1
|
Del Santo M. Comparison between the chin position of male and female untreated growing Class I subjects: a mixed-longitudinal study. Angle Orthod 2025; 95:304-309. [PMID: 40231547 PMCID: PMC12017543 DOI: 10.2319/031124-205.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the position of the chin of untreated male and female Class I growing subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 51 growing Class I subjects, 29 male and 22 female, from 7 to 16 years of age, was studied. The total number of 359 lateral cephalograms included at least one cephalogram for each subject taken in the early mixed dentition (younger than 10 years), one in late mixed dentition (between 10 and 12 years), and one in the permanent dentition phase (older than 12 years old). RESULTS Descriptive statistics for the X component (horizontal) and Y component (vertical) of the cephalometric landmark Gnathion (Gn) were recorded. Student t-tests showed no differences between male and female growing subjects for the X component (horizontal), but significant differences for the Y component (vertical). CONCLUSIONS Displacement of the mandible over the timeframe studied differs between male and female untreated subjects. Although most of the orthodontic literature addresses such differences as an anteroposterior phenomenon, this study found that the difference is mainly due to the vertical, and not horizontal, component of such displacement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marinho Del Santo
- Corresponding author: Marinho Del Santo Jr., 12440 Robinwood St., Brookfield, WI 53005, USA (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Du B, Li K, Shen Z, Cheng Y, Yu J, Pan Y, Huang Z, Hu F, Rausch-Fan X, Zhu Y, Zhang X. Feasibility of occlusal plane in predicting the changes in anteroposterior mandibular position: a comprehensive analysis using deep learning-based three-dimensional models. BMC Oral Health 2025; 25:42. [PMID: 39780117 PMCID: PMC11707869 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-05345-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive analysis of the occlusal plane (OP) inclination in predicting anteroposterior mandibular position (APMP) changes is still lacking. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between inclinations of different OPs and APMP metrics and explore the feasibility of OP inclination in predicting changes in APMP. METHODS Overall, 115 three-dimensional (3D) models were reconstructed using deep learning-based cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) segmentation, and their accuracy in supporting cusps was compared with that of intraoral scanning models. The anatomical landmarks of seven OPs and three APMP metrics were identified, and their values were measured on the sagittal reference plane. The receiver operating characteristic curves of inclinations of seven OPs in distinguishing different anteroposterior skeletal patterns and correlations between inclinations of these OPs and APMP metrics were calculated and compared. For the OP inclination with the highest area under the curve (AUC) values and correlation coefficients, the regression models between this OP inclination and APMP metrics were further calculated. RESULTS The deviations in supporting cusps between deep learning-based and intraoral scanning models were < 0.300 mm. The improved functional OP (IFOP) inclination could distinguish different skeletal classification determinations (AUC Class I VS Class II = 0.693, AUC Class I VS Class III = 0.763, AUC Class II VS Class III = 0.899, all P values < 0.01) and the AUC value in skeletal Classes II and III determination was statistically higher than the inclinations of other OPs (all P values < 0.01). Moreover, the IFOP inclination showed statistical correlations with APMP metrics (rAPDI = -0.557, rANB = 0.543, rAF-BF = 0.731, all P values < 0.001) and had the highest correlation coefficients among all OP inclinations (all P values < 0.05). The regression analysis models of IFOP inclination and APMP metrics were yAPDI = -0.917x + 91.144, yANB = 0.395x + 0.292, and yAF-BF = 0.738x - 2.331. CONCLUSIONS Constructing the OP using deep learning-based 3D models from CBCT data is feasible. IFOP inclination could be used in predicting the APMP changes. A steeper IFOP inclination corresponded to a more retrognathic mandibular posture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Du
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaichen Li
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiling Shen
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihang Cheng
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayan Yu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaopeng Pan
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Center of Clinic Research, Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Dental Clinic, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Yuanpeng Zhu
- School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528308, Guangdong, China.
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laganà G, Malara A, Palmacci D, Bollero P, Cozza P. Vertical Dimension Control in Two Different Treatment Protocols: Invisalign First and Bite Block-A Retrospective Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1252. [PMID: 39457217 PMCID: PMC11506737 DOI: 10.3390/children11101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 10/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare the vertical dimension changes, before and after treatment, in two groups of growing patients, one group treated with clear aligner therapy versus a group treated with Quad-helix and bite-block therapy. METHODS The studied sample was composed of n. 40 patients (20 females and 20 males with a mean age of 8.6 ± 1.8 years), enrolled from the Department of Orthodontics at Policlinico of Rome Tor Vergata. The original sample was randomly divided into two groups: Group IF (Invisalign First) and Group BB (Quad-helix and bite block). Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1 after 12 months) lateral cephalograms were collected from all the selected patients. Nine cephalometric parameters, both angular and linear, were measured and recorded for each cephalogram. RESULTS No statistically significant changes were found between both the IF and BB groups at T0, while statistically significant changes were observed in both groups (BB and IF) between T0 and T1 (after 12 months of active therapy), p < 0.005. CONCLUSIONS Both therapies were able to control the patient's vertical condition. To date, the use of conventional appliances seems to have slightly better efficacy in controlling the vertical dimension than aligner therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Health Sciences, Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy (P.C.)
| | - Arianna Malara
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Palmacci
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cozza
- Department of Health Sciences, Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant’Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alawdi GM, Al Fahad MF, Al Muzher SB, Alfaifi AH, Hazeem AM, Dakheel RS, Jan RH, Al-Qutub LM, Alharbi LH, Khalil A. Does Invisalign Outperform Fixed Appliance in Treating Vertical Discrepancies? Cureus 2024; 16:e65973. [PMID: 39221357 PMCID: PMC11365740 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aligners became popular among adult patients for their superior aesthetics and comfort in comparison to conventional fixed appliances. It has undergone numerous enhancements over time, allowing it to address more complex malocclusions. Many researchers argued that managing vertical discrepancies is more challenging than addressing anteroposterior issues. This complexity arose from the mechanical requirements for treatment and the required mechanics to prevent relapse. Studies assessing the treatment outcome of anterior open bite closure using clear aligners have yielded conflicting results regarding the mechanisms of bite closure. Proposed mechanisms included extrusion of upper or lower incisors, lingual tipping of upper or lower incisors, intrusion of upper or lower molars, counterclockwise rotation of the mandible, or various combinations of these mechanisms. The research highlighted the biomechanical challenges associated with using aligners for the treatment of deep bites as mandibular incisor intrusion and leveling the curve of Spee remain among the least predictable movements. Given the widespread use of aligners, it is imperative to rigorously assess the effectiveness of clear aligners in achieving overbite correction to ensure they deliver the desired outcome. This review aimed to assess the performance of Invisalign in the management of vertical discrepancies. It sought to identify the dentoskeletal effects of clear aligners in addressing deep bite and anterior open bite cases, understand the mechanisms behind overbite correction, and provide a comprehensive overview of the existing research on this topic.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mariscal JF, Ravelli DB, Dos Santos Pinto A, Dominguez GC, de Arruda Aidar LA, Jacob HB. Comparisons of soft tissue changes after Herbst appliance treatment in three different growth phases. J World Fed Orthod 2024; 13:78-85. [PMID: 38155063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the soft tissue effects of Herbst appliance in Class II malocclusion patients treated in three different craniofacial growth phases: prepubertal (PRE), circumpubertal (CIR), and postpubertal (POS). METHODS In total, 95 patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion previously treated with a Herbst appliance were analyzed. Through the cervical vertebral maturation stages method, patients were allocated into three groups depending on the growth craniofacial phase at the beginning of treatment: PRE, CIR, and POS. Seventeen cephalometric measures were evaluated from each lateral radiograph before and after Herbst therapy using the Radiocef 2 software (Radio Memory, Belo Horizonte). Intragroup and intergroup treatment changes were compared statistically using a paired t test and MANOVA test, respectively. RESULTS Soft tissue thickness changes were related only to mandible; all three mandibular measurements (L1_LL, B_B', and Pog_Pog') showed thickening for the PRE group ranging from 0.92 mm (Pog_Pog') to 2.02 mm (B_B'), and only lower lip thickened overtime for the POS group (L1_LL = 0.99 mm). Soft and hard tissue pogonion displaced anteriorly, but only the soft tissue showed differences among groups; PRE group presented more anterior displacement than POS group (3.61 mm and 1.39 mm, respectively). Hard and soft tissue facial convexity decreased more in the PRE and CIR groups than in the POS group. Mentolabial sulcus depth reduced more in the PRE (1.07 mm) and CIR (1.29 mm) groups than in the POS (0.55 mm) group. Horizontal movement of the skeletal and soft pogonion presented a moderate-high positive correlation (r = 0.783), and hard and soft facial convexity showed a moderate-low positive correlation (r = 0.403). CONCLUSIONS Herbst appliance therapy produces soft tissue improvements in the three phases of craniofacial growth, being greater in patients in the PRE and CIR phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Mariscal
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Dirceu Barnabé Ravelli
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ary Dos Santos Pinto
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helder B Jacob
- Department of Orthodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang HK, Pangrazio-Kulbersh V, Kaczynski R, Munoz A. Treatment change comparisons between skeletal Class I and II white adolescents with 3 different vertical divergencies-Part 2: Holdaway difference. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2024; 165:357-364. [PMID: 38069924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Holdaway difference represents the relationship of the NB line to the mandibular incisor (NB-L1) and the bony pogonion (NB-Pog). This study aimed to evaluate treatment changes of NB-L1, NB-Pog, and the Holdaway difference in patients with skeletal Class I and II relationships with 3 different skeletal divergencies. METHODS This retrospective study was the second part of treatment outcome assessments of 135 white adolescent patients (females, n = 69; males, n = 66; mean age, 12.8 ± 1.4 years pretreatment and 15.0 ± 1.4 years posttreatment). The NB-L1, NB-Pog, and Holdaway differences (NB-L1 - NB-Pog) were measured. The mixed-model analysis of variance was used to assess within- and between-subject effects responding to horizontal and vertical skeletal discrepancies. RESULTS For the group with favorable profile changes, the means of the Holdaway difference were maintained in the hypodivergent and normodivergent subgroups and reduced in the hyperdivergent subgroups for patients with skeletal Class I and II relationships. The means of NB-L1 and Holdaway difference were significantly larger in the skeletal Class II group and became greater as skeletal vertical divergencies increased. The NB-Pog means were significantly different only between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this study, the Holdaway difference should be adjusted to individualize the incisor positions, considering not only the anteroposterior but also the vertical skeletal relationships of the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He-Kyong Kang
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University, New York, NY
| | | | - Richard Kaczynski
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Conn
| | - AnaMaria Munoz
- Department of Orthodontics, New York University, New York, NY.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Satra P, Vichare G, Bhosale V. Relationship of maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length and dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern. APOS TRENDS IN ORTHODONTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.25259/apos_134_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives:
The objectives of the study were to assess, measure, and correlate the maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length to the amount of dental crowding in different vertical growth pattern patients.
Materials and Methods:
Sample comprising 100 pre-treatment lateral cephalograms and study models (age group – 16–25 years) was randomly selected. The sample was divided into two groups, that is, clockwise (50) and anticlockwise (50) rotation based on the measurement of the gonial angle. The gonial angle and maxillary and mandibular effective lengths were measured on pre-treatment lateral cephalograms. Dental crowding and arch length were measured on the pre-treatment dental casts. Intergroup comparisons of effective base length, arch length, and crowding were performed with unpaired t-tests. Correlations between effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding were examined by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (P < 0.05).
Results:
Subjects with clockwise rotation significantly had more mandibular dental crowding and significantly decreased mandibular arch length compared to the anticlockwise group. An inverse correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular effective base length, arch length, and dental crowding while a positive correlation was found between maxillary and mandibular base length and arch length in both the groups.
Conclusion:
Clockwise rotation of the mandible along with skeletal and dental factors such as decreased effective base lengths and arch length, respectively, constitutes an important factor leading to dental crowding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Satra
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Gauri Vichare
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India,
| | - Veera Bhosale
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Deemed to be University, Pune, Maharashtra, India,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rask H, English JD, Colville C, Kasper FK, Gallerano R, Jacob HB. Cephalometric evaluation of changes in vertical dimension and molar position in adult non-extraction treatment with clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances. Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e2119360. [PMID: 34524380 PMCID: PMC8439186 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.4.e2119360.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Orthodontists have been using clear aligners to treat malocclusions, and one potential effect of treatment with orthodontic aligners is the intrusion and/or resists extrusion of the posterior teeth. This “bite-block effect” is primarily anecdotal due to the frequent occurrence of posterior open bites in patients after clear aligner therapy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare changes promoted by clear aligners and traditional fixed appliances in cephalometric measurements of the vertical dimension and molar position in adult patients with Class I malocclusion treated with non-extraction. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of adult patients treated with either clear aligners (n=44) or traditional fixed appliances (n=22) were selected for retrospective analysis. Eight interval measurements and one nominal measurement were evaluated: anterior overbite (OB), mandibular plane angle related to cranial base (SN_MP) and related to Frankfort (FMA), lower molar height (L6H) and upper molar height (U6H), palatal plane to mandibular plane angle (PP_MP), lower facial height (LFH), total facial height (TFH), and posterior open bite (Posterior_OB). A single evaluator traced all cephalographs, and changes in select measures of the vertical dimension were compared within and between groups. Results: OB decreased (1.15 mm) and L6H increased (0.63 mm) in the traditional fixed appliance group. Mandibular plane angles (related to cranial base and to Frankfort) increased (0.43° and 0.53°, respectively) in the clear aligner group, but just FMA showed significant difference between groups (difference of 0.53°). LFH and TFH increased (ranging from 0.52 mm to 0.80 mm) in both groups, with no differences between treatment modality. Presence of visible posterior open bite significantly increased over the course of treatment. OB, FMA and L6H exhibited an interaction between treatment stage (pre- and post-treatment) and modality (clear aligner therapy and traditional fixed appliances), but no interaction among these three variables was found. Conclusions: The evidence does not support the theory that clear aligner therapy produces better vertical dimension control than traditional fixed appliances. Traditional fixed appliance therapy slightly extruded the lower molar, and clear aligner therapy produced a slightly mandibular backward rotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hailee Rask
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| | - Jeryl D English
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| | - Clark Colville
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| | - Fred Kurtis Kasper
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| | - Ronald Gallerano
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| | - Helder Baldi Jacob
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Houston/TX, USA)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
George SM, Campbell PM, Tadlock LP, Schneiderman E, Buschang PH. Keys to Class II correction: A comparison of 2 extraction protocols. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:333-342. [PMID: 33541786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2 extraction patterns on incisor and molar movements in patients with growing Class II Division 1. METHODS The sample included 54 patients 10-17 years of age treated by 2 private practice orthodontists using Tweed directional force mechanics, 4 premolar extractions, J-hook headgears, and Class II elastics or Saif springs. The sample was divided on the basis of having maxillary and mandibular first premolars (4/4) or maxillary first and mandibular second premolars (4/5) extracted. Each group included 27 patients. Treatment lasted 2.8 ± 0.60 years and 2.6 ± 0.54 years for the 4/4 and 4/5 groups, respectively. Pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and dental casts were evaluated. Cranial base, mandibular, and maxillary superimpositions were performed to quantify tooth movements and displacements. RESULTS There were no statistically significant T1 between-group differences in crowding or in the SNA, SNB, ANB, and MPA angles. Analyses of covariance, controlling for statistically significant (P <0.05) differences in T1 mandibular incisor position, showed that mandibular first premolars extractions produced greater (1.6 mm) mandibular incisor retraction than second premolar extractions. The mandibular first molars were protracted significantly more (0.7 mm) after the second premolar than the first premolar extractions. Within-group changes of the MPA, between-group differences in the changes in MPA, and the amount of vertical eruption of the maxillary and mandibular molars were not significantly different between the 2 extraction patterns. CONCLUSIONS Extraction of mandibular second premolars enhances Class II molar correction, with greater mesial first molar movement and less distal incisor movement. Neither extraction pattern has an effect on the MPA or the vertical dimension (ie, there was no "wedge effect").
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phillip M Campbell
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Tex
| | - Larry P Tadlock
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Tex
| | - Emet Schneiderman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Tex
| | - Peter H Buschang
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, Tex.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kahn S, Ehrlich P, Feldman M, Sapolsky R, Wong S. The Jaw Epidemic: Recognition, Origins, Cures, and Prevention. Bioscience 2020; 70:759-771. [PMID: 32973408 PMCID: PMC7498344 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary humans are living very different lives from those of their ancestors, and some of the changes have had serious consequences for health. Multiple chronic "diseases of civilization," such as cardiovascular problems, cancers, ADHD, and dementias are prevalent, increasing morbidity rates. Stress, including the disruption of traditional sleep patterns by modern lifestyles, plays a prominent role in the etiology of these diseases, including obstructive sleep apnea. Surprisingly, jaw shrinkage since the agricultural revolution, leading to an epidemic of crooked teeth, a lack of adequate space for the last molars (wisdom teeth), and constricted airways, is a major cause of sleep-related stress. Despite claims that the cause of this jaw epidemic is somehow genetic, the speed with which human jaws have changed, especially in the last few centuries, is much too fast to be evolutionary. Correlation in time and space strongly suggests the symptoms are phenotypic responses to a vast natural experiment-rapid and dramatic modifications of human physical and cultural environments. The agricultural and industrial revolutions have produced smaller jaws and less-toned muscles of the face and oropharynx, which contribute to the serious health problems mentioned above. The mechanism of change, research and clinical trials suggest, lies in orofacial posture, the way people now hold their jaws when not voluntarily moving them in speaking or eating and especially when sleeping. The critical resting oral posture has been disrupted in societies no longer hunting and gathering. Virtually all aspects of how modern people function and rest are radically different from those of our ancestors. We also briefly discuss treatment of jaw symptoms and possible clinical cures for individuals, as well as changes in society that might lead to better care and, ultimately, prevention.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hardin AM, Valiathan M, Oh H, Knigge RP, McNulty KP, Leary EV, Duren DL, Sherwood RJ. Clinical implications of age-related change of the mandibular plane angle. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 23:50-58. [PMID: 31465622 PMCID: PMC6980205 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify trajectories of ontogenetic change in the mandibular plane angle (MPA) and to describe the influence of sex and other factors on MPA during growth. SETTING/SAMPLE The data consisted of 7026 MPA measurements from lateral cephalographs representing longitudinal series from ages 6 to 21 for 728 individuals from the Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Facial type was determined from MPA for each assessment, with the assessment closest to age 18 representing the adult facial type. The sample includes 366 males and 362 females, each with between 2 and 15 cephalographs. The mean number of cephalographs per individual is 10. Variation in childhood MPA (earliest assessment between 6 and 9 years of age) and adult MPA (closest assessment to age 18 between 15 and 21 years of age), and change in MPA from childhood to adulthood were compared by sex and adult facial type using ANOVA and post hoc t tests. RESULTS Mandibular plane angle decreased from childhood to adulthood in 92% of males and 81% of females, yet increased in 36% of males and 50% of females with the hyper-divergent adult facial type. Childhood MPA and overall change in MPA were significantly different by adult facial type. CONCLUSIONS Adult facial type is associated with differences in childhood MPA and change in MPA during growth. There are multiple ontogenetic pathways by which an individual can achieve a normo-divergent adult facial type, and an individual's childhood MPA does not necessarily correspond to his or her adult facial type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Manish Valiathan
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Heesoo Oh
- Craniofacial Research Instrumentation Lab, Department of Orthodontics, University of the Pacific, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California
| | - Ryan P Knigge
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kieran P McNulty
- Evolutionary Anthropology Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Emily V Leary
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Dana L Duren
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Richard J Sherwood
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Influence of Vertical Facial Growth Pattern on Herbst Appliance Effects in Prepubertal Patients: A Retrospective Controlled Study. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:1018793. [PMID: 32399031 PMCID: PMC7201793 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1018793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Herbst device is widely used for correction of class II malocclusions; however, most of the researches carried out on the Herbst appliance in literature do not take into account patients with a different mandibular divergence. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Herbst on dental and skeletal structures and to evaluate possible influence of vertical facial growth patterns. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on lateral cephalograms of 75 growing patients (mean age: 9.9 ± 1.9 years) with class II malocclusion treated with Herbst. Subjects were divided into 3 groups using the mandibular divergence index (SN and GoMe angle). Cephalometric parameters were evaluated using the modified SO (sagittal occlusion) Pancherz's analysis. A statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate differences among groups using ANOVA. Results Our study showed differences in response to treatment depending on patient's facial vertical growth pattern. Cranial base angle and mandibular rotation were significantly different (p < 0.05) between hypodivergent patients and normodivergent patients and between hypodivergent and hyperdivergent subjects. Conclusion Hypodivergent patients increased their mandibular divergence during treatment to a greater extent than normodivergents; moreover, hyperdivergent patients exhibited a decreased mandibular divergence at the end of the treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Moro A, Borges SW, Spada PP, Morais ND, Correr GM, Chaves CM, Cevidanes LHS. Twenty-year clinical experience with fixed functional appliances. Dental Press J Orthod 2018; 23:87-109. [PMID: 29898162 PMCID: PMC6018450 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.23.2.087-109.sar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the large number of fixed functional appliances, choosing the best device for your patient is not an easy task. Objective: To describe the development of fixed functional appliances as well as our 20-year experience working with them. Methods: Fixed functional appliances are grouped into flexible, rigid and hybrid. They are different appliances, whose action is described here. Four clinical cases will be reported with a view to illustrating the different appliances. Conclusions: Rigid fixed functional appliances provide better skeletal results than flexible and hybrid ones. Flexible and hybrid appliances have similar effects to those produced by Class II elastics. They ultimately correct Class II with dentoalveolar changes. From a biomechanical standpoint, fixed functional appliances are more recommended to treat Class II in dolichofacial patients, in comparison to Class II elastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Moro
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ortodontia (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).,Universidade Positivo, Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Odontologia Clínica (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Suellen W Borges
- Mestre em Odontologia Clínica, Universidade Positivo (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Paula Porto Spada
- Universidade Positivo, Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Odontologia Clínica (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).,Mestre em Odontologia Clínica, Universidade Positivo (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Nathaly D Morais
- Universidade Positivo, Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Odontologia Clínica (Curitiba/PR, Brazil).,Mestre em Odontologia Clínica, Universidade Positivo (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Gisele Maria Correr
- Universidade Positivo, Programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Odontologia Clínica (Curitiba/PR, Brazil)
| | - Cauby M Chaves
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem (Fortaleza/CE, Brazil)
| | - Lucia H S Cevidanes
- University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry (Ann Arbor, EUA)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Michelogiannakis D, Rossouw PE, Fishman LS, Feng C. A cephalometric comparison of treatment effects and predictors of chin prominence in Class II Division 1 and 2 malocclusions with Forsus fatigue-resistant fixed functional appliance. J World Fed Orthod 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
Buschang PH, Roldan SI, Tadlock LP. Guidelines for assessing the growth and development of orthodontic patients. Semin Orthod 2017. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
16
|
Rogers K, Campbell PM, Tadlock L, Schneiderman E, Buschang PH. Treatment changes of hypo- and hyperdivergent Class II Herbst patients. Angle Orthod 2017; 88:3-9. [PMID: 29016191 DOI: 10.2319/060117-369.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relative effects of Herbst appliance therapy in hypo- and hyperdivergent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The treated group included 45 growing Class II, division 1, patients treated with stainless steel crown Herbst appliances, followed by fixed edgewise appliances. The untreated control group consisted of 45 Class II, division 1, subjects, matched to the treated sample based on Angle classification, age, sex, and pretreatment mandibular plane angle (MPA). Subjects were categorized as hypo- or hyperdivergent based on their MPAs. Pre- and posttreatment cephalograms were traced and superimposed on cranial base and mandibular structures. RESULTS The primary effect of the Herbst in terms of maxillomandibular correction was in the maxilla. It significantly restricted maxillary growth, producing a "headgear effect." Mandibular treatment changes depended on divergence. Hyperdivergent patients experienced a deleterious backward true mandibular rotation with Herbst treatment. Hypodivergent patients, as well as untreated hypo- and hyperdivergent controls, underwent forward true mandibular rotation. However, hypodivergent chins did not advance any more than expected for untreated hypodivergent Class II patients. CONCLUSIONS Hypo- and hyperdivergent patients benefit from the Herbst's headgear effect. While the mandibular growth of hypodivergent patients overcomes the negative rotational effects, hyperdivergent patients undergo a deleterious backward mandibular rotation and increases in facial height.
Collapse
|
17
|
Carapezza LJ. The paradox of 1-phase vs 2-phase orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2017; 151:9. [PMID: 28024790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
YAMAUCHI TADASHI, KIMURA RYOSUKE, KAWAGUCHI AKIRA, SATO TAKEHIRO, YAMAGUCHI KYOKO, TOMA TAKASHI, MIYAMOTO KIYOTO, FUKASE HITOSHI, YAMAGUCHI TETSUTARO, ISHIDA HAJIME. A comparative study of craniofacial measurements between Ryukyuan and mainland Japanese females using lateral cephalometric images. ANTHROPOL SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.151206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- TADASHI YAMAUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - RYOSUKE KIMURA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - AKIRA KAWAGUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - TAKEHIRO SATO
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | - KYOKO YAMAGUCHI
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| | | | | | - HITOSHI FUKASE
- Division of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo
| | | | - HAJIME ISHIDA
- Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara-cho
| |
Collapse
|