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Dembitsky VM. Naturally Occurring Norsteroids and Their Design and Pharmaceutical Application. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1021. [PMID: 38790983 PMCID: PMC11117879 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to introduce readers to the fascinating class of lipid molecules known as norsteroids, exploring their distribution across various biotopes and their biological activities. The review provides an in-depth analysis of various modified steroids, including A, B, C, and D-norsteroids, each characterized by distinct structural alterations. These modifications, which range from the removal of specific methyl groups to changes in the steroid core, result in unique molecular architectures that significantly impact their biological activity and therapeutic potential. The discussion on A, B, C, and D-norsteroids sheds light on their unique configurations and how these structural modifications influence their pharmacological properties. The review also presents examples from natural sources that produce a diverse array of steroids with distinct structures, including the aforementioned A, B, C, and D-nor variants. These compounds are sourced from marine organisms like sponges, soft corals, and starfish, as well as terrestrial entities such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. The exploration of these steroids encompasses their biosynthesis, ecological significance, and potential medical applications, highlighting a crucial area of interest in pharmacology and natural product chemistry. The review emphasizes the importance of researching these steroids for drug development, particularly in addressing diseases where conventional medications are inadequate or for conditions lacking sufficient therapeutic options. Examples of norsteroid synthesis are provided to illustrate the practical applications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery M Dembitsky
- Centre for Applied Research, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Lethbridge College, 3000 College Drive South, Lethbridge, AB T1K 1L6, Canada
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Jakimiuk K, Gesek J, Atanasov AG, Tomczyk M. Flavonoids as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1016-1028. [PMID: 33980119 PMCID: PMC8128182 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1927006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elastase is a proteolytic enzyme belonging to the family of hydrolases produced by human neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells. Human neutrophil elastase is known to play multiple roles in the human body, but an increase in its activity may cause a variety of diseases. Elastase inhibitors may prevent the development of psoriasis, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disorders (including COVID-19), immune disorders, and even cancers. Among polyphenolic compounds, some flavonoids and their derivatives, which are mostly found in herbal plants, have been revealed to influence elastase release and its action on human cells. This review focuses on elastase inhibitors that have been discovered from natural sources and are biochemically characterised as flavonoids. The inhibitory activity on elastase is a characteristic of flavonoid aglycones and their glycoside and methylated, acetylated and hydroxylated derivatives. The presented analysis of structure-activity relationship (SAR) enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking an inhibitory effect on elastase. Further study especially of the in vivo efficacy and safety of the described natural compounds is of interest in order to gain better understanding of their health-promoting potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jakimiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Gesek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Białystok, Student’s Scientific Association, Białystok, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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3
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Triterpenoids and Flavones of Cameroonian Plectranthus alpinus. Chem Nat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-021-03531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Quiñonez-Bastidas GN, Navarrete A. Mexican Plants and Derivates Compounds as Alternative for Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Treatment-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050865. [PMID: 33923101 PMCID: PMC8145628 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the availability of many anti-pain drugs, in the form of NSAIDs, steroids, gabapentinoids, opioids, and antidepressants, in this study we address the natural compounds belonging to the group of Mexican medicinal plants or "Mexican folk medicine", used for pain management in Mexico. Our interest in this subject is due to the growing idea that "natural is harmless" and to the large number of side effects exhibited in pharmacotherapy. The objective of this review was to document the scientific evidence about Mexican medicinal plants and their derivatives used for inflammatory and neuropathic pain treatment, as well as the mechanisms of action implicated in their antinociceptive effects, their possible adverse effects, and the main pharmacological aspects of each plant or compound. Our data review suggested that most studies on Mexican medicinal plants have used inflammatory experimental models for testing. The anti-pain properties exerted by medicinal plants lack adverse effects, and their toxicological assays report that they are safe to consume; therefore, more studies should be performed on preclinical neuropathic pain models. Moreover, there is no convincing evidence about the possible mechanisms of action involved in the anti-pain properties exerted by Mexican plants. Therefore, the isolation and pharmacological characterization of these plant derivatives' compounds will be important in the design of future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Navarrete
- Correspondence: (G.N.Q.-B.); (A.N.); Tel.: +52-5556225291 (A.N.)
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Koosha S, Mohamed Z, Sinniah A, Alshawsh MA. Evaluation of Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Diosmetin against Human Colon Cancer Xenografts in Athymic Nude Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142522. [PMID: 31295840 PMCID: PMC6680397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the third most common type of cancer in the world. Diosmetin (Dis), a natural O-methylated flavone, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects against different types of cancer. Although the mechanisms of action of Dis against several cancer cell lines are well reported, in vivo anti-tumorigenesis properties of this compound are still obscure. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-tumorigenesis properties of Dis against HCT-116 colon cancer xenografts in nude mice. HCT-116 colon cancer cells were injected in NCr nu/nu nude mice and treatment with Dis was initiated after the tumor volumes reached 100 mm3 and continued for four weeks. On the sacrificing date nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg of Dis showed significant lower tumor volume (264 ± 238.3 mm3) as compared to the untreated group (1428.8 ± 459.6 mm3). Anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly downregulated, while apoptotic protein (Bax) was significantly overexpressed in nude mice treated with 100 mg/kg Dis as compared to untreated mice. In conclusion, our in vivo results indicate that Dis significantly reduces tumor growth rate of HCT-116 colon cancer cells in nude mice at a dose of 100 mg/kg, and has no toxic effects in ICR mice up to 2000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Koosha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ajantha Sinniah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
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Li YH, Li HR, Yang CT, Tian K, Yang C, Sun JX, Wang W, Huang XZ. Three new diterpenoids from Aralia dumetorum. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2019; 21:308-315. [PMID: 30829053 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2019.1567503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three new diterpenoids, dumetoranes A (1) and B (2), melanocane B (3), together with four known ones including melanocane A (4), ent-15S,16-dihydroxypimar-8(14)-en-19-oic acid (5), ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid (6), and ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-ol (7) were obtained from the ethanol extract of the roots of Aralia dumetorum. Their structure elucidation was achieved by the methods of spectroscopic HRMS, IR, NMR, and by comparison with literature. The cytotoxicities of compounds 1-3 and 5 were assayed by in vitro MTT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Li
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Hong-Rui Li
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Chun-Tao Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Kai Tian
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Cui Yang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Jing-Xian Sun
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
| | - Xiang-Zhong Huang
- a Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy , Yunnan Minzu University , Kunming 650504 , China
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Hernández-García E, García A, Garza-González E, Avalos-Alanís FG, Rivas-Galindo VM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Alcantar-Rosales VM, Delgadillo-Puga C, Del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Chemical composition of Acacia farnesiana (L) wild fruits and its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 230:74-80. [PMID: 30367988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Mexico, plants are an important element of traditional medicine, and many are considered part of Mexican cultural heritage from prehispanic and colonial times. Nevertheless, relatively few systematic scientific studies have been conducted to fully characterize the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Mexican medicinal plants. Acacia farnesiana is used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat dysentery and tuberculosis and therefore could have bioactive compounds that may explain its traditional use. AIMS OF THE STUDY i) To isolate and characterize the compounds from the hexanic, chloroformic and methanolic extracts; ii) to identify the volatile compounds from methylated hexanic and chloroformic extracts using GC-FID and GC-MS methods; iii) to identify the compounds from methanolic and aqueous extracts using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS; iv) to test the activity of extracts and isolated compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. farnesiana fruits were collected in Acatlán de Osorio, Puebla, Mexico. Hexanic, chloroformic, methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and analyzed by different chromatographic techniques including column chromatography, flash chromatography, GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Structural elucidation was carried out by NMR spectroscopic analysis. The activity of extracts, phytochemicals and semi-synthetic derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and G122 as well as dysentery bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) was determined by the broth microdilution method and reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC µg/mL). RESULTS From both hexane and chloroform extracts, tetracosanoic acid (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1) and (3β,22E)-estigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated and characterized. From the methanolic extract, methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4), (3β,22E)-estigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2S) naringenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (prunin, 5), pinitol (6) and sucrose (7) were isolated and characterized. Furthermore, hexanic and chloroformic extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and 18 methylated fatty acids were identified for each extract in addition to three sterols. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were analyzed separately by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and 15 compounds were identified in each extract. The compounds 1, 2, and 7, in addition to 13 fatty acids and eight phenolic compounds, were identified for the first time in A. farnesiana. The extracts showed antitubercular (MIC 100-200 µg/mL) and antidysentery activity (MIC 100-200 µg/mL). Methyl gallate and its acetylated derivative showed activity against the sensible strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values of 50-25 µg/mL, respectively. The flavanone prunin showed activity against multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis G122 (MIC 50 μg/mL). Methyl gallate, gallic acid and prunin showed activity against C. jejuni (MIC 50 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The activity of tested extracts and isolated compounds against M. tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria justifies the ethnomedical use of A. farnesiana fruits for the treatment of tuberculosis and dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hernández-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Abraham García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Av. Gonzalitos y Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Francisco G Avalos-Alanís
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Verónica M Rivas-Galindo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Av. Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. 2 de Abril S/N, Tecnológico, CP 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Victor M Alcantar-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Servicios Analíticos, Sede Noreste, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Vía de la Innovación 404, CP 66628 Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Pu DB, Du BW, Chen W, Gao JB, Hu K, Shi N, Li YM, Zhang XJ, Zhang RH, Li XN, Zhang HB, Wang F, Xiao WL. Premnafulvol A: A Diterpenoid with a 6/5/7/3-Fused Tetracyclic Core and Its Biosynthetically Related Analogues from Premna fulva. Org Lett 2018; 20:6314-6317. [PMID: 30256123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De-Bing Pu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bao-Wen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jun-Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Rui-Han Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong-Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource of Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Claudia DP, Mario CH, Arturo NO, Omar Noel MC, Antonio NC, Teresa RA, Zenón Gerardo LT, Margarita DM, Marsela Alejandra ÁI, Yessica Rosalina CM, Vanessa SQ, Francisco Enrique G, Iván TV, Janette FC, María Del Rayo CC, José PC. Phenolic Compounds in Organic and Aqueous Extracts from Acacia farnesiana Pods Analyzed by ULPS-ESI-Q-oa/TOF-MS. In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Response in CD-1 Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:E2386. [PMID: 30231503 PMCID: PMC6225385 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acacia farnesiana (AF) pods have been traditionally used to treat dyspepsia, diarrhea and topically for dermal inflammation. Main objectives: (1) investigate the antioxidant activity and protection against oxidative-induced damage of six extracts from AF pods and (2) their capacity to curb the inflammation process as well as to down-regulate the pro-inflammatory mediators. METHODS Five organic extracts (chloroformic, hexanic, ketonic, methanolic, methanolic:aqueous and one aqueous extract) were obtained and analyzed by UPLC-ESI-Q-oa/TOF-MS. Antioxidant activity (DPPH•, ORAC and FRAP assays) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay) were performed. Assessment of anti-inflammatory properties was made by the ear edema induced model in CD-1 mice and MPO activity assay. Likewise, histological analysis, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, COX measurements plus nitrite and immunohistochemistry analysis were carried out. RESULTS Methyl gallate, gallic acid, galloyl glucose isomer 1, galloyl glucose isomer 2, galloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 1, digalloyl glucose isomer 2, digalloyl glucose isomer 3, digalloyl glucose isomer 4, hydroxytyrosol acetate, quinic acid, and caffeoylmalic acid were identified. Both organic and aqueous extracts displayed antioxidant activity. All extracts exhibited a positive effect on the interleukins, COX and immunohistochemistry assays. CONCLUSION All AF pod extracts can be effective as antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delgadillo Puga Claudia
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | - Cuchillo-Hilario Mario
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | - Navarro Ocaña Arturo
- Departamento de Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - Medina-Campos Omar Noel
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - Nieto Camacho Antonio
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | - Ramírez Apan Teresa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico.
| | | | - Díaz Martínez Margarita
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal Dr. Fernando Pérez-Gil Romo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | - Álvarez-Izazaga Marsela Alejandra
- Departamento de Nutrición Aplicada y Educación Nutricional, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Gómez Francisco Enrique
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | - Torre-Villalvazo Iván
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | - Furuzawa Carballeda Janette
- Departamento de Inmunología y Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), CDMX 14080, Mexico.
| | | | - Pedraza-Chaverri José
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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Boonsombat J, Mahidol C, Chawengrum P, Reuk-Ngam N, Chimnoi N, Techasakul S, Ruchirawat S, Thongnest S. Roscotanes and roscoranes: Oxygenated abietane and pimarane diterpenoids from Kaempferia roscoeana. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 143:36-44. [PMID: 28759790 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Eight previously undescribed ditepenoids, including four oxygenated abietanes (roscotanes A-D) and four oxygenated pimaranes (roscoranes A-D), along with twelve known diterpenoids were isolated from the whole plants of Kaempferia roscoeana. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the structure of roscotane A was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antimalarial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutatip Boonsombat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Chulabhorn Mahidol
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chemical Biology Program, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pornsuda Chawengrum
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chemical Biology Program, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nanthawan Reuk-Ngam
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nitirat Chimnoi
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supanna Techasakul
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chemical Biology Program, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Center for Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), CHE, Ministry of Education, Thailand
| | - Sanit Thongnest
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
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Sak K. The Val158Met polymorphism in COMT gene and cancer risk: role of endogenous and exogenous catechols. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 49:56-83. [PMID: 27826992 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1258075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase, COMT, is an important phase II enzyme catalyzing the transfer of a methyl-group from S-adenosylmethionine to a catechol-containing substrate molecule. A genetic variant Val158Met in the COMT gene leads to a several-fold decrease in the enzymatic activity giving rise to the accumulation of potentially carcinogenic endogenous catechol estrogens and their reactive intermediates and increasing thus the risk of tumorigenesis. However, numerous association studies between the COMT genotype and susceptibility to various malignancies have shown inconsistent and controversial findings indicating that additional gene-gene and gene-environment interactions might be crucial in modulating the physiological role of the COMT. In this review article, the important contribution of dietary catechol-containing flavonoids to modification of the relationships between the COMT genotype and cancer risk is discussed. Whereas, the diverse anticancer activities of common phytochemicals, such as green tea polyphenols, quercetin, fisetin or luteolin, can be markedly changed (both decreased or increased) by the COMT-mediated O-methylation of these exogenous substrates, flavonoids can also behave as potent inhibitors of the COMT enzyme slowing detoxification of endogenous catechol estrogens. Such a many-featured functioning of the COMT and its complex regulation by several different genetic and environmental factors, including plant-based food ingredients, emphasizes the necessity to further stratify the association studies between the COMT genotype and tumor risk by consumption of catechol-containing dietary flavonoids. Currently, it can be only speculated that some of the possible associations might be masked by the regular intake of specific food polyphenols, taking effect in certain communities or populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- a Department of Hematology and Oncology , Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu , Tartu , Estonia
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Zhao M, Du L, Tao J, Qian D, Shang EX, Jiang S, Guo J, Liu P, Su SL, Duan JA. Determination of metabolites of diosmetin-7-O-glucoside by a newly isolated Escherichia coli from human gut using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:11441-11448. [PMID: 25382172 DOI: 10.1021/jf502676j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Different human intestinal bacteria were isolated and screened for their ability to transform diosmetin-7-O-glucoside. A Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, strain 4, capable of metabolizing diosmetin-7-O-glucoside was newly isolated. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence displayed 99% similarity with that of Escherichia. Then strain 4 was identified as a species of the genus Escherichia and was named Escherichia sp. 4. Additionally, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technique combined with Metabolynx software method was established to screen the metabolites of diosmetin-7-O-glucoside. Comparing the retention time and MS/MS spectrum, three metabolites were detected and tentatively identified. These metabolites were acquired by four proposed metabolic pathways including dehydroxylation, deglycosylation, methylation, and acetylation. Diosmetin-7-O-glucoside was mainly bioconverted to considerable amounts of diosmetin and minor amounts of acacetin by the majority of the isolated intestinal bacteria such as Escherichia sp. 4. Subsequently, several strains could degrade acacetin to produce methylated and acetylated acacetin. The metabolites and metabolic pathways of diosmetin-7-O-glucoside by human intestinal bacterium Escherichia sp. 4 were first investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
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13
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Sak K. Cytotoxicity of dietary flavonoids on different human cancer types. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:122-46. [PMID: 25125885 PMCID: PMC4127821 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are ubiquitous in nature. They are also in food, providing an essential link between diet and prevention of chronic diseases including cancer. Anticancer effects of these polyphenols depend on several factors: Their chemical structure and concentration, and also on the type of cancer. Malignant cells from different tissues reveal somewhat different sensitivity toward flavonoids and, therefore, the preferences of the most common dietary flavonoids to various human cancer types are analyzed in this review. While luteolin and kaempferol can be considered as promising candidate agents for treatment of gastric and ovarian cancers, respectively, apigenin, chrysin, and luteolin have good perspectives as potent antitumor agents for cervical cancer; cells from main sites of flavonoid metabolism (colon and liver) reveal rather large fluctuations in anticancer activity probably due to exposure to various metabolites with different activities. Anticancer effect of flavonoids toward blood cancer cells depend on their myeloid, lymphoid, or erythroid origin; cytotoxic effects of flavonoids on breast and prostate cancer cells are highly related to the expression of hormone receptors. Different flavonoids are often preferentially present in certain food items, and knowledge about the malignant tissue-specific anticancer effects of flavonoids could be purposely applied both in chemoprevention as well as in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Sak
- Non Government Organization Praeventio, Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Cao Y, Chen ZJ, Jiang HD, Chen JZ. Computational Studies of the Regioselectivities of COMT-Catalyzed Meta-/Para-O Methylations of Luteolin and Quercetin. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:470-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410296s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Jian Chen
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Di Jiang
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- Institute
of Materia Medica,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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15
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Patel K, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V, Patel DK. A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosmetin: A concise report. Chin J Integr Med 2013; 19:792-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-013-1595-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Manríquez-Torres JJ, Torres-Valencia JM, Velázquez-Jiménez R, Valdez-Calderón A, Alvarado-Rodríguez JG, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Joseph-Nathan P. A macrocyclic dimeric diterpene with a C2 symmetry axis. Org Lett 2013; 15:4658-61. [PMID: 23937093 DOI: 10.1021/ol401890v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented macrocyclic dimeric diterpene containing a C2 symmetry axis was isolated from Acacia schaffneri . This compound, named schaffnerine, was characterized as (5S,7S,8R,9R,10S,17S,5'S,7'S,8'R,9'R,10'S,17'S)-7,8:7,17':16,17:17,7':7',8':16',17'-hexaepoxy-7,8-seco-7',8'-seco-dicassa-13,13'-diene (1) from its spectroscopic data. Comparison of its experimental vibrational circular dichroism spectrum with that calculated using density functional theory, at the B3LYP/DGDZVP level, assigned its preferred conformation and absolute configuration. The latter was confirmed by evaluation of the Flack and Hooft parameters obtained after single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jesús Manríquez-Torres
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184 Mexico, and Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado 14-740, México, D.F., 07000 Mexico
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Chen ZJ, Dai YQ, Kong SS, Song FF, Li LP, Ye JF, Wang RW, Zeng S, Zhou H, Jiang HD. Luteolin is a rare substrate of human catechol-O-methyltransferase favoring a para-methylation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:877-85. [PMID: 23386290 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The study aimed to investigate the regioselectivity of methylation of luteolin (3',4',5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) in human in vitro and in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Recombinant human catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and human liver S9 were utilized to study the kinetics of meta (3')- and para (4')- methylation of luteolin, and urine samples from volunteers after giving a luteolin-containing formulation were collected to determine the ratio of para-/meta-production. The results showed luteolin favored a para-methylation, with a ratio of of para-/meta-production in CLint (1.43 in recombinant human COMT and 1.47 in human liver S9), which was contrary to the known substrates of COMT. However, the result of urine sample assay showed a preference of meta-methylation with a ratio of of para-/meta-production (0.460 ± 0.126). To elucidate the mechanism for different preference of methylation of luteolin in vitro and in vivo, metabolism stability of the meta- and para-methylated luteolin was evaluated in human liver microsomes and recombinant human CYP450s, which revealed that para-methylated luteolin was more easily demethylated by human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 than meta-methylated luteolin. CONCLUSION Luteolin was a rare substrate of human COMT favoring a para-methylation, but further demethylation by human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4/5 caused a preference of accumulation in meta-methylated luteolin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Jian Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
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Manríquez-Torres JJ, Torres-Valencia JM, Gómez-Hurtado MA, Motilva V, García-Mauriño S, Ávila J, Talero E, Cerda-García-Rojas CM, Joseph-Nathan P. Absolute configuration of 7,8-seco-7,8-oxacassane diterpenoids from Acacia schaffneri. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1946-1951. [PMID: 21894904 DOI: 10.1021/np200445y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigations of Acacia schaffneri led to the isolation of the new diterpenoid (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S)-(-)-7,8-seco-7,8-oxacassa-13,15-diene-7,17-diol (1), together with the known (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S)-(-)-7,8-seco-7,8-oxacassa-13,15-dien-7-ol-17-al (2) and (5S,7R,8R,9R,10S)-(-)-7,8-seco-7,8-oxacassa-13,15-dien-7-ol (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while the structure of 1 was determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments and by chemical correlation with 2. Oxidation of 3 afforded conformationally restricted (5S,8R,9R,10S)-(-)-8-hydroxy-7,8-seco-cassa-13,15-dien-7-oic acid ε-lactone (4), which was studied by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy. Comparison of the experimental VCD spectrum of 4 with the DFT//B3PW91/DGDZVP2 calculated spectrum assigned for the first time the absolute configuration of these seco-oxacassane diterpenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jesús Manríquez-Torres
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, 42184 Mexico
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20
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Eldeen IMS, Van Heerden FR, Van Staden J. In vitro biological activities of niloticane, a new bioactive cassane diterpene from the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 128:555-560. [PMID: 20138134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana was reported in African traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Isolation of an active compound in this study from the bark extract may lead to the validation of its efficiency as a traditional crude drug. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to isolate active compound(s) from an ethyl acetate bark extract of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana and to investigate some of its biological activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The isolation process was carried out using bioassay-guided fractionation. The isolated compound was tested for antibacterial activity using the micro-dilution assay; anti-inflammatory activity using the COX-1 and COX-2 assays and investigated for inhibitory effect against acetylcholinesterase using the microplate assay. RESULTS A new bioactive compound was isolated and identified as a cassane diterpene, niloticane. Niloticane showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 4 and 8microg/mL, respectively. With Gram-negative bacteria, niloticane showed weak activity. MIC values obtained were 16 and 33microg/mL against Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli, respectively. In the cyclooxygenase test, niloticane possessed activity with IC50 values of 28 and 210microM against COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. IC50 values observed with indomethacin (positive control) were 3.6microM for COX-1 and 189microM for COX-2. In the acetylcholinesterase test, niloticane showed anti-cholinesterase activity with an IC50 value of 4microM. IC50 values obtained by the galanthamine (positive control) was 2.0microM. CONCLUSION The results obtained support the traditional uses of the bark of Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana in African traditional medicine for the treatment of some ailments that relate to microbial diseases, inflammation and central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M S Eldeen
- Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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Xie YY, Yuan D, Yang JY, Wang LH, Wu CF. Cytotoxic activity of flavonoids from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium on human colon cancer Colon205 cells. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2009; 11:771-778. [PMID: 20183323 DOI: 10.1080/10286020903128470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new p-hydroxyphenylacetyl flavonoid, diosmetin 7-(6''-O-p-hydroxyphenylacetyl)-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (1), was isolated from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'huaiju' cv. nov. (Compositae), together with five known flavonoids, luteolin (2), diosmetin (3), diosmetin 7-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (4), diosmin (5), and scolimoside (6), and four known caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, macranthoin F (7), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (8), 1,3-dicaffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (9), and chlorogenic acid (10). The structure of 1 was elucidated by UV, IR, ESI-TOF-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic activity of compounds 1-5 against human colon cancer cell Colon205 was investigated using MTT assays. Compounds 2 and 3 showed significant cytotoxicities against Colon205, with their IC(50) values being 96.9 and 82.9 microM, respectively. However, compounds 1, 4, and 5 showed little cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, China
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