1
|
Tiutiuca RC, Nastase Puscasu AI, Stoenescu N, Moscalu M, Bradea C, Eva I, Lupascu CD, Ivan L, Palaghia MM, Prisecariu DI, Târcoveanu E, Vâță A, Bejan V, Vasilescu AM. Laparoscopic Approach to Primary Splenic Cyst: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38255735 PMCID: PMC10817520 DOI: 10.3390/life14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Splenic cysts are rare benign lesions of the spleen, often asymptomatic and incidentally discovered during imaging studies. While many splenic cysts remain asymptomatic and do not require intervention, surgical management becomes essential in cases of symptomatic cysts, large cysts, or when malignancy cannot be ruled out. Laparoscopic surgery has emerged as a minimally invasive and effective approach for treating splenic cysts, offering advantages such as shorter hospital stays, reduced postoperative pain, and faster recovery. In this case report, we describe our experience with laparoscopic surgery for a symptomatic splenic cyst in a young patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Calin Tiutiuca
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | | | - Nicoleta Stoenescu
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Moscalu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Costel Bradea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Iuliana Eva
- Radiology Department, “Dr Iacob Czihac” Military Emergency Hospital of Iași, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Dumitru Lupascu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Luminita Ivan
- Pathology Department, “Dr Iacob Czihac” Military Emergency Hospital of Iași, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Madalina Maria Palaghia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Denisa Ioana Prisecariu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Eugen Târcoveanu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Andrei Vâță
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Valentin Bejan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| | - Alin Mihai Vasilescu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Farmacy “Gr. T. Popa” Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania (A.V.); (A.M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manthopoulou E, Ramai D, Ioannou A, Gkolfakis P, Papanikolaou IS, Mangiavillano B, Triantafyllou K, Crinò SF, Facciorusso A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition beyond the pancreas. Ann Gastroenterol 2023; 36:257-266. [PMID: 37144012 PMCID: PMC10152811 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2023.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) offers the ability to obtain tissue material via a fine needle under direct visualization for cytological or pathological examination. Prior studies have looked at EUS tissue acquisition; however, most reports have been centered around lesions of the pancreas. This paper aims to review the literature on EUS tissue acquisition in other organs (beyond the pancreas) such as the liver, biliary tree, lymph nodes, and upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts. Furthermore, techniques for obtaining tissue samples under EUS guidance continue to evolve. Specifically, some of the techniques that endoscopists employ are suction techniques (i.e., dry heparin, dry suction technique, wet suction technique), the slow pull technique, and the fanning technique. Apart from acquisition techniques, the type and size of the needle utilized play a major role in the quality of samples. This review describes the indications for tissue acquisition for each organ, and also describes and compares the various tissue acquisition techniques, as well as the different needles used according to their shape and size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Manthopoulou
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Savvas Oncology Hospital of Athens, Greece (Eleni Manthopoulou)
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (Daryl Ramai)
| | - Alexandros Ioannou
- Gastroenterology Department, Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Alexandros Ioannou)
| | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium (Paraskevas Gkolfakis)
| | - Ioannis S. Papanikolaou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘‘Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Triantafyllou)
| | - Benedetto Mangiavillano
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, Humanitas Mater Domini, Castellanza (VA), Italy (Benedetto Mangiavillano)
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘‘Attikon” University General Hospital, Athens, Greece (Ioannis S. Papanikolaou, Konstantinos Triantafyllou)
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy (Stefano Francesco Crinò)
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Italy (Antonio Facciorusso)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang D, Zhao D, Jiang X, Li D. Isolated splenic metastasis from primary fallopian tube carcinoma and the application of laparoscopic splenectomy: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1079044. [PMID: 37207138 PMCID: PMC10189115 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1079044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastases to the spleen from various non-hematologic malignancies are generally not a common clinical event and usually indicate the late dissemination of disease. Solitary splenic metastases from solid neoplasm are extremely uncommon. Furthermore, solitary metastasis to the spleen from primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is extremely rare and has not been reported previously. We report a case of isolated splenic metastasis in a 60-year-old woman, occurring 13 months after a total hysterectomy, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, a pelvic lymphadenectomy, a para-aortic lymphadenectomy, an omentectomy, and an appendectomy were performed for PFTC. The patient's serum tumor marker CA125 was elevated to 49.25 U/ml (N < 35.0 U/ml). An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 4.0 × 3.0 cm low-density lesion in the spleen that was potentially malignant, with no lymphadenectasis or distant metastasis. The patient underwent a laparoscopic exploration, and one lesion was found in the spleen. Then, a laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) confirmed a splenic metastasis from PFTC. The histopathological diagnosis showed that the splenic lesion was a high-differentiated serous carcinoma from PFTC metastasis. The patient recovered for over 1 year, with no tumor recurrence. This is the first reported case of an isolated splenic metastasis from PFTC. This case underlines the importance of serum tumor marker assessment, medical imaging examination, and history of malignancy during follow-up, and LS seems to be the optimal approach for isolated splenic metastasis from PFTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Kang
- Department of Operating Room, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danyang Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodi Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Deming Li, ; Xiaodi Jiang,
| | - Deming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Deming Li, ; Xiaodi Jiang,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for splenic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276529. [PMID: 36264978 PMCID: PMC9584539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS At present, it is difficult and risky to diagnose splenic lesions by conventional needle biopsy using computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound (US). Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue acquisition is increasingly being used as a new technique to determine the tissue diagnosis of splenic lesions. Therefore, our goal was to determine the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided tissue acquisition for splenic lesions. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled sensitivity and specificity of EUS-guided tissue acquisition for the diagnosis of splenic lesions using Metadisc. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Questionnaire, a quality assessment tool, was used to scrutinize the quality of the studies. RESULTS Six eligible studies between January 2000 and June 2022 were identified, and a total number of 62 patients (aged range from 19 to 84) were enrolled. One patient was excluded because of insufficient specimens. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of included studies were 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.73-0.93] and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.46-0.95), respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio (LR) was 2.38 (95% CI, 1.24-4.57), the pooled negative LR was 0.31 (95% CI, 0.17-0.55), the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 8.67 (95% CI, 2.80-26.82), the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.8100 (Standard Error 0.0813). CONCLUSION EUS-guided tissue acquisition is a safe technique with high sensitivity in the diagnosis of splenic lesions. However, because of the small sample sizes, more studies with more cases are needed to further validate these results.
Collapse
|
5
|
Qu J, Zong Z. Giant splenic cyst complicated by infection due to Salmonella enterica serovar Livingstone in a previously healthy adolescent male: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:557. [PMID: 35717143 PMCID: PMC9206239 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Splenic cyst complicated by non-typhoid Salmonella infection is rare in healthy individuals in the era of antibiotics. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Livingstone causing infection of giant splenic cyst has not been previously reported. Case presentation We report a case of giant splenic cyst (maximum diameter, 21 cm) complicated with Salmonella Livingstone infection, which resulted in splenic abscess, in a 16-year-old previously healthy adolescent male. The splenic abscess was successfully treated with ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage and antimicrobial therapy. Conclusion Infection of splenic cyst may be caused by S. Livingstone in immunocompetent individuals. This case may help clinicians to raise awareness towards splenic abscess and highlights the importance of drainage and antimicrobial agents to avoid splenectomy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07529-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Qu
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital (Huaxi), Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhiyong Zong
- Center of Infectious Disease, West China Hospital (Huaxi), Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang 37, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Center for Pathogen Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lisotti A, Crinò SF, Mangiavillano B, Cominardi A, Ofosu A, Brighi N, Metelli F, Zagari RM, Facciorusso A, Fusaroli P. Diagnostic performance of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition of splenic lesions: systematic review with pooled analysis. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac022. [PMID: 35663151 PMCID: PMC9154069 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Focal splenic lesions are usually incidentally discovered on radiological assessments. Although percutaneous tissue acquisition (TA) under trans-abdominal ultrasound guidance is a well-established technique for obtaining cyto-histological diagnosis of focal splenic lesions, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided TA has been described in several studies, reporting different safety and outcomes. The aim was to assess the pooled safety, adequacy, and accuracy of EUS-TA of splenic lesions. Methods A comprehensive review of available evidence was conducted at the end of November 2021. All studies including more than five patients and reporting about the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of EUS-TA of the spleen were included. Results Six studies (62 patients) were identified; all studies have been conducted using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) needles. Pooled specimen adequacy and accuracy of EUS-TA for spleen characterization were 92.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 86.3%–99.3%] and 88.2% (95% CI, 79.3%–97.1%), respectively. The pooled incidence of adverse events (six studies, 62 patients) was 4.7% (95% CI, 0.4%–9.7%). Conclusion EUS-FNA of the spleen is a safe technique with high diagnostic adequacy and accuracy. The EUS-guided approach could be considered a valid alternative to the percutaneous approach for spleen TA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lisotti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola, Italy
| | - Stefano Francesco Crinò
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Anna Cominardi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola, Italy
| | - Andrew Ofosu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Brighi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCSS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Medola, Italy
| | - Flavio Metelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola, Italy
| | - Rocco Maurizio Zagari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, The Pancreas Institute, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Section of Gastroenterology, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusaroli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital of Imola, University of Bologna, Imola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bäumler W, Dollinger M, Rennert J, Beutl M, Stroszczynski C, Schicho A. Occurrence of spontaneous fistulas detected by contrast filling during computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage placement of splenic and perisplenic fluid collections. Acta Radiol 2022; 63:719-726. [PMID: 33892607 DOI: 10.1177/02841851211010424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fistulas are serious complications of splenic and perisplenic fluid accumulations, which are often difficult to detect by routine imaging methods. PURPOSE To evaluate the occurrence of spontaneous fistulas detectable during computed tomography-guided percutaneous drainage placement (CTGDP) with contrast filling of splenic or perisplenic fluid collections and to assess characteristics in comparison with perihepatic or peripancreatic fluid accumulations, also being treated with CTGDP. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 127 CTGDP-procedures, pre-interventional CTs conducted with intravenous contrast agent were compared to post-interventional CTs including contrast filling of the drain to identify spontaneous fistulas. Patient and case characteristics were evaluated, and therapeutic consequences of fistula identification were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 43 perisplenic, 40 peripancreatic, and 44 perihepatic drains were evaluated; 13 (30.2%) perisplenic, 7 (17.5%) peripancreatic, and 10 (22.7%) perihepatic fistulas were observed. Concerning the frequency of fistulas, no significant difference was found between the patient groups (P = 0.39). All fistulas were solely proven in CT scans including contrast filling of the drain. Seven fistulas (23.3%) required additional interventions. Perihepatic drains were significantly more often associated with recent surgery (P < 0.001). The mean size of peripancreatic drains was significantly greater (11.8 ± 3.9 F; P < 0.001) than in perihepatic or perisplenic fluid collections. CONCLUSION Spontaneous fistulas detected during CTGDP of splenic or perisplenic fluid collections are common. Post-interventional contrast filling of the drain drastically improves the detection rate of perisplenic, peripancreatic and perihepatic fistulas simultaneously initiating appropriate follow-up interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf Bäumler
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Dollinger
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janine Rennert
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Beutl
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Schicho
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malgras B, Najah H, Dohan A, Barat M, Soyer P. Diagnosis and treatment of focal splenic lesions. J Visc Surg 2022; 159:121-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Karaosmanoglu AD, Uysal A, Onder O, Hahn PF, Akata D, Ozmen MN, Karcaaltıncaba M. Cross-sectional imaging findings of splenic infections: is differential diagnosis possible? Abdom Radiol (NY) 2021; 46:4828-4852. [PMID: 34047800 PMCID: PMC8160561 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-021-03130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The spleen plays an important role in the immunological homeostasis of the body. Several neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases may affect this organ, and imaging is of fundamental importance for diagnosis. Infectious diseases of the spleen can be encountered in daily radiology practice, and differential diagnosis may sometimes be challenging. Infectious involvement of the spleen can be primary or secondary to a different source outside the spleen. Despite the fact that different infectious diseases may cause similar imaging findings, we believe that differential diagnosis between different causes may also be possible in certain patients with imaging. Early diagnosis may potentially enhance patients’ treatment and outcome. In this review, we aimed to increase imaging specialists’ awareness of splenic infections by describing the multimodality imaging features of common and atypical infections of the spleen with their differential diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aycan Uysal
- Department of Radiology, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Omer Onder
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Peter F Hahn
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Deniz Akata
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nasuh Ozmen
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sangiorgio VFI, Rizvi H, Padayatty J, Thayur N, Fujiwara T, Anyanwu FA, Calaminici M. Radiologically guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of the spleen: a reliable and safe diagnostic procedure for neoplastic and reactive conditions. Histopathology 2021; 78:1051-1055. [PMID: 33393079 DOI: 10.1111/his.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) of the spleen is rarely performed, due to concerns about its complications and low diagnostic yield. However, this procedure represents a potentially useful diagnostic tool, especially in patients with splenomegaly and no definitive diagnosis after a clinical and radiological work-up. METHODS AND RESULTS We report the data on a cohort of 45 radiologically guided percutaneous core needle biopsies of the spleen from 44 patients performed at two centres. Platelet count and prothrombin time were within normal limits in all patients at the time of the procedure. The biopsy was ultrasound-guided in all cases except one, which was guided by computed tomography. An 18G needle was used in 82% of the cases, followed by 16G (10.2%) and 20G (7.8%) needles. The biopsy provided sufficient material for histological examination (including immunohistochemical studies) in 41 cases (91.1%). Haematological malignancies were most commonly diagnosed (52.3%); diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most frequent, followed by splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL). For the most recent cases of DLBCL, the CNB provided sufficient material for fluorescence in-situ hybridisation to assess the status of MYC, BCL2 and BCL6. This allowed the identification of a case of high-grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 rearrangement. Major complications were not reported; minor complications occurred in three cases (6.7%). CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that radiologically guided percutaneous CNB should be considered as a valid diagnostic tool, as it provides quick and reliable histological diagnoses avoiding the complications and risks of splenectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Rizvi
- Department of Cellular Pathology, the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Joseph Padayatty
- Department of Haematology, Colchester General Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | - Nagendra Thayur
- Department of Radiology, Colchester General Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | - Taiki Fujiwara
- Department of Cellular Pathology, the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Francis A Anyanwu
- Department of Haematology, Colchester General Hospital, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, UK
| | - Maria Calaminici
- Department of Cellular Pathology, the Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Tuberculosis is an established cause of pyrexia of unknown origin and can implicate practically any human organ system. Splenic involvement is common in disseminated or miliary tuberculosis following hematogenous spread, but isolated splenic involvement is a very rare phenomenon. We report the case of a 30-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with high-grade fever and dull aching pain in the left hypochondrium for three months. Laboratory data provided no diagnostic information. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an enlarged spleen with multiple small hypoechoic lesions that were corroborated on computed tomography. No pulmonary involvement or primary focus of infection was discernible elsewhere. Splenic fine needle aspiration cytology helped clinch a histopathological diagnosis of isolated splenic tuberculosis. Administration of anti-tubercular therapy resulted in resolution of the disease and an excellent outcome in our patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Grover
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Yajur Arya
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Saurabh Gaba
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Monica Gupta
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Arshi Syal
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College & Hospital, Chandigarh, IND
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kakaje A, Mahmoud Y, Hosam Aldeen O, Hamdan O. Isolated tuberculosis of the spleen presenting with fever of unknown origin in a vaccinated child. Oxf Med Case Reports 2020; 2020:omaa092. [PMID: 33133625 PMCID: PMC7583411 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and is more common in developing countries. Isolated splenic TB is typically found in trauma, miliary TB and immunocompromised status. We present a very rare case of an immunocompetent child with an isolated primary TB in the spleen. The child only had fever of unknown origin (FUO), and mild anaemia. The diagnosis was not made until splenectomy was performed. The patient took the quadruple therapy for TB, and follow-ups showed no recurrence. This case is unique because this child was immunocompetent with no history of trauma or active TB. TB diagnosis should never be ignored in FUO as this might prevent unnecessary procedures to the patient. Although the child was vaccinated with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin that usually protects against severe TB in first 5 years of life, it did not prevent from affecting the spleen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Kakaje
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus Syria
| | - Yousef Mahmoud
- Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus Syria
| | | | - Othman Hamdan
- Department of Haematology, Children's University Hospital, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Matsuzawa H, Goto T, Ohshima S, Shibuya T, Sato W, Chiba M, Takahashi K, Minami S, Iijima K. Sarcoidosis with Splenic Involvement Diagnosed with Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration. Intern Med 2020; 59:2077-2081. [PMID: 32389948 PMCID: PMC7492119 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4512-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic sarcoidosis is often diagnosed by splenectomy or an ultrasound-guided splenic biopsy. However, splenectomy is invasive and costly, and a percutaneous biopsy is sometimes difficult. We herein report a case of splenic sarcoidosis diagnosed with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). A 71-year-old man was referred to our hospital for abnormal shadows on a chest roentgenogram. Computed tomography showed multiple lesions in the spleen and pulmonary consolidations. Bronchoscopy revealed no definitive diagnosis. We therefore performed EUS-FNA for a splenic lesion that led to the diagnosis. This case suggests that EUS-FNA is useful in confirming the diagnosis of sarcoidosis with suspected splenic lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Matsuzawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Ohshima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shibuya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Wataru Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lee HW, Han SB. Large Splenic Abscess Caused by Non-Typhoidal Salmonella in a Healthy Child Treated with Percutaneous Drainage. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7080088. [PMID: 32756354 PMCID: PMC7466139 DOI: 10.3390/children7080088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Splenic abscess occurs very rarely in healthy children. Although typhoid fever was the leading cause of splenic abscess in the pre-antibiotic era, Salmonella spp. remain to be the major pathogens causing splenic abscess, with an increasing worldwide frequency of splenic abscess due to non-typhoidal Salmonella infection. Here, we report the case of a 12-year-old boy, who was presumably diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis on admission and eventually diagnosed with a large splenic abscess (maximum diameter, 14.5 cm) caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella. Although splenectomy has been considered in cases of large splenic abscesses, the patient was treated with antibiotics and ultrasonography-guided percutaneous drainage. A detailed physical examination and appropriate imaging studies are necessary for the early diagnosis of extra-intestinal complications of non-typhoidal Salmonella enteritis. For treatment, percutaneous drainage, rather than splenectomy, can be used in large splenic abscesses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Balekuduru AB, Kapali AS, Kurella SP, Subbaraj SB. Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Transgastric Fine Needle Aspiration of Splenic Metastasis. JOURNAL OF DIGESTIVE ENDOSCOPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSplenic metastasis is extremely rare and is part of diffuse carcinomatosis. We present a case of a 60-year-old woman with transitional cell ovarian carcinoma who had hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy in the past. She now presented with solitary splenic metastasis, confirmed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided transgastric fine needle aspiration biopsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Bhat Balekuduru
- Department of Gastroenterology, M.S. Ramaiah Memorial Hospitals, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Robinson JE, Greiner TC, Bouska AC, Iqbal J, Cutucache CE. Identification of a Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma Signature: Preliminary Findings With Diagnostic Potential. Front Oncol 2020; 10:640. [PMID: 32457837 PMCID: PMC7225304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare, indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that affects 0. 13 per 100,000 persons annually. Overall survival of SMZL is estimated to reach 8-11 years in most cases, but up to 30% of SMZL cases develop aggressive presentations resulting in greatly diminished time of survival. SMZL presents with a very heterogeneous molecular profile, making diagnosis problematic, and accurate prognosis even less likely. The study herein has identified a potential diagnostic gene expression signature with highly specific predictive utility, coined the SMZL-specific Gene Expression Signature (SSGES). Additionally, five of the most impactful markers identified within the SSGES were selected for a five-protein panel, for further evaluation among control and SMZL patient samples. These markers included EME2, ERCC5, SETBP1, USP24, and ZBTB32. When compared with control spleen and other B-cell lymphoma subtypes, significantly higher expression was noticed in SMZL samples when stained for EME2 and USP24. Additionally, ERCC5, SETBP1, USP24, and ZBTB32 staining displayed indications of prognostic value for SMZL patients. Delineation of the SSGES offers a unique SMZL signature that could provide diagnostic utility for a malignancy that has historically been difficult to identify, and the five-marker protein panel provides additional support for such findings. These results should be further investigated and validated in subsequent molecular investigations of SMZL so it may be potentially incorporated into standard oncology practice for improving the understanding and outlook for SMZL patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Timothy C Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Alyssa C Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Marrow outside marrow: imaging of extramedullary haematopoiesis. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:565-578. [PMID: 31973940 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) refers to the formation of non-neoplastic blood cell lines outside the bone marrow and is a common incidental finding when patients with haematological disorders are imaged. EMH presenting as mass (tumefactive EMH) has long been a radiological conundrum as it resembles neoplasms. Several imaging findings have been described in EMH, and these vary depending on the activity of the underlying haematopoiesis. The older lesions are easier to diagnose as they often demonstrate characteristic findings such as haemosiderin and fat deposition. In comparison, the newer, actively haematopoietic lesions often mimic neoplasms. Molecular imaging, particularly 99mTc labelled sulphur colloid scintigraphy, may be helpful in such cases. Although imaging is extremely useful in detecting and characterising EMH, imaging alone is often non-diagnostic as no single mass shows all the typical findings. Hence, a judgement based on the clinical background, combination of imaging findings, and slow interval growth may be more appropriate and practical in making the correct diagnosis. In every case, an effort has to be made in providing an imaging-based diagnosis as it may prevent a potentially risky biopsy. When confident differentiation is not possible, biopsy has to be resorted to. This article describes the causes, pathophysiology, and theories underlying the genesis of EMH, followed by the general and location-specific imaging findings. The purpose is to provide a thorough understanding of the condition as well as enable the clinical radiologist in making an imaging-based diagnosis whenever possible and identify the situations where biopsy has to be performed.
Collapse
|
18
|
Leenknegt B, Moore S, Fang C, Kibriya N, Gregory S, Cancuri O, Sidhu PS, Yusuf G. Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to guide a successful biopsy of a splenic sarcomatoid carcinoma. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2019; 28:58-61. [PMID: 32063997 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x19876088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Splenic lesions are uncommon and frequently cause a diagnostic dilemma, often with non-specific findings on both ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging with histological confirmation necessary. To reduce patient morbidity, primarily from haemorrhage and to increase diagnostic yield, precise imaging and biopsy targeting are needed. Case We present a case of an indeterminate complex splenic lesion, with areas of necrosis which required histological diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy was undertaken to provide real-time imaging guidance, increasing viable lesion targeting and helping to avoid areas of necrosis. Conclusion Contrast-enhanced ultrasound guidance of the percutaneous core needle biopsy allowed increased operator confidence in lesional targeting accuracy and reduced the number of passes required for biopsy, simultaneously maximising histological yield and minimising patient morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Moore
- Princess Royal University Hospital, King's College NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Nabil Kibriya
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Stephen Gregory
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Osman Cancuri
- Princess Royal University Hospital, King's College NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Paul S Sidhu
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Gibran Yusuf
- Department of Radiology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alonazi B, Alfuhaid T, Mahmoud MZ. Are CT and US imaging-guided percutaneous FNAs and/or spleen and focal splenic lesion tissue core biopsies safe and effective? JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2019.1660076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Batil Alonazi
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alfuhaid
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Canada
| | - Mustafa Z. Mahmoud
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
There has been an increasing demand in image-guided minimally invasive procedures and these have become an integral part of present-day clinical practice. Basic interventional radiology (IR) procedures have greatly reduced the need for invasive procedures for sampling as well as treating conditions like abscess and fluid collections. Owing to their minimally invasive nature, most of these procedures may be performed on the outpatient patients as daycare procedures. Some of these procedures in critically ill patients may be lifesaving. Basic interventional radiology (IR) procedures consist of image-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy, tru-cut (core) biopsy, needle aspiration/drainage and percutaneous catheter drainage. This review aims to provide practice requisites for basic IR procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Mukund
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Bhardwaj
- Department of Radiology, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Chander Mohan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, BLK Superspecialty Hospital, Pusa Raod, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Metlo A, Shah SI, Rehan A, Bin Waqar SH, Siddiqi R. Solitary Splenic Tuberculosis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report. Cureus 2019; 11:e5210. [PMID: 31565614 PMCID: PMC6758994 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.5210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal infectious disease that still remains a major threat in developing countries. Solitary splenic tuberculosis is a rare entity and there have been very few cases of it reported in literature. It is mostly encountered in patients who have an immunocompromised state. It may occur with a myriad of non-specific presentations, making it complex to diagnose. Here, we report a case of an eight-year-old female, immunocompetent, who had complaints of fever, abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea. Laboratory data failed to provide any information about the final diagnosis. On physical examination, splenomegaly was present. Imaging studies were conducted with an abdominal ultrasound showcasing mild ascites, splenomegaly, with a homogeneous echo pattern and no focal mass. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed two hypodense areas in the subcapsular region of the spleen and extending into the capsule, suggestive of a tuberculous abscess with mesenteric lymphadenopathy. The diagnosis was further corroborated when the patient showed remarkable improvement on anti-tuberculous therapy. This is a very uncommon phenomenon, especially in an immunocompetent patient and hence, it is very important to keep this on the list of differentials especially in an area where TB is endemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sm Ismail Shah
- Internal Medicine, Ziauddin Medical College, Karachi, PAK
| | - Aiman Rehan
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Syed Hamza Bin Waqar
- Internal Medicine, Civil Hospital Karachi, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Rabbia Siddiqi
- Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kato K, Gleeson TA. Splenic necrosis requiring ultrasound-guided drainage following meningococcal septicaemia. Oxf Med Case Reports 2019; 2019:omz020. [PMID: 30949357 PMCID: PMC6440269 DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic necrosis is an extremely rare complication in the context of meningococcal septicaemia and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. We present the case of a previously healthy 22-year-old male who was diagnosed and treated for meningococcal septicaemia. He represented 4 days following discharge with significant splenic necrosis and associated abscess formation despite previously unremarkable imaging on his first admission. The splenic collection was successfully treated with ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage. We discuss the leading causes of atraumatic splenic infarction and the recent shift towards treating splenic necrosis with minimally invasive procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St George Hospital, St George QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas A Gleeson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, St George Hospital, St George QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saab S, Challita Y, Holloman D, Hathaway K, Kahaleh M, Nieto J. Case Series Review of the Safety and Efficacy of Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Splenic Mass Core Biopsy. Clin Endosc 2018; 51:600-601. [PMID: 30286564 PMCID: PMC6283754 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Saab
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Youssef Challita
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jose Nieto
- Baptist Medical Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA.,Borland Groover Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tri-axial Biopsy Needle Cauterization During Splenic Biopsy. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2018; 41:1624-1626. [DOI: 10.1007/s00270-018-1910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
25
|
Booth NJ, Morley SJ, Ewers RS. Use of radiography in small animal practice in the UK and Republic of Ireland in 2013. Vet Rec 2018; 182:225. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi J Booth
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Samuel J Morley
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Richard S Ewers
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bonares MJ, Ying T, Patel Y. Salmonella Thompson splenic abscess in a healthy female. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218595. [PMID: 28835413 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of fever and 3-day history of left upper quadrant abdominal pain and cough associated with left shoulder tip pain. Initial blood cultures did not display growth. On CT imaging, there was a cyst measuring 7.2×8 cm originally interpreted to be haemorrhagic in nature. Repeat cultures during admission revealed Salmonella Thompson. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic treatment, rather than splenectomy, was successfully pursued with the patient afebrile and in no pain at 6 weeks follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bonares
- General Internal Medicine, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Ying
- University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yashesh Patel
- General Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wangai F, Achieng L, Otieno G, Njoroge J, Wambaire T, Rajab J. Isolated splenic tuberculosis with subsequent paradoxical deterioration: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:162. [PMID: 28438221 PMCID: PMC5402664 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated tuberculosis of the spleen has been described occasionally in literature, mostly in immunosuppressed individuals with various risk factors. Sequestration in the spleen makes such Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection difficult to diagnose. This report describes an extremely rare case of isolated splenic tuberculosis in an immunocompetent individual. CASE PRESENTATION A 26 year old Kenyan male presented with pyrexia of unknown origin, with negative screening tests for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. Ziehl-Neelsen staining and GeneXpert tests were negative for M. tuberculosis. Diagnosis of isolated splenic tuberculosis was made on core biopsy of the spleen. The patient initially worsened upon treatment with antituberculous medication attributable to the 'Paradoxical Reaction' phenomenon, before making full recovery. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the need to continuously be on the lookout for tuberculosis especially in unusual presentations, including subsequent paradoxical reaction which may be encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Wangai
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - Loice Achieng
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - George Otieno
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - Jacqueline Njoroge
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - Tabitha Wambaire
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - Jamilla Rajab
- Haematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences-University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim JW, Shin SS. Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Abdominal Viscera: Tips to Ensure Safe and Effective Biopsy. Korean J Radiol 2017; 18:309-322. [PMID: 28246511 PMCID: PMC5313519 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.2.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (USPCB) is used extensively in daily clinical practice for the pathologic confirmation of both focal and diffuse diseases of the abdominal viscera. As a guidance tool, US has a number of clear advantages over computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging: fewer false-negative biopsies, lack of ionizing radiation, portability, relatively short procedure time, real-time intra-procedural visualization of the biopsy needle, ability to guide the procedure in almost any anatomic plane, and relatively lower cost. Notably, USPCB is widely used to retrieve tissue specimens in cases of hepatic lesions. However, general radiologists, particularly beginners, find USPCB difficult to perform in abdominal organs other than the liver; indeed, a full understanding of the entire USPCB process and specific considerations for specific abdominal organs is necessary to safely obtain adequate specimens. In this review, we discuss some points and techniques that need to be borne in mind to increase the chances of successful USPCB. We believe that the tips and considerations presented in this review will help radiologists perform USPCB to successfully retrieve target tissue from different organs with minimal complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea.; Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Calero García R, Garcia-Hidalgo Alonso M. Intervencionismo básico en abdomen. RADIOLOGIA 2016; 58 Suppl 2:29-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
30
|
Suvorava N, Richmond S, Patel N, Bell B, Mesa H. Between a rock and a hard place. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:351-3. [PMID: 26660593 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Suvorava
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; University of Minnesota School of Medicine; 420 Delaware St.SE Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Steven Richmond
- Department of Internal Medicine; University of Minnesota School of Medicine; 420 Delaware St.SE Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Neil Patel
- Department of Hematology & Oncology; Minneapolis VA Health Care Service; One Veterans Drive Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Brian Bell
- Department of Radiology; Minneapolis VA Health Care Service; One Veterans Drive Minneapolis Minnesota
| | - Hector Mesa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology; Minneapolis VA Health Care Service; One Veterans Drive Minneapolis Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Safety and Accuracy of Percutaneous Image-Guided Core Biopsy of the Spleen. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:655-9. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
32
|
Omar A, Freeman S. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the spleen. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2016; 24:41-9. [PMID: 27433274 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x15617214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the spleen are less common than in most other abdominal organs. However, they will be regularly encountered by ultrasound practitioners, who carefully evaluate the spleen in their abdominal ultrasound studies. Conventional grey scale and Doppler ultrasound are frequently unable to characterise focal splenic abnormalities; even when clinical and laboratory information is added to the ultrasound findings, it is often not possible to make a definite diagnosis. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is easy to perform, inexpensive, safe and will usually provide valuable additional information about splenic abnormalities, allowing a definitive or short differential diagnosis to be made. It also identifies those lesions that may require further imaging or biopsy, from those that can be safely dismissed or followed with interval ultrasound imaging. CEUS is also indicated in confirming the nature of suspected accessory splenic tissue and in selected patients with abdominal trauma. This article describes the CEUS examination technique, summarises the indications for CEUS and provides guidance on interpretation of the CEUS findings in splenic ultrasound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asha Omar
- Peninsula Radiology Academy, Plymouth, UK
| | - Simon Freeman
- Imaging Directorate, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Multifocal sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen: a case report and review of literature. Diagn Pathol 2015; 10:95. [PMID: 26159169 PMCID: PMC4498527 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-015-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) is a relatively new entity in the spleen, which usually presents in the form of single nodule. Only 5 multifocal SANT cases have been reported in English literature. The present case is the first report of a 38-years-old male patient with SANT in the form of multiple nodules, who has been cured via laparoscope. In comparison to solitary SANT, multifocal SANT occurs more likely in males than females and association with malignant neoplasm has not been described yet. Multifocal SANT as well as solitary SANT show some relationships with IgG4-related sclerosing disease.
Collapse
|
34
|
O'Malley DP, Louissaint A, Vasef MA, Auerbach A, Miranda R, Brynes RK, Fedoriw Y, Hudnall SD. Recommendations for gross examination and sampling of surgical specimens of the spleen. Ann Diagn Pathol 2015; 19:288-95. [PMID: 26143481 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This review examines handling and processing of spleen biopsies and splenectomy specimens with the aim of providing the pathologist with guidance in optimizing examination and diagnosis of splenic disorders. It also offers recommendations as to relevant reporting factors in gross examination, which may guide diagnostic workup. The role of splenic needle biopsies is discussed. The International Spleen Consortium is a group dedicated to promoting education and research on the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the spleen. In keeping with these goals, we have undertaken to provide guidelines for gross examination, sectioning, and sampling of spleen tissue to optimize diagnosis (Burke). The pathology of the spleen may be complicated in routine practice due to a number of factors. Among these are lack of familiarity with lesions, complex histopathology, mimicry within several types of lesions, and overall rarity. To optimize diagnosis, appropriate handling and processing of splenic tissue are crucial. The importance of complete and accurate clinical history cannot be overstated. In many cases, significant clinical history such as previous lymphoproliferative disorders, hematologic disorders, trauma, etc, can provide important information to guide the evaluation of spleen specimens. Clinical information helps plan for appropriate processing of the spleen specimen. The pathologist should encourage surgical colleagues, who typically provide the specimens, to include as much clinical information as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abner Louissaint
- Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA, 02114.
| | - Mohammad A Vasef
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, 1001 Woodward Place NE, Albuquerque, NM, 87102.
| | - Aaron Auerbach
- Joint Pathology Center, 606 Stephen Sitter Ave, Silver Spring, MD, 20910.
| | - Roberto Miranda
- MD Anderson Cancer Center/University of Texas, Room 4.2115b, Clark Clinic, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030.
| | - Russell K Brynes
- Department of Pathology, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2011 Zonal Ave HMR 209, Los Angeles, CA, 90033.
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB no. 7525, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599.
| | - S David Hudnall
- Yale Department of Pathology, 310 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, 06520.
| |
Collapse
|