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Magalhães DM, Nunes-Silva A, Rocha GC, Vaz LN, de Faria MHS, Vieira ELM, Rocha NP, Simões e Silva AC. Two protocols of aerobic exercise modulate the counter-regulatory axis of the renin-angiotensin system. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03208. [PMID: 31989052 PMCID: PMC6970173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a dual system with two opposite arms: i) the classical one formed by the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin (Ang) II and angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors; ii) the counter-regulatory arm consisting of ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Mas receptor. Physical exercise can modulate this system, however, only animal studies have compared the effects of different intensity protocols on the RAS. No data with humans were provided. Therefore, we investigated the acute effect of two protocols of isowork aerobic exercise [High-Intensity Interval Exercise (HIIE) and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise (MICE)] in plasma and urinary levels of RAS components in physically active men. Main methods The HIIE protocol included a 5-minute warm-up cycling at 60–70% of heart rate peak (HRp) intensity followed by 10 sets of 30 s above 90% with 1 min of recovery and 3 min of cool down. The MICE protocol was performed at a constant power corresponding to 60–70% of HRp and finalized at the same total work of HIIE. Blood and urine samples were collected before and after the protocols. Plasma and urinary levels of ACE, ACE2, Ang-(1–7) and Ang II were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Key findings While the HIIE protocol significantly increased urinary levels of ACE and plasma levels of ACE2, the MICE protocol elevated urinary concentrations of ACE2 and of Ang-(1–7). A greater increase of urine concentrations of Ang-(1–7) occurred in the MICE if compared with the HIIE protocol. Significance Aerobic physical exercise acutely increases the activity of the counter-regulatory RAS axis, mostly the MICE protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Massote Magalhães
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Albená Nunes-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Centro Desportivo da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), Rua Dois, 110, Campus Universitário - Ginásio de Esportes, Ouro Preto, MG, Postal Code: 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carvalho Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neves Vaz
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Salviano de Faria
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Erica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Natalia Pessoa Rocha
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA
| | - Ana Cristina Simões e Silva
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica (LIIM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Room 281, Belo Horizonte, Postal Code: 30130-100, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author.
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Verlengia R, Rebelo AC, Crisp AH, Kunz VC, dos Santos Carneiro Cordeiro MA, Hirata MH, Crespo Hirata RD, Silva E. Lack of Association Between ACE Indel Polymorphism and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Physically Active and Sedentary Young Women. Asian J Sports Med 2014; 5:e22768. [PMID: 25520764 PMCID: PMC4267487 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.22768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polymorphisms at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE), such as the indel [rs1799752] variant in intron 16, have been shown to be associated with aerobic performance of athletes and non-athletes. However, the relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness has not been always demonstrated. Objectives: The relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory fitness was investigated in a sample of young Caucasian Brazilian women. Patients and Methods: This study investigated 117 healthy women (aged 18 to 30 years) who were grouped as physically active (n = 59) or sedentary (n = 58). All subjects performed an incremental exercise test (ramp protocol) on a cycle-ergometer with 20-25 W/min increments. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction and to analyze metabolic and hormonal profiles. ACE indel polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fragment size analysis. Results: The physically active group had higher values of peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), ventilation (VE) and power output than the sedentary group (P < 0.05) at the peak of the exercise test. However, heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) did not differ between groups. There was no relationship between ACE indel polymorphism and cardiorespiratory variables during the test in both the physically active and sedentary groups, even when the dominant (DD vs. D1 + 2) and recessive (2 vs. DI + DD) models of inheritance were tested. Conclusions: These results do not support the concept that the genetic variation at the ACE locus contributes to the cardiorespiratory responses at the peak of exercise test in physically active or sedentary healthy women. This indicates that other factors might mediate these responses, including the physical training level of the women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozangela Verlengia
- College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Rozangela Verlengia, College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Tel: +55-151931241558, Fax: +55-151931241659, E-mail:, E-mail:
| | - Ana C. Rebelo
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Alex H. Crisp
- College of Health Sciences, Methodist University of Piracicaba, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Vandeni C. Kunz
- Adventist University of Sao Paulo, Engenheiro Coellho, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mario H. Hirata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ester Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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