1
|
Atazadegan MA, Bagherniya M, Askari G, Tasbandi A, Sahebkar A. The Effects of Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Natural Compounds on Homocysteine. Molecules 2021; 26:3081. [PMID: 34064073 PMCID: PMC8196702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in global communities. By 2030, CVD-related deaths are projected to reach a global rise of 25 million. Obesity, smoking, alcohol, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia are several known risk factors for CVDs. Elevated homocysteine is tightly related to CVDs through multiple mechanisms, including inflammation of the vascular endothelium. The strategies for appropriate management of CVDs are constantly evolving; medicinal plants have received remarkable attention in recent researches, since these natural products have promising effects on the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. The effects of nutraceuticals and herbal products on CVD/dyslipidemia have been previously studied. However, to our knowledge, the association between herbal bioactive compounds and homocysteine has not been reviewed in details. Thus, the main objective of this study is to review the efficacy of bioactive natural compounds on homocysteine levels according to clinical trials and animal studies. RESULTS Based on animal studies, black and green tea, cinnamon, resveratrol, curcumin, garlic extract, ginger, and soy significantly reduced the homocysteine levels. According to the clinical trials, curcumin and resveratrol showed favorable effects on serum homocysteine. In conclusion, this review highlighted the beneficial effects of medicinal plants as natural, inexpensive, and accessible agents on homocysteine levels based on animal studies. Nevertheless, the results of the clinical trials were not uniform, suggesting that more well-designed trials are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Atazadegan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
- Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Aida Tasbandi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran;
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948954, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anggadiredja K, Ufamy N, Amalia L, Fisheri Kurniati N, Bahana Maulida Reyaan I. Ameliorating Effects of Four-Week Fiber-Multivitamin Combination Treatment on Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, and Apolipoprotein B Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Participants. J Diet Suppl 2018; 17:173-183. [PMID: 30380357 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1494663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is one of the leading causes of death and requires lipid-lowering treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Effective and safe alternative and adjunctive therapies could be beneficial for patients with hyperlipidemia. To assess the effect of a fiber-multivitamin combination product on the lipid parameters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in patients with hypercholesterolemia, we conducted a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. Forty-one out of 50 randomized hypercholesterolemic participants recruited between August 2016 and March 2018 completed the trial. The participants were assigned to receive either test product (treatment group, n = 20) or placebo (placebo group, n = 21) for 4 weeks following a 6-week dietary intervention (based on education from a dietitian) run-in period. The primary outcome was LDL-c levels and the secondary outcomes were HDL-c, TC, TG, and Apo B levels. All of the outcomes were measured at baseline and week 4 after the completion of run-in period. Participants in both groups had similar LDL-c levels (142 ± 15.7 vs. 143 ± 19.3 mg/dL). After 4 weeks of exposure to test product, participants in the treatment group demonstrated a 17.25 ± 22.26 reduction in LDL-c (p < .05 vs. placebo). This improvement in LDL-c was accompanied by amelioration in TC and Apo B levels, without any detrimental effects on HDL and TG concentration. Results of the present study suggest that fiber-vitamin combination has potential to be used as an adjunct therapy for the management of hypercholesterolemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kusnandar Anggadiredja
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nazhifa Ufamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia.,Faculty of Medicine, Jenderal Achmad Yani University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Lia Amalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Neng Fisheri Kurniati
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Irianti Bahana Maulida Reyaan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), Bandung, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mierzecki A, Kłoda K, Bukowska H, Chełstowski K, Makarewicz-Wujec M, Kozłowska-Wojciechowska M. Association between low-dose folic acid supplementation and blood lipids concentrations in male and female subjects with atherosclerosis risk factors. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:733-9. [PMID: 24002360 PMCID: PMC3767584 DOI: 10.12659/msm.889087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folic acid (FA) is one of the B complex vitamins. It is thought that FA deficiency promotes atherosclerosis formation in arterial endothelium. FA, acting through reducing homocysteine (Hcy) levels, may contribute to decreased cholesterol (Ch) synthesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of low-dose folic acid supplementation with blood lipids concentrations in subjects with atherosclerosis risk factors. Material/Methods The study enrolled 124 Caucasian individuals (60 M, ages 20–39; and 64 F, ages 19–39) with atherosclerosis risk factors (family history of premature ischemic stroke, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity, cigarette smoking, and low level of physical activity). The participants were asked to take FA at a low dose of 0.4 mg/24 h for 12 weeks. Results FA levels increased in females (6.3 vs. 12.5 ng/dL; p=0.001) and males (6.4 vs. 11.4 ng/dL; p=0.001) and Hcy levels decreased (10.6 vs. 8.3 μmol/L; p=0.001 and 11.5 vs. 9.3; p=0.001, respectively). A significant reduction in mean concentration of total cholesterol in females (203.4 vs. 193.1 mg/dL; p=0.001) and in males (209.5 vs. 201.9; p=0.002) was observed. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels decreased in females and in males (107.4 vs. 99.9 mg/dL; p=0.001 and 121.5 vs. 115.1; p=0.002, respectively). The apoAI concentrations increased in smoking women and in men with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (p=0.032 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusions Low-dose FA supplementation has a beneficial effect on blood lipids through decreasing concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL-C and increasing concentrations of apoAI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Mierzecki
- Independent Laboratory of Family Physician Education, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dietary Fiber and Nutrient Density Are Inversely Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in US Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 111:1688-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jada.2011.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
5
|
César TB, Rodrigues LU, Araújo MSPD, Aptekmann NP. Suco de laranja reduz o colesterol em indivíduos normolipidêmicos. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objetivos Neste estudo foi investigado o efeito do consumo habitual de suco de laranja no perfil dos lípides e lipoproteínas em homens e mulheres normolipidêmicos. Métodos Todos os voluntários (n=29) consumiram 750mL/dia de suco de laranja durante 60 dias. Variáveis bioquímicas como perfil lipídico, apolipoproteínas, glicose, paraoxonase1 e o tamanho de HDL foram medidas antes e após o período de suplementação com suco de laranja. Também foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e inquéritos dietéticos. Resultados O consumo crônico de suco de laranja reduziu significativamente o colesterol total nos homens (11%, p<0,05) e nas mulheres (10%, p<0,05) e o LDL-C nos homens e mulheres (15%, p<0,05). O HDL-C e a apoA-I também diminuíram, refletindo a redução do colesterol total. Os triacilgliceróis, apo B, PON1, tamanho da HDL, IMC, gordura corporal e circunferência abdominal não foram modificados com o tratamento com suco de laranja. Conclusão Neste estudo, mostrou-se que o suco de laranja apresenta propriedade redutora sobre o colesterol, e foi sugerido que a associação dos flavonóides cítricos com a vitamina C previne o estresse oxidativo e o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose.
Collapse
|
6
|
Mirmiran P, Noori N, Zavareh MB, Azizi F. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Metabolism 2009; 58:460-8. [PMID: 19303965 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The international guidelines issued by the World Health Organization recommend reduction in dietary saturated fat and cholesterol intakes as means to prevent hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, only limited data are available on the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption on CVD risk factors in a community-based population. The aim of this study was to examine whether, and to what extent, intake of fruits and vegetables is inversely associated with CVD risk factors in adults. In this population-based cross-sectional study, a representative sample of 840 Tehranian adults (male and female) aged 18 to 74 years was randomly selected in 1998. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle and nutritional confounders was used in 2 models. After adjusting for confounders, dietary fruit and vegetable were found to be significantly and inversely associated with CVD risk factors. Adjusted odds ratio for high low-density lipoprotein concentrations were 1.00, 0.88, 0.81, and 0.75 (P for trend < .01) in the first model, which was adjusted for age, sex, keys score, body mass index, energy intake, smoking status, dietary cholesterol, and history of diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease, a trend which was not appreciably altered by additional adjustment for education, physical activity, and saturated, polyunsaturated, and total fat intakes. This association was observed across categories of smoking status, physical activity, and tertiles of the Keys score. Exclusion of subjects with prevalent diabetes mellitus or coronary artery disease did not alter these results significantly. Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with lower concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and with the risk of CVD per se in a dose-response manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Mirmiran
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (M.C.), PO Box: 19395-4763 Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qi L, van Dam RM, Liu S, Franz M, Mantzoros C, Hu FB. Whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber intakes and markers of systemic inflammation in diabetic women. Diabetes Care 2006; 29:207-11. [PMID: 16443861 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the dietary predictors for the markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined whether intakes of whole grains and dietary fiber were associated with inflammatory indicators among 902 diabetic women in the Nurses' Health Study. RESULTS After adjustment for age, BMI, lifestyle, and dietary covariates, intakes of whole grains and bran were both associated with significantly decreasing trends of C-reactive protein (CRP) (P for trend = 0.03 and 0.007, respectively) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 (TNF-R2) (P for trend = 0.017 and 0.06). High intake of cereal fiber was also inversely associated with the lower levels of CRP (P for trend = 0.03) and TNF-R2 (P for trend = 0.01). The concentrations of CRP and TNF-R2 were 18 and 8% lower in the highest quintile of cereal fiber as compared with the lowest quintile. Dietary glycemic index was positively associated with CRP (P for trend = 0.04) and TNF-R2 (P for trend = 0.0008) levels. The concentrations of CRP and TNF-R2 were 32 and 11% higher, respectively, in the highest quintile of dietary glycemic index as compared with the lowest quintile. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that whole grains and a low-glycemic index diet may reduce systemic inflammation among women with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Araki R, Maruyama C, Igarashi S, Yoshida M, Maruyama T, Satoh T, Yoshida M, Umegaki K. Effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in young Japanese male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2005; 60:573-9. [PMID: 16391577 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in young Japanese male subjects. DESIGN In a double blind, randomized controlled trial. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four groups and received a placebo (control group), 800 microg/day folic acid (FA group), 8.4 mg/day riboflavin (R group), or both (FAR group) for 2 weeks. SETTING Tokyo, Japan. SUBJECTS In total, 32 healthy male volunteers aged 20-29 years. RESULTS At the end of the 2 week supplementation period, the tHcy concentration decreased significantly in the FA group. Serum folate concentrations had increased between 2.7 and 2.0-fold in the FA and FAR groups, respectively, but the mean within-group changes in serum folate and plasma tHcy concentrations did not differ between these two groups. At the end of the study, alanine amino transferase was decreased in the R and FAR groups, while alanine amino transferase was increased in the FA group. CONCLUSION Supplementation with folic acid, 800 microg/day, for 2 weeks, increased the serum and red blood cell folate concentrations and decreased the plasma tHcy concentrations in healthy young male subjects. Riboflavin supplementation may have blunted the effect of folic acid, which resulted in a diminished reduction of tHcy in our subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Araki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Castro IA, Barroso LP, Sinnecker P. Functional foods for coronary heart disease risk reduction: a meta-analysis using a multivariate approach. Am J Clin Nutr 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inar A Castro
- From the Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition (IAC and PS), Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, and the Statistics Department, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (LPB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia P Barroso
- From the Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition (IAC and PS), Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, and the Statistics Department, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (LPB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sinnecker
- From the Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition (IAC and PS), Pharmaceutical Science Faculty, and the Statistics Department, Institute of Mathematics and Statistics (LPB), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chai YM, Lim BK, Lee JY, Kim MN, Park MR, Rhee SJ. Effects of manufactured soluble dietary fiber from Quercus mongolica on hepatic HMG-CoA reductase and lipoprotein lipase activities in epididymal adipose tissue of rats fed high cholesterol diets. J Med Food 2004; 6:329-36. [PMID: 14977441 DOI: 10.1089/109662003772519886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a manufactured soluble dietary fiber on lipid metabolism in rats fed high cholesterol diets. Soluble dietary fiber was prepared from wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica). Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 +/- 10 g were randomly assigned to either a normal diet or five high cholesterol diets containing 1% cholesterol and different fiber supplements. The high cholesterol groups were subdivided into fiber-free diet (FF), 5% pectin (5P), 10% pectin (10P), 5% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (5QM), and 10% manufactured soluble dietary fiber (10QM) groups. Total serum cholesterol concentrations in all soluble dietary fiber-supplemented groups were lower than in the FF group. The high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentration in the FF group was significantly lower, compared with the normal group, but was increased in groups supplemented with soluble dietary fiber. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and the atherogenic index had the same tendency as total cholesterol concentration. Compared with the FF group, in the 5P, 5QM, 10P, and 10QM groups hepatic triglyceride concentrations were 12%, 16%, 20%, and 24% lower, respectively, and hepatic cholesterol concentrations were 48%, 52%, 52%, and 58% lower, respectively. Hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity in the soluble fiber groups was significantly higher than in the FF groups, but lower than the normal group. When hepatic tissue was observed under a light microscope, the FF group had completely formed lipomas in the hepatic tissue, which led to fat deposits and then a fatty liver. The size and number of lipomas were lower in the soluble dietary fiber-fed groups, as compared with the group not fed dietary fiber. In conclusion, improvements in lipid metabolism were observed as a result of the manufactured soluble dietary fiber from the oak chips, and were similar to that seen for pectin. The preparation method for the soluble dietary fiber from oak chips successfully produced a functional soluble fiber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Mi Chai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Djoussé L, Arnett DK, Coon H, Province MA, Moore LL, Ellison RC. Fruit and vegetable consumption and LDL cholesterol: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:213-7. [PMID: 14749225 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/79.2.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An elevated LDL-cholesterol concentration is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The association between fruit and vegetable consumption and LDL has been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether a high intake of fruit and vegetables is inversely associated with LDL concentrations. DESIGN We used data collected from 4466 subjects in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to study the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and serum LDL. We used a food-frequency questionnaire to assess fruit and vegetable intakes and regression models to estimate adjusted mean LDL according to fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) age of the men (n = 2047) was 51.5 +/- 14.0 y and that of the women (n = 2419) was 52.2 +/- 13.7 y. The average daily serving of fruit and vegetables was 3.2 +/- 1.7 for men and was 3.5 +/- 1.8 for women. Fruit and vegetable consumption was inversely related to LDL: in the categories 0-1.9, 2.0-2.9, 3.0-3.9, and > or = 4 servings/d, multivariate-adjusted mean (95% CI) LDL concentrations were 3.36 (3.28, 3.44), 3.35 (3.27, 3.43), 3.26 (3.17, 3.35), and 3.17 (3.09, 3.25) mmol/L, respectively, for men (P for trend < 0.0001) and 3.35 (3.26, 3.44), 3.22 (3.14, 3.30), 3.21 (3.13, 3.29), and 3.11 (3.04, 3.18), respectively, for women (P for trend < 0.0001). This association was observed across categories of age, education, smoking status, physical activity, and tertiles of Keys score. Exclusion of subjects with prevalent diabetes mellitus or coronary artery disease did not alter these results significantly. CONCLUSION Consumption of fruit and vegetables is inversely related to LDL in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Djoussé
- Section of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jones JM, Reicks M, Adams J, Fulcher G, Marquart L. Becoming Proactive With the Whole-Grains Message. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 39:10-17. [PMID: 15076705 DOI: 10.1097/00017285-200401000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Whole-grain foods have always been considered a healthy part of the diet. Only recently have epidemiologic and other data shown that whole grains have a role in preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some types of cancer, and even obesity. What nearly all consumers and most health professionals fail to realize is that whole grains deliver as many if not more phytochemicals and antioxidants than do fruits and vegetables. Healthy People 2010 (DHHS) recommends 3 servings of whole grains per day. Because the average intake in the United States is less than 1 serving per day, health professionals must mount an active campaign to help consumers better understand the important health benefits of whole grains and work to increase their intake in the diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Miller Jones
- Julie Miller Jones, PhD, CNS, LD, is a professor of nutrition at the College of St. Catherine in St. Paul, Minn, and an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota. Professor Jones is a past president of the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC). She is current chair of the Nutrition Division of the Institute Food Technologists and worked actively on the Dietary Fiber Definition for the AACC/ International Life Sciences Institute. She is actively working with others to form a consortium to increase the intake of whole-grain foods.; Marla Reicks, PhD, RD, is an Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.; Judi Adams, MS, RD, is President, Wheat Foods Council, Parker, Colo.; Gary Fulcher, PhD, is a Professor, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.; Len Marquart, PhD, is a Senior Scientist, General Mills Inc., Bell Institute of Health & Nutrition, Minneapolis, Minn
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
National guidelines indicate patients with elevated low- density lipoprotein cholesterol should consume less than 7% of calories from saturated fat and less than 200 mg of cholesterol. Trans fatty acids should also be limited. Incorporation of functional foods, such as stanol-containing margarine, soy products, and soluble fiber-rich cereals and vegetables can provide further benefit. In addition to weight loss and physical activity, individuals with hypertriglyceridemia benefit from a diet moderate in fat and carbohydrate rather than a low-fat diet. Including monounsaturated or omega-3 fatty acids lowers serum triglycerides. Many of the dietary strategies to optimize serum lipids also contribute to glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ann S Carson
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8877, USA.
| |
Collapse
|