Pinkerneil M, Hoffmann MJ, Kohlhof H, Schulz WA, Niegisch G. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of the Novel Isotype Specific HDAC Inhibitor 4SC-202 in Urothelial Carcinoma Cell Lines.
Target Oncol 2017;
11:783-798. [PMID:
27250763 PMCID:
PMC5153417 DOI:
10.1007/s11523-016-0444-7]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background
Targeting of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs) exerts antineoplastic actions in various cancer types by modulation of transcription, upregulation of tumor suppressors, induction of cell cycle arrest, replication stress and promotion of apoptosis. Class I HDACs are often deregulated in urothelial cancer. 4SC-202, a novel oral benzamide type HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) specific for class I HDACs HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 and the histone demethylase LSD1, shows substantial anti-tumor activity in a broad range of cancer cell lines and xenograft tumor models.
Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of 4SC-202 in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines.
Methods
We determined dose response curves of 4SC-202 by MTT assay in seven UC cell lines with distinct HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 expression profiles. Cellular effects were further analyzed in VM-CUB1 and UM-UC-3 cells by colony forming assay, caspase-3/7 assay, flow cytometry, senescence assay, LDH release assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Response markers were followed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting. Treatment with the class I HDAC specific inhibitor SAHA (vorinostat) served as a general control.
Results
4SC-202 significantly reduced proliferation of all epithelial and mesenchymal UC cell lines (IC50 0.15–0.51 μM), inhibited clonogenic growth and induced caspase activity. Flow cytometry revealed increased G2/M and subG1 fractions in VM-CUB1 and UM-UC-3 cells. Both effects were stronger than with SAHA treatment.
Conclusion
Specific pharmacological inhibition of class I HDACs by 4SC-202 impairs UC cell viability, inducing cell cycle disturbances and cell death. Combined inhibition of HDAC1, HDAC2 and HDAC3 seems to be a promising treatment strategy for UC.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11523-016-0444-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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