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Ngo JP, Noe KM, Zhu MZL, Martin A, Ollason M, Cochrane AD, Smith JA, Thrift AG, Evans RG. Intraoperative renal hypoxia and risk of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. J Card Surg 2021; 36:3577-3585. [PMID: 34327740 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Renal hypoxia may precede clinically detectable AKI. We compared the efficacy of two indices of renal hypoxia, (i) intraoperative urinary oxygen tension (UPO2 ) and (ii) the change in plasma erythropoietin (pEPO) during surgery, in predicting AKI. We also investigated whether the performance of these prognostic markers varies with preoperative patient characteristics. METHODS In 82 patients undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery, blood samples were taken upon induction of anesthesia and upon entry into the intensive care unit. UPO2 was continuously measured throughout surgery. RESULTS Thirty-two (39%) patients developed postoperative AKI. pEPO increased during surgery, but this increase did not predict AKI, regardless of risk of postoperative mortality assessed by EuroSCORE-II. For patients categorized at higher risk by EuroSCORE-II >1.98 (median score for the cohort), UPO2 ≤10 mmHg at any time during surgery predicted a 4.04-fold excess risk of AKI (p = .04). However, UPO2 did not significantly predict AKI in lower-risk patients. UPO2 significantly predicted AKI in patients who were older, had previous myocardial infarction, diabetes, lower preoperative serum creatinine, or shorter bypass times. pEPO and UPO2 were only weakly correlated. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative change in pEPO does not predict AKI. However, UPO2 shows promise, particularly in patients with higher risk of operative mortality. The disparity between these two markers of renal hypoxia may indicate that UPO2 reflects medullary oxygenation whereas pEPO reflects cortical oxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer P Ngo
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Khin M Noe
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Z L Zhu
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Martin
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meg Ollason
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew D Cochrane
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julian A Smith
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amanda G Thrift
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger G Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Li S, Liu Y, Zhu Y. Effect of acute normovolemic hemodilution on coronary artery bypass grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 randomized trials. Int J Surg 2020; 83:131-139. [PMID: 32950743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficacy of minimal acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in avoiding homologous blood transfusion during cardiovascular surgery remains controversial. Postoperative bleeding and transfusion remain a source of morbidity and cost after open heart operations. To better understand the role of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), we compared ANH with standard intraoperative care in a systematic review including a standard pairwise meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) up to April 1, 2020. The primary outcome was to assess the incidence of ANH-related number of allogeneic red blood cell units (ARBCu) transfused. Secondary outcomes included the rate of allogeneic blood transfusion and estimated total blood loss. RESULTS A total of 22 RCTs including 1688 patients were identified for the present meta-analysis. Of these studies, 19 were about CABG with on-pump and three with off-pump. Our pooled result indicated that patients received ANH experienced fewer ARBCu transfusions, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.60 (95%CI -0.96 to -0.24; P = 0.001). The rate of allogeneic blood transfusion in ANH group was significant reduced when compared with controls, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.65 (95%CI 0.52 to 0.82; P = 0.0002). In addition, less postoperative estimated total blood loss was present, with a SMD of -0.53 (95%CI -0.88 to -0.17; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis indicated that ANH could reduce the number of ARBCu transfused in the CABG surgery setting. In addition, ANH could also reduce the rate of ARBCu transfusion and estimated total blood loss for CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jingzhou Central Hospital, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center (Chongqing University Central Hospital), Chongqing, 400014, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center (Chongqing University Central Hospital), Chongqing, 400014, China
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Barile L, Fominskiy E, Di Tomasso N, Alpìzar Castro LE, Landoni G, De Luca M, Bignami E, Sala A, Zangrillo A, Monaco F. Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution Reduces Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Cardiac Surgery. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:743-752. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Momeni M, Watremez C, De Kock M, de Kerchove L, Glineur D, Baele P, Kahn D, Van Dyck M, Scholtes JL, Jacquet LM, Liistro G. Increased endogenous erythropoietin concentrations after cardiac surgery: another useful biomarker to be validated. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:897. [PMID: 23021406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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