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Wellens J, Vissers E, Matthys C, Vermeire S, Sabino J. Personalized Dietary Regimens for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:15-27. [PMID: 36660362 PMCID: PMC9842524 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s359365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic and incurable conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract with an increasing incidence and prevalence worldwide. Common symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. Despite recent advances in medical management, many patients fail to achieve clinical remission and healing of the mucosa of the bowel. The cause is thought to involve an inappropriate reaction of the immune system, the microbiome and the environment in genetically susceptible individuals, leading to chronic bowel inflammation. Evidence is emerging that diet is a key environmental factor that might influence disease onset and course, and therefore may become a therapeutic strategy to mitigate inflammation and symptoms. Since IBD is a heterogeneous disease on a clinical and a molecular level, personalizing dietary advice could be the crucial factor to achieve long-lasting changes in dietary behaviors that could not only improve nutritional status but also tackle gut inflammation and abdominal symptoms on an individual level. In this review, we first discuss different aspects of personalized nutrition, namely the level, focus, and scope of personalized dietary regimens. Then, we provide a framework for the different goals of nutritional therapy in IBD and current evidence for personalized dietary approaches. Lastly, we discuss the need for adequate trial designs, access to the right data types and the bioinformatic tools that are necessary to develop algorithms that will allow us to move from general "healthy eating" advice to truly personalized nutritional plans for the individual IBD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wellens
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Vissers
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - João Sabino
- KU Leuven Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Correspondence: João Sabino, Email
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