Polynitromethanes - Unique Reagents in the Synthesis of Nitro-Substituted Heterocycles

Unexpected Heterocyclization of Electrophilic Alkenes by Tetranitromethane in the Presence of Triethylamine. Synthesis of 5-Nitroisoxazoles

A novel reaction of tetranitromethane with electrophilic alkenes in the presence of triethylamine affording substituted 5-nitroisoxazoles is described. Triethylamine reacts with tetranitromethane to generate N-nitrotriethylammonium and trinitromethanide. This process provides the heterocyclization of electrophilic alkenes. A variety of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, esters, amides, phosphonates, nitro, and sulfur compounds was involved in the heterocyclization reaction, and a wide range of functionalized 5-nitroisoxazoles was obtained in good to high yields. The scope and limitations of the reaction and the mechanistic proposal are discussed.