Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a 6-Aminofuro[3,2–c]pyridin-3(2H)-one Series of GPR 119 Agonists

One Pot Synthesis of Spirocycles and Cyclopropa[b]pyrans by Alkenylation-Rearrangement of Cyclopropenes

A one pot alkenylation followed by a stereoselective Alder-ene cycloisomerization of cyclopropenes give (aza)spiro[2.4]heptanes and spiro[2.5]octanes in high yields. Total trans diastereoselectivity is achieved for spiro[2.4]heptanes if the cyclopropene is monosubstituted in C3. When an α,β-unsaturatedcarbonyl-containing bromide is used, an alternative cyclization takes place giving cyclopenta[c]cyclopropa[b]pyrans.

Structure and biological activity of endogenous and synthetic agonists of GPR119

A G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR119, is a promising pharmacological target for a new class of hypoglycaemic drugs with an original mechanism of action, namely, increase in the glucose-dependent incretin and insulin secretion. In 2005, the first ligands were found and in the subsequent years, a large number of GPR119 agonists were synthesized in laboratories in various countries; the safest and most promising agonists have entered phase I and II clinical trials as agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. The review describes the major endogenous GPR119 agonists and the main trends in the design and modification of synthetic structures for increasing the hypoglycaemic activity. The data on synthetic agonists are arranged according to the type of the central core of the molecules.

The bibliography includes 104 references.

G Protein-Coupled Receptor 119 (GPR119) Agonists for the Treatment of Diabetes: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges

In this Perspective, recent advances and challenges in the development of GPR119 agonists as new oral antidiabetic drugs will be discussed. Such agonists are expected to exhibit a low risk to induce hypoglycemia as well as to have a beneficial impact on body weight. Many pharmaceutical companies have been active in the search for GPR119 agonists, making it a highly competitive area in the industrial environment. Several GPR119 agonists have been entered into clinical studies, but many have failed either in phase I or II and none has progressed beyond phase II. Herein we describe the strategies chosen by the different medicinal chemistry teams in academia and the pharmaceutical industry to improve potency, physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics, and the safety profile of GPR119 agonists in the discovery phase in order to improve the odds for successful development.