cha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Schaefer B, Bartosova M, Macher-Goeppinger S, Sallay P, Vörös P, Ranchin B, Vondrak K, Ariceta G, Zaloszyc A, Bayazit AK, Querfeld U, Cerkauskiene R, Testa S, Taylan C, VandeWalle J, Yap Y, Krmar RT, Büscher R, Mühlig AK, Drozdz D, Caliskan S, Lasitschka F, Fathallah-Shaykh S, Verrina E, Klaus G, Arbeiter K, Bhayadia R, Melk A, Romero P, Warady BA, Schaefer F, Ujszaszi A, Schmitt CP. Neutral pH and low-glucose degradation product dialysis fluids induce major early alterations of the peritoneal membrane in children on peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2019; 94:419-429. [PMID: 29776755 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of peritoneal dialysates with low-glucose degradation products on peritoneal membrane morphology is largely unknown, with functional relevancy predominantly derived from experimental studies. To investigate this, we performed automated quantitative histomorphometry and molecular analyses on 256 standardized peritoneal and 172 omental specimens from 56 children with normal renal function, 90 children with end-stage kidney disease at time of catheter insertion, and 82 children undergoing peritoneal dialysis using dialysates with low-glucose degradation products. Follow-up biopsies were obtained from 24 children after a median peritoneal dialysis of 13 months. Prior to dialysis, mild parietal peritoneal inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and vasculopathy were present. After up to six and 12 months of peritoneal dialysis, blood microvessel density was 110 and 93% higher, endothelial surface area per peritoneal volume 137 and 95% greater, and submesothelial thickness 23 and 58% greater, respectively. Subsequent peritoneal changes were less pronounced. Mesothelial cell coverage was lower and vasculopathy advanced, whereas lymphatic vessel density was unchanged. Morphological changes were accompanied by early fibroblast activation, leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, diffuse podoplanin presence, epithelial mesenchymal transdifferentiation, and by increased proangiogenic and profibrotic cytokine abundance. These transformative changes were confirmed by intraindividual comparisons. Peritoneal microvascular density correlated with peritoneal small-molecular transport function by uni- and multivariate analysis. Thus, in children on peritoneal dialysis neutral pH dialysates containing low-glucose degradation products induce early peritoneal inflammation, fibroblast activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and marked angiogenesis, which determines the PD membrane transport function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betti Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Sallay
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Vörös
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bruno Ranchin
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Femme Mere Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitario Vall d' Hebrón, Universitat Autonoma, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariane Zaloszyc
- Department of Pediatrics 1, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aysun K Bayazit
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, University of Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rimante Cerkauskiene
- Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Children's Diseases, Lithuania
| | - Sara Testa
- Pediatric Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Christina Taylan
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescent's Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, Germany
| | - Johan VandeWalle
- Pediatric Nephrology, Utopaed, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium
| | - YokChin Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafael T Krmar
- Division of Pediatrics, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rainer Büscher
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Anne K Mühlig
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Dorota Drozdz
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Salim Caliskan
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sahar Fathallah-Shaykh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Enrico Verrina
- Dialysis Unit, Pediatric Nephrology and Dialysis Division, IRCCS Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genoa, Italy
| | - Günter Klaus
- KfH Pediatric Kidney Center, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Arbeiter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Philipp Romero
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg
| | | | - Franz Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akos Ujszaszi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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40
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Bartosova M, Schaefer B, Vondrak K, Sallay P, Taylan C, Cerkauskiene R, Dzierzega M, Milosevski-Lomic G, Büscher R, Zaloszyc A, Romero P, Lasitschka F, Warady BA, Schaefer F, Ujszaszi A, Schmitt CP. Peritoneal Dialysis Vintage and Glucose Exposure but Not Peritonitis Episodes Drive Peritoneal Membrane Transformation During the First Years of PD. Front Physiol 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 31001140 PMCID: PMC6455046 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of peritoneal dialysis (PD) associated peritonitis on peritoneal membrane integrity is incompletely understood. Children are particularly suited to address this question, since they are largely devoid of preexisting tissue damage and life-style related alterations. Within the International Peritoneal Biobank, 85 standardized parietal peritoneal tissue samples were obtained from 82 children on neutral pH PD fluids with low glucose degradation product (GDP) content. 37 patients had a history of peritonitis and 16 of the 37 had two or more episodes. Time interval between tissue sampling and the last peritonitis episode was 9 (4, 36) weeks. Tissue specimen underwent digital imaging and molecular analyses. Patients with and without peritonitis were on PD for 21.0 (12.0, 36.0) and 12.8 (7.3, 27.0) months (p = 0.053), respectively. They did not differ in anthropometric or histomorphometric parameters [mesothelial coverage, submesothelial fibrosis, blood, and lymphatic vascularization, leukocyte, macrophage and activated fibroblast counts, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), podoplanin positivity and vasculopathy]. VEGF and TGF-ß induced pSMAD abundance were similar. Similar findings were also obtained after matching for age and PD vintage and a subgroup analysis according to time since last peritonitis (<3, <6, >6 months). In patients with more than 24 months of PD vintage, submesothelial thickness, vessel number per mmm section length and ASMA fibroblast positivity were higher in patients with peritonitis history; only the difference in ASMA positivity persisted in multivariable analyses. While PD duration and EMT were independently associated with submesothelial thickness, and glucose exposure and EMT with peritoneal vessel density in the combined groups, submesothelial thickness was independently associated with EMT in the peritonitis free patients, and with duration of PD in patients with previous peritonitis. This detailed analysis of the peritoneal membrane in pediatric patients on PD with neutral pH, low GDP fluids, does not support the notion of a consistent long-term impact of peritonitis episodes on peritoneal membrane ultrastructure, on inflammatory and fibrotic cell activity and EMT. Peritoneal alterations are mainly driven by PD duration, dialytic glucose exposure, and associated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betti Schaefer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karel Vondrak
- Department of Pediatrics, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Sallay
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christina Taylan
- Pediatric Nephrology, Children's and Adolescent's Hospital, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Maria Dzierzega
- Department of Pediatric Emergency, Medicine University Hospital, Polish-American Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Rainer Büscher
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Children's Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Ariane Zaloszyc
- Department of Pediatrics 1, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philipp Romero
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schaefer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Akos Ujszaszi
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Biomaterial Implants in Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair: A Review on the Importance of the Peritoneal Interface. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have long been used to repair defects in the clinical setting, which has led to the development of a wide variety of new materials tailored to specific therapeutic purposes. The efficiency in the repair of the defect and the safety of the different materials employed are determined not only by the nature and structure of their components, but also by the anatomical site where they will be located. Biomaterial implantation into the abdominal cavity in the form of a surgical mesh, such as in the case of abdominal hernia repair, involves the contact between the foreign material and the peritoneum. This review summarizes the different biomaterials currently available in hernia mesh repair and provides insights into a series of peculiarities that must be addressed when designing the optimal mesh to be used in this interface.
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42
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Han SM, Ryu HM, Suh J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Choi S, Kim YL, Huh JY, Ha H. Network-based integrated analysis of omics data reveal novel players of TGF-β1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30728376 PMCID: PMC6365569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with progressive fibrosis of the peritoneum. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells is an important mechanism involved in peritoneal fibrosis, and TGF-β1 is considered central in this process. However, targeting currently known TGF-β1-associated pathways has not proven effective to date. Therefore, there are still gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-associated EMT and peritoneal fibrosis. We conducted network-based integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to systemically characterize the molecular signature of TGF-β1-stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). To increase the power of the data, multiple expression datasets of TGF-β1-stimulated human cells were employed, and extended based on a human functional gene network. Dense network sub-modules enriched with differentially expressed genes by TGF-β1 stimulation were prioritized and genes of interest were selected for functional analysis in HPMCs. Through integrated analysis, ECM constituents and oxidative stress-related genes were shown to be the top-ranked genes as expected. Among top-ranked sub-modules, TNFAIP6, ZC3H12A, and NNT were validated in HPMCs to be involved in regulation of E-cadherin, ZO-1, fibronectin, and αSMA expression. The present data shows the validity of network-based integrated analysis in discovery of novel players in TGF-β1-induced EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells, which may serve as new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Suh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Krediet RT. Ultrafiltration Failure Is a Reflection of Peritoneal Alterations in Patients Treated With Peritoneal Dialysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1815. [PMID: 30618825 PMCID: PMC6306483 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) failure is a common and important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), especially in long-term patients without residual urine production, because it often causes overhydration, which is an important cause of death in this population. The current review provides an overview of the pathways of peritoneal fluid transport, followed by the mechanisms and causes of UF failure. The egression of circulating fluid to the tissue compartment and its subsequent re-uptake by the colloid osmotic pressure are markedly influenced by PD, because the dialysis solutions contain glucose as a low molecular weight agent causing removal of fluid from the circulation by crystalloid osmosis. Pores involved in transcapillary UF consist of inter-endothelial small pores and the intra-endothelial water channel aquaporin-1. The former allows transport of plasma fluid with dissolved low molecular weight solutes and accounts for 60% of the filtered volume, the latter transports 40% as pure water. This free water transport (FWT) is driven by the crystalloid pressure gradient, while small pore fluid transport (SPFT) is dependent on both hydrostatic and crystalloid osmotic pressure. The number of perfused peritoneal microvessels as assessed by small solute transport parameters, is differently associated with UF: a positive relationship is present with SPFT, but a negative one with FWT, because the effect of more vessels is counteracted by a faster disappearance rate of glucose. Ultrafiltration failure can be present shortly after the start of PD, for instance due to mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Late UF failure develops in 21% of long-term patients. Both FWT and SPFT can be affected. Patients with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis have severely impaired FWT, probably due to interference of interstitial collagen-1 with the crystalloid osmotic gradient. This mechanism may also apply to other patients with reduced FWT. Those with mainly impaired SPFT likely have a reduced hydrostatic filtration pressure due to vasculopathy. Deposition of advanced glycosylation end products is probably important in the development of this vasculopathy. It can be concluded that long-term UF failure may affect both SPFT and FWT. Vasculopathy is important in the former, interstitial fibrosis in the latter. Measurements of peritoneal transport function should include separate assessments of small pore-and FWT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond T Krediet
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Alatab S, Shekarchian S, Najafi I, Moghadasali R, Ahmadbeigi N, Pourmand MR, Bolurieh T, Jaroughi N, Pourmand G, Aghdami N. Systemic Infusion of Autologous Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Feasibility and Safety. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:483-495. [PMID: 30123994 PMCID: PMC6099152 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regarded as a new therapeutic approach for improving fibrotic diseases.
the aim of this study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of systemic infusion of autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs
(AD-MSCs) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with expected peritoneal fibrosis.
Materials and Methods This study was a prospective, open-label, non-randomized, placebo-free, phase I clinical trial. Case
group consisted of nine eligible renal failure patients with more than two years of history of being on PD. Autologous AD-MSCs
were obtained through lipoaspiration and expanded under good manufacturing practice conditions. Patients received
1.2 ± 0.1×106 cell/kg of AD-MSCs via cubital vein and then were followed for six months at time points of baseline, and then 3
weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks and 24 weeks after infusion. Clinical, biochemical and peritoneal equilibration test (PET)
were performed to assess the safety and probable change in peritoneal solute transport parameters.
Results No serious adverse events and no catheter-related complications were found in the participants. 14 minor
reported adverse events were self-limited or subsided after supportive treatment. One patient developed an episode
of peritonitis and another patient experienced exit site infection, which did not appear to be related to the procedure. A
significant decrease in the rate of solute transport across peritoneal membrane was detected by PET (D/P cr=0.77 vs.
0.73, P=0.02).
Conclusion This study, for the first time, showed the feasibility and safety of AD-MSCs in PD patients and the potentials
for positive changes in solute transport. Further studies with larger samples, longer follow-up, and randomized blind control
groups to elucidate the most effective route, frequency and dose of MSCs administration, are necessary (Registration Number:
IRCT2015052415841N2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Alatab
- Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroosh Shekarchian
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Najafi
- Urology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Cell-based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tina Bolurieh
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Jaroughi
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pourmand
- Urology Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Roles of the TGF-β⁻VEGF-C Pathway in Fibrosis-Related Lymphangiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092487. [PMID: 30142879 PMCID: PMC6163754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels drain excess tissue fluids to maintain the interstitial environment. Lymphatic capillaries develop during the progression of tissue fibrosis in various clinical and pathological situations, such as chronic kidney disease, peritoneal injury during peritoneal dialysis, tissue inflammation, and tumor progression. The role of fibrosis-related lymphangiogenesis appears to vary based on organ specificity and etiology. Signaling via vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, VEGF-D, and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-3 is a central molecular mechanism for lymphangiogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key player in tissue fibrosis. TGF-β induces peritoneal fibrosis in association with peritoneal dialysis, and also induces peritoneal neoangiogenesis through interaction with VEGF-A. On the other hand, TGF-β has a direct inhibitory effect on lymphatic endothelial cell growth. We proposed a possible mechanism of the TGF-β–VEGF-C pathway in which TGF-β promotes VEGF-C production in tubular epithelial cells, macrophages, and mesothelial cells, leading to lymphangiogenesis in renal and peritoneal fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is also involved in fibrosis-associated renal lymphangiogenesis through interaction with VEGF-C, in part by mediating TGF-β signaling. Further clarification of the mechanism might lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat fibrotic diseases.
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Guo R, Hao G, Bao Y, Xiao J, Zhan X, Shi X, Luo L, Zhou J, Chen Q, Wei X. MiR-200a negatively regulates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells by targeting ZEB1/2 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1087-F1095. [PMID: 29357421 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00566.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells was recognized as the key process of peritoneal fibrosis, which is a major cause of peritoneal failure related to peritoneal dialysis (PD), mechanisms underlying these processes remain largely unknown. In this study, we found that miR-200a was significantly downregulated in peritoneal tissues with fibrosis in a rat model of PD. In vitro, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced EMT, identified by de novo expression of α-smooth muscle actin and a loss of E-cadherin in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), was associated with downregulation of miR-200a but upregulation of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1/2 (ZEB1/2), suggesting a close link between miR-200a and ZEB1/2 in TGF-β1-induced EMT. It was further demonstrated that miR-200a was able to bind to the 3′UTR of ZEB1/2, and overexpression of miR-200a blocked TGF-β1-induced upregulation of ZEB1/2 and, therefore, inhibited EMT and collagen expression. In contrast, overexpression ZEB1/2 blocked miR-200a inhibition of EMT and collagen expression in HMPCs. In conclusion, miR-200a could negatively regulate TGF-β1-induced EMT by targeting ZEB1/2 in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Blockade of EMT in HPMCS indicates the therapeutic potential of miR-200a as a treatment for peritoneal fibrosis associated with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runsheng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guojun Hao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital/Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xintian Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Laimin Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinkai Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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47
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Padwal M, Cheng G, Liu L, Boivin F, Gangji AS, Brimble KS, Bridgewater D, Margetts PJ. WNT signaling is required for peritoneal membrane angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1036-F1045. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00497.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site family (WNT) signaling pathway is involved in wound healing and fibrosis. We evaluated the WNT signaling pathway in peritoneal membrane injury. We assessed WNT1 protein expression in the peritoneal effluents of 54 stable peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and WNT-related gene expression in ex vivo mesothelial cell cultures from 21 PD patients. In a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated animal model of peritoneal fibrosis, we evaluated regulation of the WNT pathway and the effect of WNT inhibition on peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. WNT1 and WNT2 gene expression were positively correlated with peritoneal membrane solute transport in PD patients. In the mouse peritoneum, TGF-β-induced peritoneal fibrosis was associated with increased expression of WNT2 and WNT4. Peritoneal β-catenin protein was significantly upregulated after infection with adenovirus expressing TGF-β (AdTGF-β) along with elements of the WNT signaling pathway. Treatment with a β-catenin inhibitor (ICG-001) in mice with AdTGF-β-induced peritoneal fibrosis resulted in attenuation of peritoneal angiogenesis and reduced vascular endothelial growth factor. Similar results were also observed with the WNT antagonist Dickkopf-related protein (DKK)-1. In addition to this, DKK-1 blocked epithelial-mesenchymal transition and increased levels of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. We provide evidence that WNT signaling is active in the setting of experimental peritoneal fibrosis and WNT1 correlates with patient peritoneal membrane solute transport in PD patients. Intervention in this pathway is a possible therapy for peritoneal membrane injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manreet Padwal
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Genyang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix Boivin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azim S. Gangji
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Peter J. Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Rossi L, Battistelli C, de Turris V, Noce V, Zwergel C, Valente S, Moioli A, Manzione A, Palladino M, Bordoni V, Domenici A, Menè P, Mai A, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 in mesothelial cells limits cellular invasion and promotes MMT reversal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8492. [PMID: 29855565 PMCID: PMC5981641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological alteration of the peritoneal membrane occurring in a variety of conditions including peritoneal dialysis (PD), post-surgery adhesions and peritoneal metastases. The acquisition of invasive and pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of MMT, a cell-specific form of EMT, plays a main role in this process. Aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, key components of the epigenetic machinery, in counteracting MMT observed in MCs isolated from effluent of PD patients. HDAC inhibitors with different class/isoform selectivity have been used for pharmacological inhibition. While the effect of other inhibitors was limited to a partial E-cadherin re-expression, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor, promoted: (i) downregulation of mesenchymal markers (MMP2, Col1A1, PAI-1, TGFβ1, TGFβRI) (ii) upregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, Occludin), (iii) reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology and (iv) marked reduction of cellular invasiveness. Results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Mechanistically, MS-275 causes: (i) increase of nuclear histone H3 acetylation (ii) rescue of the acetylation profile on E-cadherin promoter, (iii) Snail functional impairment. Overall, our study, pinpointing a role for HDAC1, revealed a new player in the regulation of peritoneal fibrosis, providing the rationale for future therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rossi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Noce
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Palladino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Domenici
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy.
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49
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Wang Q, Yang X, Xu Y, Shen Z, Cheng H, Cheng F, Liu X, Wang R. RhoA/Rho-kinase triggers epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mesothelial cells and contributes to the pathogenesis of dialysis-related peritoneal fibrosis. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14397-14412. [PMID: 29581852 PMCID: PMC5865678 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) with associated peritoneal dysfunction is almost invariably observed in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are pro-oxidant compounds produced in excess during the metabolism of glucose and are present in high levels in standard PD solutions. The GTPase RhoA has been implicated in PF, but its specific role remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the effects of RhoA/Rho-kinase signaling in AGEs-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), and evaluated morphological and molecular changes in a rat model of PD-related PF. Activation of RhoA/Rho-kinase and activating protein-1 (AP-1) was assessed in HPMCs using pull-down and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, respectively, while expression of transforming growth factor-β, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot. AGEs exposure activated Rho/Rho-kinase in HPMCs and upregulated EMT-related genes via AP-1. These changes were prevented by the Rho-kinase inhibitors fasudil and Y-27632, and by the AP-1 inhibitor curcumin. Importantly, fasudil normalized histopathological and molecular alterations and preserved peritoneal function in rats. These data support the therapeutic potential of Rho-kinase inhibitors in PD-related PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenwei Shen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fajuan Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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50
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Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a successfully used method for renal replacement therapy. However, long-term PD may be associated with peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. The key factors linked to their appearance are repeated episodes of inflammation associated with peritonitis and long-term exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. Different strategies have been proposed to preserve the peritoneal membrane. This article reviews the functional and structural alterations related to PD and strategies whereby we may prevent them to preserve the peritoneal membrane. The use of new, more biocompatible, PD solutions is promising, although further morphologic studies in patients using these solutions are needed. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to be efficacious and strongly should be considered. Other agents have been proven in experimental studies, but most of them have not yet been tested appropriately in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Auxiliadora Bajo
- Home Dialysis Unit, Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- University Autónoma of Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Spanish Renal Research Network, Reina Sofia Institute for Nephrology Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Teitelbaum
- Home Dialysis Program, University of Colorado Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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