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Walker RT, Illanes O, Conan A, Williams BH, Hilchie D, Bolfa P. Histology, prevalence, and environmental sources for pulmonary silicates depositions in domestic and wild animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:245-257. [PMID: 36636952 DOI: 10.1177/03009858221146095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The source and significance of pulmonary silicate crystals in animals and people are poorly understood. To estimate the prevalence and characterize the pulmonary crystalline material in animals from St. Kitts, tissue samples from dogs, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, mongooses, and monkeys were examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA), and x-ray diffraction. Crystalline material was seen in 201 of 259 (77.6%) lung samples as perivascular and interstitial accumulations of heterogeneous crystalline particulate material, free or within macrophages (silicate-laden macrophages [SLMs]), mostly lacking evidence of chronic inflammation or fibrosis. The crystalline material was birefringent, basophilic on acid-fast, and composed of silicas on SEM/EDXA. Mongooses (100%) and monkeys (98%) had the highest prevalence of SLM, followed by cattle and chickens. Lesions were graded on a 3-point scale based on the histologic location and extent of silicates and SLM and were significantly more severe in mongooses (median = 3) than in monkeys (median = 2), dogs (median = 2), and chickens (median = 1). On EDXA, the crystalline material from lungs, air, and topsoil was composed of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, and iron, with a particulate matter size between 2.5 and 10 µm. We hypothesize Saharan dust, volcanic ash, topsoil, and rock quarry dust are potential sources of siliceous dust inhalation and SLM accumulations lacking chronic inflammation (silicosis); dust generation may be potentiated by road vehicle or wind suspension. Future investigations are warranted on the role of silicate inhalation and respiratory comorbidities in people, with monkeys, mongooses, or chickens serving as possible sentinels for exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall T Walker
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis.,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Oscar Illanes
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis.,Long Island University College of Veterinary Medicine, Brookville, NY
| | - Anne Conan
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis.,City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - David Hilchie
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Pompei Bolfa
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
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Blakey J, Crispo M, Bickford A, Stoute S. Liposarcoma in a Backyard Silkie and Retrospective Summary of Neoplasms Diagnosed in Backyard Chickens Submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, 2008-2017. Avian Dis 2019; 62:124-129. [PMID: 29620466 DOI: 10.1637/11782-121217-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcomas are a malignant neoplasm of adipocytes, and are rarely diagnosed in avian species. This case report describes the evidence supporting a diagnosis of metastatic liposarcoma in a backyard silkie chicken. On September 28, 2017, a dead 3-yr-old backyard silkie chicken, with a history of unknown skin lesions involving the entire body and severe weight loss, was submitted to California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-Turlock branch for necropsy. At necropsy, raised necrotic lesions involving the majority of the skin and multiple nodules in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow were noticed. Microscopically, stellate, spindle, and myxoid cells containing large vacuoles, which were confirmed as lipid droplets by Oil Red O, were observed infiltrating the dermis and underlying a necrotic epidermis, with metastasis to liver, spleen, bone marrow, and ovary being the most significant findings. PAS, Oil Red O, Ziehl-Neelsen, Congo red, Gram, and Von Kossa stains, along with immunohistochemistry for pan cytokeratin, vimentin, S100, CD3, pp38, and Meq were used to classify the lesions. Intensely positive vimentin immunohistochemistry, along with large quantities of Oil Red O-positive lipid droplets within the neoplastic cells, were supportive of our diagnosis of liposarcoma. The incidence of neoplastic diseases diagnosed in backyard flock submissions to CAHFS system wide from 2008 to 2017 was also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blakey
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Manuela Crispo
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Arthur Bickford
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
| | - Simone Stoute
- California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Turlock Branch, 1550 North Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95381
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Timurkaan N, Eroksuz H, Ongor H, Cevik A, Karabulut B, Toraman ZA, Eroksuz Y, Incili CA. Concurrent Occurrence of Lower Respiratory Aspergillosis and Pneumoconiosis in a Turkey Flock. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study describes a concurrent occurrence of lower respiratory aspergillosis and pneumoconiosis in a turkey flock. From one flock of 1000 turkeys, 4 clinically affected turkeys were examined pathologically and microbiologically. Clinically affected turkeys showed anorexia, lethargy, drooping of the wing, vomiting, dyspnea and open-beak breathing, or sudden dead. Gross lesions were observed in the air sacs and lungs which presented white to yellowish granulomas of varying size. Microscopic there was multifocal granulomatous airsacculitis and pneumonia. At the center of the granulomas, fungal hyphae were clearly highlighted in the lungs and air sacs by Gomori methenamie silver (GMS) staining. In the microbiological cultivation of the affected lungs and air sacs, Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Furthermore, dark black dust accumulations were present in the cytoplasm of macrophages or interstitial tissue in the lungs and air sacs. There were also fibrosis and lymphohistiocytic cell infiltrations around the particles. Overall, this study could implicated that pneumoconiosis might be a predisposing factor in the development of respiratory aspergillosis in turkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Necati Timurkaan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Hatice Eroksuz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Hasan Ongor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Aydin Cevik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Burak Karabulut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Zulal Asci Toraman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Yesari Eroksuz
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
| | - Canan Akdeniz Incili
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig , Turkey
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Zafra R, Pérez J, Mozos E, Galka M, Bautista MJ. Concurrent pulmonary adenocarcinoma and silicate pneumoconiosis in a red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). Avian Dis 2011; 55:128-32. [PMID: 21500649 DOI: 10.1637/9462-071410-case.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An adult red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) presented with concurrent pulmonary carcinoma and severe silicosis. The animal was submitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Córdoba (Spain) because of respiratory signs, and it died during clinical examination. At postmortem examination, numerous firm, whitish to yellowish nodules involving the lungs, mainly the right lobe, were found. The histopathologic study revealed numerous peribronchiolar large granulomatous lesions composed of macrophages, which showed abundant cytoplasm containing numerous birefringent crystals identified as silicates by transmission electron microscopy. An epithelial neoplasm showing papillary, acinar, and solid patterns occupied large areas of the pulmonary parenchyma. The histopathologic and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a pulmonary carcinoma. Small tumor nests were often located close to the granulomatous lesions. This is the first report of concurrent pneumoconiosis and pulmonary carcinoma in a nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zafra
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-C:diz km. 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
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Vogel UF, Pfannenberg C, Renck T, Müller-Wening D, Bültmann B. Silicotic mediastinal lymphadenopathy can cause left vocal cord paralysis and dysphagia. Virchows Arch 2007; 451:737-40. [PMID: 17628828 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-007-0439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 06/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Brasser HJ, Gürbo??a G, Kroon JJ, Kolar ZI, Wolterbeek HT, Volkers KJ, Krijger GC. Preparation of31Si-labelled silicate: a radiotracer for silicon studies in biosystems. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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