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Pawar A, Konwar C, Jha P, Kant R, Chopra M, Chaudhry U, Saluja D. Bactericidal activity of esculetin is associated with impaired cell wall synthesis by targeting glutamate racemase of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10745-0. [PMID: 37880544 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), the causative organism of gonorrhea, has been classified by the World Health Organization as 'Priority' two organism owing to its increased resistance to antibiotics and even failure of recommended dual therapy with ceftriaxone and azithromycin. As a result, the general and reproductive health of infected individuals is severely compromised. The imminent public health catastrophe of antimicrobial-resistant gonococci cannot be understated, as t he of severe complications and sequelae of infection are not only increasing but their treatment has also become more expensive. Tenacious attempts are underway to discover novel drug targets as well as new drugs to fight against NG. Therefore, a considerable number of phytochemicals have been tested for their remedial intercession via targeting bacterial proteins. The MurI gene encodes for an enzyme called glutamate racemase (MurI) that is primarily involved in peptidoglycan (PG) biosynthesis and is specific to the bacterial kingdom and hence can be exploited as a potential drug target for the treatment of bacterial diseases. Accordingly, diverse families of phytochemicals were screened in silico for their binding affinity with N. Gonorrhoeae MurI (NG-MurI) protein. Esculetin, one of the shortlisted compounds, was evaluated for its functional, structural, and anti-bacterial activity. Treatment with esculetin resulted in growth inhibition, cell wall damage, and altered permeability as revealed by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Furthermore, esculetin inhibited the racemization activity of recombinant, purified NG-MurI protein, one of the enzymes required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Our results suggest that esculetin could be further explored as a lead compound for developing new drug molecules against multidrug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Pawar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chandrika Konwar
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Prakash Jha
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Uma Chaudhry
- Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110075, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Delhi School of Public Health, IoE, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Martin ALAR, Pereira RLS, Rocha JE, Farias PAM, Freitas TS, de Lemos Caldas FR, Figueredo FG, Sampaio NFL, Ribeiro-Filho J, Menezes IRDA, Brancaglion GA, de Paulo DC, Carvalho DT, Lima MA, Coutinho HDM, Fonteles MMF. In vitro and in silico evidences about the inhibition of MepA efflux pump by coumarin derivatives. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106246. [PMID: 37454945 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics has significantly transformed the outcomes of bacterial infections in the last decades. However, the development of antibiotic resistance mechanisms has allowed an increasing number of bacterial strains to overcome the action of antibiotics, decreasing their effectiveness against infections they were developed to treat. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of synthetic coumarins Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and analyze their interaction with the MepA efflux pump in silico. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination showed that none of the test compounds have antibacterial activity. However, all coumarin derivatives decreased the MIC of the standard efflux inhibitor ethidium bromide, indicating antibacterial synergism. On the other hand, the C14 derivative potentiated the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against the resistant strain. In silico analysis showed that C9, C11, and C13 coumarins showed the most favorable interaction with the MepA efflux pump. Nevertheless, due to the present in silico and in vitro investigation limitations, further experimental research is required to confirm the therapeutic potential of these compounds in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luíza A R Martin
- Federal University of Ceará - UFC, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo A M Farias
- Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando G Figueredo
- Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine Estácio Juazeiro do Norte - Estácio Juazeiro do Norte, Brazil
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Kowalczyk P, Wilk M, Parul P, Szymczak M, Kramkowski K, Raj S, Skiba G, Sulejczak D, Kleczkowska P, Ostaszewski R. The Synthesis and Evaluation of Aminocoumarin Peptidomimetics as Cytotoxic Agents on Model Bacterial E. coli Strains. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195725. [PMID: 34640121 PMCID: PMC8510199 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the successful synthesis of a library of novel peptidomimetics via Ugi multicomponent reaction. Most of these peptidomimetics contain differently substituted aminocoumarin; 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and 7-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl) coumarin. Inspired by the biological properties of coumarin derivatives and peptidomimetics, we proposed the synthesis of coumarin incorporated peptidomimetics. We studied the potential of synthesized compounds as antimicrobial drugs on model E. coli bacterial strains (k12 and R2–R4). To highlight the importance of coumarin in antimicrobial resistance, we also synthesized the structurally similar peptidomimetics, using benzylamine. Preliminary cellular studies suggest that the compounds with coumarin derivatives have more potential as antimicrobial agents compared to the compounds without coumarin. We also analyzed the effect of aldehyde, free acid group and ester group on the course of their antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Monika Wilk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Parul Parul
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
| | - Mateusz Szymczak
- Department of Molecular Virology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Stanisława Raj
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Grzegorz Skiba
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (S.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Patrycja Kleczkowska
- Centre for Preclinical Research (CBP), Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (M.W.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (R.O.)
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Kumar S, Vashisht N, Aruna, Sharma SP. One-Pot Green Synthesis of 2-Oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbonitriles Using Dual-Frequency Ultrasonication. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021090189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Coumarin Derivatives as New Toxic Compounds to Selected K12, R1-R4 E. coli Strains. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13112499. [PMID: 32486298 PMCID: PMC7321437 DOI: 10.3390/ma13112499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are natural compounds that were detected in 80 species of plants. They have numerous applications including the medical, food, tobacco, perfumery, and spirit industries. They show anti-swelling and diastolic effects. However, excess consumption of coumarins may adversely affect our health, because they are easily absorbed from the intestines into the lymph and blood, causing cirrhosis of the liver. Peptidomimetics are molecules whose structure and function are similar to those of peptides. They are an important group of compounds with biological, microbiological, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Therefore, studies on new peptidomimetics, which load the effect of native peptides, whose half-life in the body is much longer due to structural modifications, are extremely important. A preliminary study of coumarin analogues and its derivatives as new potential antimicrobial drugs containing carboxylic acid or ester was performed to determine their basic structure related to their biological features against various types of Gram-stained bacteria by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesized that the toxicity (antibacterial activity) of coumarin derivatives is dependent on the of LPS in bacteria and nature and position of the substituent which may be carboxylic acid, hydroxyl groups, or esters. In order to verify this hypothesis, we used K12 (smooth) and R1–R4 (rough) Escherichia coli strains which are characterized by differences in the type of LPS, especially in the O-antigen region, the outermost LPS layer. In our work, we synthesized 17 peptidomimetics containing a coumarin scaffold and checked their influence on K12 and R1–R4 E. coli strains possessing smooth and rough LPS. We also measured the damage of plasmid DNA caused by target compounds. The results of our studies clearly support the conclusion that coumarin peptidomimetics are antagonistic compounds to many of the currently used antibiotics. The high biological activity of the selected coumarin peptidomimetic was associated with identification of the so-called magic methyl groups, which substantially change the biochemical properties of target compounds. Investigating the effects of these compounds is particularly important in the era of increasingly common resistance in bacteria.
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Chandra A, Jana K, Moorthy JN. One-Pot Synthesis of 4-Carboalkoxy-Substituted Benzo[ h]coumarins from α- and β-Naphthols and Their Excited-State Properties. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:207-218. [PMID: 31956767 PMCID: PMC6963932 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One-pot synthesis has been developed for 4-carboethoxybenzo[h]coumarins starting from α-/β-naphthols. Accordingly, diverse 4-carboethoxybenzocoumarins can be synthesized in moderate-to-excellent (31-75%) isolated yields. The synthesis involves initial oxidation of naphthols to the intermediary 1,2-naphthoquinones with 2-iodoxybenzoic acid followed by a cascade of reactions, namely, Wittig olefination, Michael addition, β-elimination, and cyclization. Furthermore, we have comprehensively investigated the excited-state properties of differently substituted 4-carboalkoxybenzo[h]coumarins. It is shown that they exhibit low to high fluorescence quantum yields (1-36%) and excited-state lifetimes (ca. 1-7 ns) depending on the substitution pattern and solvent employed.
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Catalytic Activity of Sulfated and Phosphated Catalysts towards the Synthesis of Substituted Coumarin. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Devarajegowda H, Suchetan PA, Sreenivasa S, Srinivasa HT, Palakshamurthy BS. Crystal structure of 4-meth-oxy-phenyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxyl-ate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2015; 71:o374-5. [PMID: 26090173 PMCID: PMC4459373 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989015006970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C17H12O5, the dihedral angle between the planes of the coumarin ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.015 Å) and the benzene ring is 48.04 (10)°. The central CO2 group subtends a dihedral angle of 27.15 (11)° with the coumarin ring system and 74.86 (13)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O inter-actions, which generate a three-dimensional network. Very weak C-H⋯π inter-actions are also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.C. Devarajegowda
- Department of Physics, Yuvaraja’s College (Constituent College), University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 005, India
| | - P. A. Suchetan
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, U.C.S., Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka 572 103, India
| | - S. Sreenivasa
- Department of Studies and Research in Chemistry, U.C.S., Tumkur University, Tumkur, Karnataka 572 103, India
| | - H. T. Srinivasa
- Raman Research Institute, C. V. Raman Avenue, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B. S. Palakshamurthy
- Department of Physics, Yuvaraja’s College (Constituent College), University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 005, India
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Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel amino/nitro substituted 3-arylcoumarins as antibacterial agents. Molecules 2013; 18:1394-404. [PMID: 23348993 PMCID: PMC6269744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of amino/nitro-substituted 3-arylcoumarins were synthesized and their antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) was evaluated. Some of these molecules exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus comparable to the standards used (oxolinic acid and ampicillin). The preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) study showed that the antibacterial activity against S. aureus depends on the position of the 3-arylcoumarin substitution pattern. With the aim of finding the structural features for the antibacterial activity and selectivity, in the present manuscript different positions of nitro, methyl, methoxy, amino and bromo substituents on the 3-arylcoumarin scaffold were reported.
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