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Rosselló GC, Carmel J, Pead M, Lacosta VV, Lafuente P. Comparison of post-operative outcomes after open or closed surgical techniques to stabilize metacarpal and metatarsal fractures in dogs and cats. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:300. [PMID: 35927668 PMCID: PMC9351189 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKFROUND Treatment options for metacarpal/metatarsal fractures include conservative and surgical management. The aim of this study is to determine whether there is any significant difference in healing and complication rates, between open and closed treatment. Medical records of dogs and cats with metacarpal/metatarsal fractures with complete follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were allocated in two groups: open or closed stabilization. Minor and major complications were recorded and compared. Fracture healing was classified as good, delayed and non-union, and it was statistically compared. RESULTS Sixty-three patients (35 dogs and 28 cats) were included. Thirty-one were treated with an open approach and 32 by a closed stabilization. Regarding fracture healing a significantly higher proportion of delayed healing/non-union was found in the closed group (12/32 vs 2/31). Regarding postoperative complications, a significantly higher number of animals in the open group did not develop any complications (12/31 vs 3/32). A significantly higher proportion of minor complications were reported in the closed group (27/32 vs 12/31). However, a higher number of major complications was reported in the open group (7/31 vs 2/32) although this was not statistically significant. Fracture malalignment was significantly more prevalent in patients undergoing closed stabilization (11/32 vs 2/31). CONCLUSION According to the results, better healing, fracture alignment and a lower complication rate are found when fractures are stabilised with an open technique. However, other factors such as configuration of the fracture, soft tissue involvement, patient´s character and client´s situation would also need to be taken into account in the decision of stabilization technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Carbonell Rosselló
- Hospital Veterinario del Mar, Carrer de la Marina 69, 08005, Barcelona, Spain. .,La Merced Veterinary Specialists, Partida Colari, 5E, 03710, Calpe, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Jasmin Carmel
- Shrubbery Veterinary Goup, New Ash Green, 5 the link, New Ash Green, Longfield, DA3 8HG, UK
| | - Matthew Pead
- Dept. Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, 4 Royal College St, London, NW1 OUT, UK
| | - Victor Vidal Lacosta
- UNIR-Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Pilar Lafuente
- UNIR-Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Av. de la Paz 137, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
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Tzagiollari A, McCarthy HO, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ. Biodegradable and Biocompatible Adhesives for the Effective Stabilisation, Repair and Regeneration of Bone. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060250. [PMID: 35735493 PMCID: PMC9219717 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone defects and complex fractures present significant challenges for orthopaedic surgeons. Current surgical procedures involve the reconstruction and mechanical stabilisation of complex fractures using metal hardware (i.e., wires, plates and screws). However, these procedures often result in poor healing. An injectable, biocompatible, biodegradable bone adhesive that could glue bone fragments back together would present a highly attractive solution. A bone adhesive that meets the many clinical requirements for such an application has yet to be developed. While synthetic and biological polymer-based adhesives (e.g., cyanoacrylates, PMMA, fibrin, etc.) have been used effectively as bone void fillers, these materials lack biomechanical integrity and demonstrate poor injectability, which limits the clinical effectiveness and potential for minimally invasive delivery. This systematic review summarises conventional approaches and recent developments in the area of bone adhesives for orthopaedic applications. The required properties for successful bone repair adhesives, which include suitable injectability, setting characteristics, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and an ability to promote new bone formation, are highlighted. Finally, the potential to achieve repair of challenging bone voids and fractures as well as the potential of new bioinspired adhesives and the future directions relating to their clinical development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antzela Tzagiollari
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (A.T.); (T.J.L.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK;
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tanya J. Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (A.T.); (T.J.L.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Tissue, Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (A.T.); (T.J.L.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-(0)1-7005712
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Use of 3-D Models for Surgical Planning of a Malunion in a Dog. Case Rep Vet Med 2022; 2022:3813525. [PMID: 35368848 PMCID: PMC8975712 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3813525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An 8-year-old, 18.9 kg, male, intact Kai Ken with a femoral shaft fracture experienced recurrent implant breakage after two fracture reductions using an internal fixator. Objectives This case report is aimed at using a three-dimensional (3-D) printer to diagnose residual femoral rotational deviation. Implant failures and malunion occurred after two attempts at synthesis. Thus, a 3-D model was designed for preoperative planning of a third surgery. Methods To evaluate the alignment in the postoperative state after the second surgery, we removed a broken plate from the affected limb. Subsequently, a computed tomography image produced a bone replica using 3-D printing. The distal fragment was fixed and rotated externally by 42°. In addition to correcting the rotational deformity of the femur, we used an intramedullary pin and two locking plates to stabilize the proximal and distal femoral fracture segments. Results The bone union was confirmed four months after surgery, and no postoperative complications were observed 11 months after surgery. Conclusion 3-D printing is a valuable tool that increases the accuracy of presurgical planning.
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Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Associated with Previous Chronic Osteomyelitis Caused by Serratia liquefaciens in a German Shepherd Dog. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9030096. [PMID: 35324824 PMCID: PMC8954284 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of bone tumors as a result of chronic osteomyelitis represents a relatively rare and late complication in humans and animals. We described a malignant transformation (chondroblastic osteosarcoma) in a 7-year-old German shepherd with a history of polyostotic osteomyelitis caused by Serratia liquefaciens when the dog was 15 months old. The tumor developed in the right humeral diaphysis, one of the sites of polyostotic osteomyelitis. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of polyostotic osteomyelitis caused by Serratia liquefaciens in dogs.
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5
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Williams E, Towle HAM. A case of canine Salmonella spp. osteomyelitis with secondary fracture following dog bite. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:1518-1523. [PMID: 34245236 PMCID: PMC8464285 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An immature canine was attacked by another dog in a kennel facility and sustained multiple wounds to the lateral right forelimb and cranial right lateral thoracic region. General surgical and antimicrobial therapies were instituted immediately. The patient battled with recurrent infections and subsequent delayed healing. After approximately 35 days from the initial injury, the patient became acutely lame and febrile. The persistently open wounds were cultured and returned positive for Salmonella spp. Within the following days, the patient became painful, and the lameness progressed significantly. Radiographs confirmed pathologic humeral fracture, and the patient was referred for specialty evaluation. Zoonotic preventative protocols were adopted at the specialty facility upon arrival. Complete forequarter limb amputation was curative in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elroy Williams
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
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6
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McDermott CT. External coaptation for mandibular fractures in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps): 2 cases. J Exot Pet Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Gibson BH, Duvernay MT, Moore‐Lotridge SN, Flick MJ, Schoenecker JG. Plasminogen activation in the musculoskeletal acute phase response: Injury, repair, and disease. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:469-480. [PMID: 32548548 PMCID: PMC7293893 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The musculoskeletal system is critical for movement and the protection of organs. In addition to abrupt injuries, daily physical demands inflict minor injuries, necessitating a coordinated process of repair referred to as the acute-phase response (APR). Dysfunctional APRs caused by severe injuries or underlying chronic diseases are implicated in pathologic musculoskeletal repair, resulting in decreased mobility and chronic pain. The molecular mechanisms behind these phenomena are not well understood, hindering the development of clinical solutions. Recent studies indicate that, in addition to regulating intravascular clotting, the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are also entrenched in tissue repair. Although plasmin and fibrin are considered antithetical to one another in the context of hemostasis, in a proper APR, they complement one another within a coordinated spatiotemporal framework. Once a wound is contained by fibrin, activation of plasmin promotes the removal of fibrin and stimulates angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tissue regeneration. Insufficient fibrin deposition or excessive plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis in early convalescence prevents injury containment, causing bleeding. Alternatively, excess fibrin deposition and/or inefficient plasmin activity later in convalescence impairs musculoskeletal repair, resulting in tissue fibrosis and osteoporosis, while inappropriate fibrin or plasmin activity in a synovial joint can cause arthritis. Together, these pathologic conditions lead to chronic pain, poor mobility, and diminished quality of life. In this review, we discuss both fibrin-dependent and -independent roles of plasminogen activation in the musculoskeletal APR, how dysregulation of these mechanisms promote musculoskeletal degeneration, and the possibility of therapeutically manipulating plasmin or fibrin to treat musculoskeletal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew T. Duvernay
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | | | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina‐Chapel HillNCUSA
- UNC Blood Research CenterChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Jonathan G. Schoenecker
- Department of PharmacologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of OrthopaedicsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and ImmunologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
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8
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Moon GH, Cho JW, Kim BS, Yeo DH, Oh JK. Analysis of Risk Factors for Infection in Orthopedic Trauma Patients. JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND INJURY 2019. [DOI: 10.20408/jti.2018.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ho Moon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Hyun Yeo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Keon Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Gandar F, Paillusseau C, Deflers H, Bolen G, Marlier D, Schilliger L. BACTERIAL OSTEOMYLITIS IN A GREEN IGUANA (IGUANA IGUANA). J Exot Pet Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Fontes-Pereira A, Rosa P, Barboza T, Matusin D, Freire AS, Braz BF, Machado CB, von Krüger MA, Souza SALD, Santelli RE, Pereira WCDA. Monitoring bone changes due to calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus loss in rat femurs using Quantitative Ultrasound. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11963. [PMID: 30097589 PMCID: PMC6086864 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density is an important parameter for the diagnosis of bone diseases, as well as for predicting fractures and treatment monitoring. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) to monitor bone changes after calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium loss in rat femurs in vitro during a demineralization process. Four quantitative ultrasound parameters were estimated from bone surface echoes in eight femur diaphysis of rats. The echo signals were acquired during a decalcification process by Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA). The results were compared to Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry measurements for validation. Integrated Reflection Coefficient (IRC) reflection parameters and Frequency Slope of Reflection Transfer Function (FSRTF) during demineralization tended to decrease, while the backscattering parameter Apparent Integrated Backscatter (AIB) increased and Frequency Slope of Apparent Backscatter (FSAB) showed an oscillatory behavior with no defined trend. Results indicate a clear relation between demineralization and the corresponding decrease in the reflection parameters and increase in the scattering parameters. The trend analysis of the fall curve of the chemical elements showed a better relationship between IRC and QCT. It was possible to monitor bone changes after ions losses, through the QUS. Thus, it is an indication that the proposed protocol has potential to characterize bone tissue in animal models, providing consistent results towards standardization of bone characterization studies by QUS endorsing its use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Fontes-Pereira
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Rosa
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Daniel Matusin
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Aline Soares Freire
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Ferreira Braz
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Antônio von Krüger
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
| | - Sergio Augusto Lopes de Souza
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Erthal Santelli
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149 - Centro de Tecnologia Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 24020-007, Brazil
| | - Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco H, PO Box 68510, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21945-970, Brazil
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11
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Jegatheeson S, Wayne J, Brockley LK. Cutaneous non-epitheliotropic T-cell lymphoma associated with a fracture site in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2018; 4:2055116918760357. [PMID: 29552352 PMCID: PMC5846923 DOI: 10.1177/2055116918760357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat presented for investigation of a swelling over the right forelimb. Radiographs of the right forelimb revealed significant lysis and soft tissue swelling surrounding a previously implanted surgical plate, used to repair a fracture of the distal radius 5 years prior. The implant was removed, and a biopsy was collected. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry diagnosed a non-epitheliotropic T-cell cutaneous lymphoma. Staging confirmed multiple regional lymph node involvement. The cat was started on a CHOP-based protocol (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone). At week 4, the disease progressed both locally and within the regional lymph nodes. The primary lesion became severely ulcerated and the cat was euthanased, 42 days post-diagnosis. Relevance and novel information This is the first report of a cutaneous non-epitheliotropic lymphoma developing at the site of a previous traumatic fracture and metal implant. The cat's response to chemotherapy was poor and euthanasia was performed owing to progressive disease. More investigation is required to understand the role that malignant transformation could have at sites of chronic inflammation, bone fractures and surgical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie Wayne
- ASAP Laboratory, Mulgrave, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura K Brockley
- Victorian Animal Cancer Care, Box Hill South, Victoria, Australia
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12
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High energy focused shock wave therapy accelerates bone healing. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 28:425-32. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-15-05-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the influence of shock wave therapy (SWT) on radiographic evidence of bone healing after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).Methods: Healthy dogs between two to nine years of age that underwent TPLO were randomly assigned to receive either electro- hydraulic SWT (1,000 shocks) or sham treatment (SHAM). Treatment or SHAM was administered to the osteotomy site immediately postoperatively and two weeks postoperatively. Three blinded radiologists evaluated orthogonal radiographs performed eight weeks postoperatively with both a 5-point and a 10-point bone healing scale. Linear regression analysis was used to compare median healing scores between groups.Results: Forty-two dogs (50 stifles) were included in the statistical analysis. No major complications were observed and all osteo -tomies healed uneventfully. The median healing scores were significantly higher at eight weeks postoperatively for the SWT group compared to the SHAM group for the 10-point (p <0.0002) and 5-point scoring systems (p <0.0001).Clinical significance: Shock wave therapy applied immediately and two weeks post -operatively led to more advanced bone healing at the eight week time point in this study population. The results of this study support the use of electro-hydraulic SWT as a means of accelerating acute bone healing of canine osteotomies. Additional studies are needed to evaluate its use for acceleration of bone healing following fracture, or with delayed union.
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13
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Laurent C, Verwaerde J, Böhme B, Ponthot JP, Balligand M. Effect of orthopedic implants on long bone properties: a combined experimental and numerical approach. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2017; 20:113-114. [PMID: 29088584 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2017.1382887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- a CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563 , Université de Lorraine , France
| | - J Verwaerde
- a CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563 , Université de Lorraine , France
| | - B Böhme
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liege , Belgium
| | - J P Ponthot
- c Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering , University of Liege , Belgium
| | - M Balligand
- b Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Liege , Belgium
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14
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Fontes-Pereira AJ, Amorim M, Catelani F, Matusin DP, Rosa P, Guimarães DM, von Krüger MA, Pereira WCDA. The influence of low-intensity physiotherapeutic ultrasound on the initial stage of bone healing in rats: an experimental and simulation study. J Ther Ultrasound 2016; 4:24. [PMID: 27729978 PMCID: PMC5047053 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-intensity physiotherapeutic ultrasound has been used in physical therapy clinics; however, there remain some scientific issues regarding the bone-healing process. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of low-intensity physiotherapeutic ultrasound on the initial stage of bone healing in rats. METHODS Twenty-two male adult rats were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using radiographic, biochemical, and histological analyses. Numerical simulations were also performed. Fractures in animals in the ultrasound group (n = 11) were treated with low-intensity ultrasound (pulsed mode, duty cycle 20 %) for 10 min daily at an intensity of 40 mW/cm2 SATA (1.0 MHz) for 10 days. Fractures in animals in the control group (n = 11) were not treated. RESULTS Alkaline phosphatase levels were non-significantly higher in the ultrasound group than in the control group in the time intervals considered (t(13) = 0.440; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -13.79 to 20.82; p = 0.67). Between-group serum calcium levels were also not significantly different (t(13) = -0.842; 95 % CI -0.48 to 0.21; p = 0.42). Finally, there were no significant differences in radiological scores between the two groups (U = 118; 95 % CI -1.99 to 1.99; p = 0.72). However, the diameter of the newly formed bone tissue was greater and more evident in the ultrasound group. CONCLUSIONS Thirteen days after fracture, there was no significant between-group differences in bone-healing processes, although the increased alkaline phosphatase levels and diameter of new bone tissue need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo José Fontes-Pereira
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Marcio Amorim
- Laboratory of Morpho-physiopathology, State University of Pará, Belém, Pará Brazil
| | - Fernanda Catelani
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Rosa
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Douglas Magno Guimarães
- Laboratory of Epithelial Biology, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Marco Antônio von Krüger
- Ultrasound Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Program/COPPE/Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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15
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Laurent CP, Böhme B, Mengoni M, d’Otreppe V, Balligand M, Ponthot JP. Prediction of the mechanical response of canine humerus to three-point bending using subject-specific finite element modelling. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2016; 230:639-49. [DOI: 10.1177/0954411916644269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Subject-specific finite element models could improve decision making in canine long-bone fracture repair. However, it preliminary requires that finite element models predicting the mechanical response of canine long bone are proposed and validated. We present here a combined experimental–numerical approach to test the ability of subject-specific finite element models to predict the bending response of seven pairs of canine humeri directly from medical images. Our results show that bending stiffness and yield load are predicted with a mean absolute error of 10.1% (±5.2%) for the 14 samples. This study constitutes a basis for the forthcoming optimization of canine long-bone fracture repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric P Laurent
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- CNRS, LEMTA, UMR 7563, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Béatrice Böhme
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marlène Mengoni
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Vinciane d’Otreppe
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Balligand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Ponthot
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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16
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Fontes-Pereira A, Matusin DP, Rosa P, Schanaider A, von Krüger MA, Pereira WCA. Ultrasound method applied to characterize healthy femoral diaphysis of Wistar rats in vivo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 47:403-10. [PMID: 24838643 PMCID: PMC4075309 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A simple experimental protocol applying a quantitative ultrasound (QUS)
pulse-echo technique was used to measure the acoustic parameters of healthy
femoral diaphyses of Wistar rats in vivo. Five quantitative
parameters [apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), frequency slope of apparent
backscatter (FSAB), time slope of apparent backscatter (TSAB), integrated
reflection coefficient (IRC), and frequency slope of integrated reflection
(FSIR)] were calculated using the echoes from cortical and trabecular bone in
the femurs of 14 Wistar rats. Signal acquisition was performed three times in
each rat, with the ultrasound signal acquired along the femur's central region
from three positions 1 mm apart from each other. The parameters estimated for
the three positions were averaged to represent the femur diaphysis. The results
showed that AIB, FSAB, TSAB, and IRC values were statistically similar, but the
FSIR values from Experiments 1 and 3 were different. Furthermore, Pearson's
correlation coefficient showed, in general, strong correlations among the
parameters. The proposed protocol and calculated parameters demonstrated the
potential to characterize the femur diaphysis of rats in vivo.
The results are relevant because rats have a bone structure very similar to
humans, and thus are an important step toward preclinical trials and subsequent
application of QUS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fontes-Pereira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - D P Matusin
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - P Rosa
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A Schanaider
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Escola de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M A von Krüger
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - W C A Pereira
- Programa de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Siqueira EGM, Rahal SC, Ribeiro MG, Paes AC, Listoni FP, Vassalo FG. Exogenous bacterial osteomyelitis in 52 dogs: a retrospective study of etiology and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile (2000-2013). Vet Q 2014; 34:201-4. [PMID: 25295882 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2014.974000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most clinical cases of osteomyelitis in dogs involve infectious agents, especially bacteria and fungi. The characterization of these microorganisms may aid in the prevention and treatment of disease. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate retrospectively microbiological cultures and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile of isolates from 52 cases of bacterial osteomyelitis in long bones of dogs over 2000-2013. In 78% of the cases injuries were caused by a motor vehicle accident, but there were a few cases of dog bites (17%) and ascending infection due to pododermatitis (5%). ANIMALS AND METHODS The isolated microorganisms were identified based on conventional phenotypic methods. In vitro disk diffusion test was performed using 30 different antimicrobials. RESULTS The isolates were obtained from femur (28%), humerus (16%), tibia (31%), and radius/ulna (25%). Among 52 cases, culture was positive in 88% of cases. Thirteen genus of different species of microorganisms were isolated. The most common microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli followed by Streptococcus spp., enteric bacteria, Corynebacterium sp. and anaerobic bacteria. In 42% of cases cultures were mixed. The most effective drugs against isolated bacteria were amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium (79%) followed by ceftriaxone (69%). High-resistance rates were documented against azithromycin (80%), penicillin (59%), and clindamycin (59%). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlights diverse etiologic agents in cases of infectious bacterial osteomyelitis, with predominance of Staphylococcus genus, and reinforces the importance of obtaining cultures and susceptibility profiles given the high rates of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G M Siqueira
- a Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Botucatu , SP , Brazil
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18
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Barbieri G, Barbieri CH. A comparative in vivo ultrasonometric evaluation of normal and delayed fracture healing in sheep tibiae. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2014; 69:634-40. [PMID: 25318096 PMCID: PMC4192429 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2014(09)10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare normal and delayed bone healing by measuring ultrasound conduction velocity across the bone callus. METHODS A model of transverse linear and 5 mm resection osteotomies of sheep tibiae was used. Fourteen sheep were operated on and were divided into two groups of seven according to osteotomy type. The procedure was performed on the right tibiae and the intact left tibiae were used as controls. The transverse and axial ultrasound velocities were measured at 30-day intervals for 90 days, after which the animals were killed and both the right and left tibiae were resected for in vitro biomechanical analysis. RESULTS Both the transverse and axial ultrasound velocities progressively increased, but the increase was smaller for the delayed union that resulted from the resection osteotomy. The mechanical resistance was higher for the normally healed tibiae that resulted from a linear osteotomy; this result closely correlated with the ultrasound velocity results. Significant differences were found for the comparisons between the intact and operated tibiae in both groups and between the groups for both the transverse and axial ultrasound velocities, but the differences were greater for the latter. CONCLUSION We conclude that in vivo transverse and axial ultrasound velocities provide highly precise information about the healing state of both linear and resection diaphyseal osteotomies, but the axial ultrasound velocity most likely has greater discriminatory power. This method has the potential for clinical application in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Barbieri
- Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Biomechanics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Henrique Barbieri
- Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Biomechanics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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19
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Barbieri G, Mazzer N, Ribeiro EA, Nogueira-Barbosa MH, Barbieri CH. A comparative analysis between ultrasonometry and computer-aided tomography to evaluate bone healing. J Orthop Res 2012; 30:1076-82. [PMID: 22161915 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An ultrasonometric and computed-tomographic study of bone healing was undertaken using a model of a transverse mid-shaft osteotomy of sheep tibiae fixed with a semi-flexible external fixator. Fourteen sheep were operated and divided into two groups of seven according to osteotomy type, either regular or by segmental resection. The animals were killed on the 90th postoperative day and the tibiae resected for the in vitro direct contact transverse and axial measurement of ultrasound propagation velocity (UV) followed by quantitative computer-aided tomography (callus density and volume) through the osteotomy site. The intact left tibiae were used for control, being examined in a symmetrical diaphyseal segment. Regular osteotomies healed with a smaller and more mature callus than resection osteotomies. Axial UV was consistently and significantly higher (p ≤ 0.01) than transverse UV and both transverse and axial UV were significantly higher for the regular than for the segmental resection osteotomy. Transverse UV did not differ significantly between the intact and operated tibiae (p=0.20 for regular osteotomy; p=0.02 for resection osteotomy), but axial UV was significantly higher for the intact tibiae. Tomographic callus density was significantly higher for the regular than for the resection osteotomy and higher than both for the intact tibiae, presenting a strong positive correlation with UV. Callus volume presented an opposite behavior, with a negative correlation with UV. We conclude that UV is at least as precise as quantitative tomography for providing information about the healing state of both regular and resection osteotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Barbieri
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, São Paulo University. Campus Universitário, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Horner EA, Kirkham J, Wood D, Curran S, Smith M, Thomson B, Yang XB. Long Bone Defect Models for Tissue Engineering Applications: Criteria for Choice. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2010; 16:263-71. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2009.0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Horner
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Kirkham
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David Wood
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Curran
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smith
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Thomson
- Smith and Nephew Research Centre, York Science Park, York, United Kingdom
| | - Xuebin B. Yang
- Skeletal Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Penna B, Varges R, Martins G, Cabral C, Thomé S, Gallardo S, Lilenbaum W. Ostemyelitis by Pseudomonas aeruginosain a dog from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. J Small Anim Pract 2009; 50:504. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Abstract
The role of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in bone healing has been shown in numerous animal models. To date, at least 20 BMPs have been identified, some of which have been shown in vitro to stimulate the process of stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts in human and animal models. Having realized the osteoinductive properties of BMPs and having identified their genetic sequences, recombinant gene technology has been used to produce BMPs for clinical application - most commonly, as alternatives or adjuncts in the treatment of cases in which fracture healing is compromised. BMP-2 and BMP-7 are approved for clinical use in open fractures of long bones, non-unions and spinal fusion. However, despite significant evidence of their potential benefit to bone repair and regeneration in animal and preclinical studies, there is, to date, a dearth of convincing clinical trials. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief overview of BMPs and to critically review the clinical data currently available on the use of BMP-2 and BMP-7 in fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver P Gautschi
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Anatomy and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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