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Strati TM, Sapalidis K, Koimtzis GD, Pavlidis E, Atmatzidis S, Liavas L, Chrysogonidis I, Samoilis G, Zarampouka K, Michailidou K, Kesisoglou II, Kosmidis C. Sigmoido-Cecal Fistula: A Rare Case of Complicated Recurrent Diverticulitis and a Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2018; 19:1386-1392. [PMID: 30464167 PMCID: PMC6266540 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.911790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 76 Final Diagnosis: Complicated recurrent diverticulitis Symptoms: Abdominal pain • bloating • inability to pass stool and gas Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Hartmann’s procedure Specialty: Surgery
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Affiliation(s)
- Titika-Marina Strati
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Sapalidis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios D Koimtzis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efstathios Pavlidis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefanos Atmatzidis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lazaros Liavas
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Chrysogonidis
- Department of Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Samoilis
- Department of Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Zarampouka
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Isaac I Kesisoglou
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christoforos Kosmidis
- Third Department of Surgery, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Pisano U, Deosaran J, Leslie SJ, Rushworth GF, Stewart D, Ford I, Watson AJM. Nicorandil, Gastrointestinal Adverse Drug Reactions and Ulcerations: A Systematic Review. Adv Ther 2016; 33:320-44. [PMID: 26861848 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nicorandil is a popular anti-anginal drug in Europe and Japan. Apart from some common adverse drug reactions (ADR), its safety is satisfactory. Several reports have suggested a link between nicorandil, gastrointestinal (GI) ulceration and fistulas. The review aims to critically appraise, synthesize and present the available evidence of all known GI ADR per anatomical location. METHODS The study complied with the PRISMA statement. Literature and pharmacovigilance databases were used to provide rate and/or calculate parameters (median age, median dose, history of symptoms, length of therapy and healing time after withdrawal of the drug). Differences in distribution of quantitative variables were analyzed via Mann-Whitney test. Correlation between quantitative variables was assessed with a Spearman's correlation coefficient. A p value <0.05 was significant. RESULTS Oral ulcerations occur in 0.2% of the subjects, anal ulcerations are present between 0.07% and 0.37% of patients. Oral and distal GI involvements are the most common ADR (28-29% and 27-31% of all GI ADR, respectively). The hepatobiliary system, the pancreas and salivary glands are not affected by nicorandil exposure. The time to develop oral ulcerations is 74 weeks among people on <30 mg/day compared to only 7.5 weeks in individuals on higher regimens (p = 0.47). There is a significant correlation between dose and ulcer healing time (Spearman's 0.525, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ulcerative disease is a very commonly reported GI ADR. A delayed ulcerative tendency supports the hypothesis of an ulcerogenic metabolite. Nicorandil seems to act as a cause of the ulcerations, but appears to also work in synergy with other promoting factors. Whether the action of the metabolites relies on a specific mechanism or a simple chemical ulceration is still to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Pisano
- Department of General Surgery, Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Derek Stewart
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Trechot P, Petitpain N, Guy C, Pinzano A, Javot L, Schmutz JL, Marie B, Barbaud A. Nicorandil: from ulcer to fistula into adjacent organs. Int Wound J 2012; 10:210-3. [PMID: 22458880 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.00966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil is an original vasodilatator used to control angina by decreasing cardiac preload and afterload. Since 1997, many reports of single or multiple nicorandil-induced ulcerations have been published. To date, eight cases of nicorandil-induced fistula into adjacent organs have been described. The pathogeneses of nicorandil-induced ulceration and fistula into adjacent organs are not yet elucidated. The two main hepatic biotransformation pathways of nicorandil are denitration and reduction of the alkyl chain leading to nicotinamide and niconitic acid which merge into the endogenous pool of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/phosphate. This merging which is known as saturable, may contribute to a slow and abnormal distribution of nicotinamide and nicotinic acid out of the endogenous pool. Under these special conditions, providing these two molecules in situ, nicotinic acid associated with nicotinamide may ulcerate rather recent or maintained trauma. Ulcers and fistulae induced by nicorandil heal after withdrawal. Surgical intervention is unnecessary and inappropriate as it is ineffective and exacerbates morbidity. All practitioners should be correctly informed about these serious but preventable nicorandil side effects, which mostly occur in the elderly and fragile population. In the absence of corrective measures, withdrawal of this original and active drug should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Trechot
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Nancy, Nancy, France.
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