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Delforge V, Tard C, Davion JB, Dujardin K, Wissocq A, Dhaenens CM, Mutez E, Huin V. RFC1: Motifs and phenotypes. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2024; 180:393-409. [PMID: 38627134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biallelic intronic expansions (AAGGG)exp in intron 2 of the RFC1 gene have been shown to be a common cause of late-onset ataxia. Since their first description, the phenotypes, neurological damage, and pathogenic variants associated with the RFC1 gene have been frequently updated. Here, we review the various motifs, genetic variants, and phenotypes associated with the RFC1 gene. We searched PubMed for scientific articles published between March 1st, 2019, and January 15th, 2024. The motifs and phenotypes associated with the RFC1 gene are highly heterogeneous, making molecular diagnosis and clinical screening and investigation challenging. In this review we will provide clues to give a better understanding of RFC1 disease. We briefly discuss new methods for molecular diagnosis, the origin of cough in RFC1 disease, and research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Delforge
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C Tard
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement disorders, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - J-B Davion
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement disorders, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - K Dujardin
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement disorders, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - A Wissocq
- Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - C-M Dhaenens
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - E Mutez
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Neurology and Movement disorders, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - V Huin
- Inserm, U1172 - LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, CHU de Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France; Department of Toxicology and Genopathies, UF Neurobiology, CHU de Lille, 59000 Lille, France.
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Mohamed W, Kumar J, Alghamdi BS, Soliman AH, Toshihide Y. Neurodegeneration and inflammation crosstalk: Therapeutic targets and perspectives. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023; 14:95-110. [PMID: 37388502 PMCID: PMC10300452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glia, which was formerly considered to exist just to connect neurons, now plays a key function in a wide range of physiological events, including formation of memory, learning, neuroplasticity, synaptic plasticity, energy consumption, and homeostasis of ions. Glial cells regulate the brain's immune responses and confers nutritional and structural aid to neurons, making them an important player in a broad range of neurological disorders. Alzheimer's, ALS, Parkinson's, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and epilepsy are a few of the neurodegenerative diseases that have been linked to microglia and astroglia cells, in particular. Synapse growth is aided by glial cell activity, and this activity has an effect on neuronal signalling. Each glial malfunction in diverse neurodegenerative diseases is distinct, and we will discuss its significance in the progression of the illness, as well as its potential for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Mohamed
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Menoufia Medical School, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Nobileau A, Gaurav R, Chougar L, Faucher A, Valabrègue R, Mangone G, Leu-Semenescu S, Lejeune FX, Corvol JC, Arnulf I, Vidailhet M, Grabli D, Degos B, Lehéricy S. Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Subcoeruleus Complex in Patients with Typical and Atypical Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2023; 38:479-484. [PMID: 36592065 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The locus coeruleus/subcoeruleus complex (LC/LsC) is a structure comprising melanized noradrenergic neurons. OBJECTIVE To study the LC/LsC damage across Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism in a large group of subjects. METHODS We studied 98 healthy control subjects, 47 patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), 75 patients with PD plus RBD, 142 patients with PD without RBD, 19 patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 19 patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA). Twelve patients with MSA had proven RBD. LC/LsC signal intensity was derived from neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging using automated software. RESULTS The signal intensity was reduced in all parkinsonian syndromes compared with healthy control subjects, except in PD without RBD. The signal intensity decreased as age increased. Moreover, the signal intensity was lower in MSA than in isolated RBD and PD without RBD groups. In PD, the signal intensity correlated negatively with the percentage of REM sleep without atonia. There were no differences in signal intensity between PD plus RBD, PSP, and MSA. CONCLUSIONS Neuromelanin signal intensity was reduced in all parkinsonian disorders, except in PD without RBD. The presence of RBD in parkinsonian disorders appears to be associated with lower neuromelanin signal intensity. Furthermore, lower LC/LsC signal changes in PSP could be partly caused by the effect of age. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Nobileau
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research, Paris, France
- Department de Neuroradiology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Rahul Gaurav
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research, Paris, France
- ICM, Team "Movement Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), Paris, France
| | - Lydia Chougar
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research, Paris, France
- Department de Neuroradiology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- ICM, Team "Movement Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), Paris, France
| | - Alice Faucher
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Romain Valabrègue
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research, Paris, France
| | - Graziella Mangone
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department de Neurology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Smaranda Leu-Semenescu
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François-Xavier Lejeune
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department de Neurology, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Neurosciences, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Team "Movement Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), Paris, France
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Team "Movement Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), Paris, France
- Department de Neurology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Grabli
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- Department de Neurology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- Dynamics and Pathophysiology of Neuronal Networks Team, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, CNRS UMR7241/INSERM U1050, Université PSL, Paris, France
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpital Avicenne, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Paris-Seine Saint Denis, Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7225, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
- ICM, Center for NeuroImaging Research, Paris, France
- Department de Neuroradiology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- ICM, Team "Movement Investigations and Therapeutics" (MOV'IT), Paris, France
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Fatoba O, Itokazu T, Yamashita T. Microglia as therapeutic target in central nervous system disorders. J Pharmacol Sci 2020; 144:102-118. [PMID: 32921391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic microglial activation is associated with the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders. Microglia show phenotypic diversity and functional complexity in diseased CNS. Thus, understanding the pathology-specific heterogeneity of microglial behavior is crucial for the future development of microglia-modulating therapy for variety of CNS disorders. This review summarizes up-to-date knowledge on how microglia contribute to CNS homeostasis during development and throughout adulthood. We discuss the heterogeneity of microglial phenotypes in the context of CNS disorders with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases, demyelinating diseases, CNS trauma, and epilepsy. We conclude this review with a discussion about the disease-specific heterogeneity of microglial function and how it could be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kübler D, Wächter T, Cabanel N, Su Z, Turkheimer FE, Dodel R, Brooks DJ, Oertel WH, Gerhard A. Widespread microglial activation in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 2019; 34:564-568. [PMID: 30726574 PMCID: PMC6659386 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pattern and role of microglial activation in multiple system atrophy is largely unclear. The objective of this study was to use [11C](R)‐PK11195 PET to determine the extent and correlation of activated microglia with clinical parameters in MSA patients. Methods Fourteen patients with the parkinsonian phenotype of MSA (MSA‐P) with a mean disease duration of 2.9 years (range 2‐5 years) were examined with [11C](R)‐PK11195 PET and compared with 10 healthy controls. Results Patients with the parkinsonian phenotype of MSA showed a significant (P ≤ 0.01) mean increase in binding potentials compared with healthy controls in the caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidum, precentral gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, presubgenual anterior cingulate cortex, and the superior parietal gyrus. No correlations between binding potentials and clinical parameters were found. Conclusions In early clinical stages of the parkinsonian phenotype of MSA, there is widespread microglial activation as a marker of neuroinflammatory changes without correlation to clinical parameters in our patient population. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Kübler
- Movement Disorders Section, Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Wächter
- Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Rehabilitation Centre Bad Gögging, Passauer Wolf, Bad Gögging, Germany
| | - Nicole Cabanel
- Vitos Clinical Centre for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Giessen-Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhangjie Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Dodel
- Chair of Geriatrics, University Hospital Essen, Center for Geriatric Medicine Haus Berge, Essen, Germany
| | - David J Brooks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.,Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Wolfgang H Oertel
- Department of Neurology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Institute for Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Center for Health and Environment, München, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Departments of Nulcear Medicine and Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Germany.,Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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F-18 FP-CIT PET in Multiple System Atrophy of the Cerebellar Type: Additional Role in Treatment. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2017:8598705. [PMID: 29333110 PMCID: PMC5733227 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8598705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the difference in the status of dopamine transporters (DATs) depending on Parkinsonism, cerebellar, and autonomic features using F-18 FP-CIT positron emission tomography (PET) in multiple system atrophy with cerebellar ataxia (MSA-C). We also assessed whether the DAT PET could be useful in the management of MSA-C. Forty-nine patients who were clinically diagnosed as possible to probable MSA-C were included. Based on the F-18 FP-CIT PET results, patients were classified into normal (n = 25) and abnormal (n = 24) scan groups. There were statistically significant differences in rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability, asymmetry, and specific uptake ratio (SUR) between the two groups but no significant differences in tremor and cerebellar/autonomic symptoms. Dopaminergic medications were administered to 22 patients. All seven patients with normal scans showed no change, while 10 of the 15 patients with abnormal scans showed clinical improvement. There was a trend of a negative correlation between levodopa equivalent dose and SUR, but it was not statistically significant. DAT imaging, such as F-18 FP-CIT PET, may be useful in predicting the response to dopaminergic medication regardless of cerebellar/autonomic symptoms in MSA-C. In addition to being used for the diagnosis of the disease, it may be used as a treatment decision index.
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Strzelczyk A, Möller J, Stamelou M, Matusch A, Oertel W. Atypische Parkinson-Syndrome. DER NERVENARZT 2008; 79:1203-20; quiz 1221-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s00115-008-2559-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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