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de Souza JA, Pinto ABG, de Oliveira EC, Coelho DB, Totou NL, de Lima WG, Becker LK. Aerobic exercise training prevents impairment in renal parameters and in body composition of rats fed a high sucrose diet. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:378. [PMID: 34565460 PMCID: PMC8474763 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming training (T) on the renal system and body composition parameters in young animals treated with a high sucrose diet (SUD) during 12 weeks. RESULTS The SUD impaired the physical performance, increased the body adiposity index (BAI), Lee index (LI) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) weight, plasma creatinine and number renal cells nuclei, decreased urinary volume and urinary creatinine excretion besides creatinine clearance. The T reversed the increased the BAI, LI, RAT weight, plasma and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance and number renal cells nuclei in addition to promoting decrease in urinary protein excretion. This study found that eight weeks of swimming physical training protected renal function and restored normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values. Swimming training also contributed to prevention of the onset of a renal inflammatory process and caused a decrease in the risk of development of obesity promoted by SUD decreasing the body composition parameters (BAI, LI, and RAT weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline A de Souza
- Dept. of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson C de Oliveira
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia L Totou
- Dept. of Biological Sciences-ICEB, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lenice K Becker
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil.
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de Souza JA, Becker LK, Batista MAC, de Assis Braga DC, Gomes PM, Alzamora AC, Vieira MAR, de Lima WG, Andrade MGC, de Lima Sanches B, Totou NL, de Assis Dias Martins Júnior F, de Oliveira LB, Antunes VR, Cardoso LM. Swimming training improves cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and prevents renal damage in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:412-426. [PMID: 33347659 DOI: 10.1113/ep088892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does swimming exercise training impact hydro-electrolytic balance, renal function, sympathetic contribution to resting blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na+ ] in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning? What is the main finding and its importance? An exercise-dependent reduction in blood pressure was associated with decreased CSF [Na+ ], sympathetically driven vasomotor tonus and renal fibrosis indicating that the anti-hypertensive effects of swimming training in rats fed a high-sodium diet might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by sodium levels in the CSF rather than changes in blood volume. ABSTRACT High sodium intake is an important factor associated with hypertension. High-sodium intake with exercise training can modify homeostatic hydro-electrolytic balance, but the effects of this association are mostly unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of swimming training (ST) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na+ concentration, sympathetic drive, blood pressure (BP) and renal function of rats fed a 0.9% Na+ (equivalent to 2% NaCl) diet with free access to water for 22 weeks after weaning. Male Wistar rats were assigned to two cohorts: (1) fed standard diet (SD) and (2) fed high-sodium (HS) diet. Each cohort was further divided into trained and sedentary groups. ST normalised BP levels of HS rats as well as the higher sympathetically related pressor activity assessed by pharmacological blockade of ganglionic transmission (hexamethonium). ST preserved the renal function and attenuated the glomerular shrinkage elicited by HS. No change in blood volume was found among the groups. CSF [Na+ ] levels were higher in sedentary HS rats but were reduced by ST. Our findings showed that ST effectively normalised BP of HS rats, independent of its effects on hydro-electrolytic balance, which might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by Na+ levels in the CSF as well as renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Physical Education School at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Magalhães Gomes
- Deptartment of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Lima Sanches
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Deptartment of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Máximo Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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Does early weaning shape future endocrine and metabolic disorders? Lessons from animal models. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:441-451. [PMID: 32487270 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its complications occur at alarming rates worldwide. Epidemiological data have associated perinatal conditions, such as malnutrition, with the development of some disorders, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, in childhood and adulthood. Exclusive breastfeeding has been associated with protection against long-term chronic diseases. However, in humans, the interruption of breastfeeding before the recommended period of 6 months is a common practice and can increase the risk of several metabolic disturbances. Nutritional and environmental changes within a critical window of development, such as pregnancy and breastfeeding, can induce permanent changes in metabolism through epigenetic mechanisms, leading to diseases later in life via a phenomenon known as programming or developmental plasticity. However, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms by which precocious weaning can result in adipose tissue dysfunction and endocrine profile alterations. Here, the authors give a comprehensive report of the different animal models of early weaning and programming that can result in the development of metabolic syndrome. In rats, for example, pharmacological and nonpharmacological early weaning models are associated with the development of overweight and visceral fat accumulation, leptin and insulin resistance, and neuroendocrine and hepatic changes in adult progeny. Sex-related differences seem to influence this phenotype. Therefore, precocious weaning seems to be obesogenic for offspring. A better understanding of this condition seems essential to reducing the risk for diseases. Additionally, this knowledge can generate new insights into therapeutic strategies for obesity management, improving health outcomes.
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de Bem GF, da Costa CA, da Silva Cristino Cordeiro V, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, de Andrade Soares R, Ribeiro JH, de Souza MAV, da Cunha Sousa PJ, Ognibene DT, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) seed extract associated with exercise training reduces hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetic male rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 52:70-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Peixoto-Silva N, Conceição EP, Carvalho JC, Lima NS, Nogueira-Neto JF, de Oliveira E, Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Does bromocriptine play a role in decreasing oxidative stress for early weaned programmed obesity? Life Sci 2014; 95:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Boaventura G, Casimiro-Lopes G, Pazos-Moura CC, Oliveira E, Lisboa PC, Moura EG. Effects of running wheel training on adult obese rats programmed by maternal prolactin inhibition. J Endocrinol 2013; 219:29-37. [PMID: 23863192 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of maternal prolactin production in late lactation leads to metabolic syndrome and hypothyroidism in adult offspring. Physical training is a therapeutic strategy that could prevent or reverse this condition. We evaluated the effects of a short-duration low-intensity running wheel training program on the metabolic and hormonal alterations in rats. Lactating Wistar rats were treated with bromocriptine (Bro, 1 mg twice a day) or saline on days 19, 20, and 21 of lactation, and the training of offspring began at 35 days of age. Offspring were divided into sedentary and trained controls (C-Sed and C-Ex) and sedentary and trained Bro-treated rats (Bro-Sed and Bro-Ex). Chronic exercise delayed the onset of weight gain in Bro-Ex offspring, and the food intake did not change during the experimental period. At 180 days, visceral fat mass was higher (+46%) in the Bro-Sed offspring than in C-Sed and Bro-Ex rats. As expected, running capacity was higher in trained animals. Most parameters observed in the Bro-Sed offspring were consistent with hypothyroidism and metabolic syndrome and were reversed in the Bro-Ex group. Chronic exercise did not influence the muscle glycogen in the C-Ex group; however, liver glycogen was higher (+30%) in C-Ex group and was unchanged in both Bro offspring groups. Bro-Ex animals had higher plasma lactate dehydrogenase levels, indicating skeletal muscle damage and intolerance of the training program. Low-intensity chronic training is able to normalize many clinical aspects in Bro animals; however, these animals might have had a lower threshold for exercise adaptation than the control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boaventura
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, 5° Andar, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Avenida 28 de Setembro, 87, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
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