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Faccin M, Wiener DJ, Rech RR, Santoro D, Rodrigues Hoffmann A. Common superficial and deep cutaneous bacterial infections in domestic animals: A review. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:796-811. [PMID: 37264789 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231176558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The skin covers the external surface of animals, and it is constantly exposed to and inhabited by different microorganisms, including bacteria. Alterations in the skin barrier allow commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and penetrate deep into the lower layers of the skin. Being the first barrier to the external environment, the skin is prone to injuries, allowing the penetration of microorganisms that may lead to severe deep infections. Companion animals, especially dogs, are prone to bacterial infections, often secondary to allergic dermatitis. When environmental conditions are unfavorable, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats can develop superficial infections, such as those caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. Deep inflammation is commonly caused by Mycobacterium spp., which results in granulomatous to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Likewise, bacteria such as Nocardia spp. and Actinomyces spp. can cause deep pyogranulomatous inflammation. Bacteria that lead to deep necrotizing lesions (eg, necrotizing fasciitis/flesh-eating bacteria) can be severe and even result in death. This review includes an overview of the most common cutaneous bacterial infections of domestic animals, highlighting the main features and histologic morphology of the bacteria, cutaneous structures involved, and the type of inflammatory infiltrates.
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Milliron SM, Seyler ZG, Myers AN, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Hnot M, Wiener DJ. Pyogranulomatous panniculitis in a domestic cat associated with Pseudomonas luteola infection. Vet Dermatol 2020; 32:83-e15. [PMID: 32991013 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas luteola, a pathogen causing disease in humans, has in animals been reported only in rainbow trout and ferrets. This case report describes pyogranulomatous panniculitis in a cat associated with P. luteola infection. Organisms were seen histologically and identified with PCR and sequencing. Lesions resolved after treatment with marbofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai M Milliron
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zachary G Seyler
- Student of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Alexandra N Myers
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Dermatopathology Specialty Service, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Melanie Hnot
- VCA Hollywood Animal Hospital, 2864 Hollywood Blvd, Hollywood, FL, 33020, USA
| | - Dominique J Wiener
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.,Dermatopathology Specialty Service, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Science, Texas A&M University, 664 Raymond Stotzer Parkway, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Wyre NR. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases in Ferrets. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2020; 23:299-308. [PMID: 32327037 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
As veterinarians, we may be the first to diagnose emerging zoonotic diseases in ferrets and may be at increased risk of exposure. Pseudomonas luteola is a bacterial infection that causes respiratory disease, panniculitis, sialadenitis, and abscess formation. Hepatitis E virus can cause subclinical infection, acute hepatitis, and persistent infection. Since the 2013 article discussing the 2009 influenza pandemic affecting ferrets, there has been an additional case of suspected anthroponotic infection in a pet ferret and experimental infection with influenza viruses from humans, cats, and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Wyre
- Zodiac Pet & Exotic Hospital, Victoria Centre, Shop 101A, 1/F, Fortress Hill, Hong Kong.
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