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Zamiri M, Cheung PK, Brockman MA, Brumme ZL, Chabot B, Cochrane A, Grierson DS. 2-Trifluoromethylthiazole-5-carboxamides: Analogues of a Stilbene-Based Anti-HIV Agent that Impact HIV mRNA Processing. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1818-1823. [PMID: 34795872 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation that stilbene 3 (5350150) blocks HIV replication through its impact on HIV mRNA processing prompted a program to develop non-cytotoxic analogues that maintain its mechanism of action. This initially involved replacement of the central double bond in 3 by an amide function and the quinoline motif by a 2-aminobenzothiazole subunit, as in 12jj (R' = Cl), 12pp (R = NO2), and 12vv (R = CF3). On the basis of the possible CF3 ↔ NO2 bioisostere relationship in 12vv and 12pp, compound 23 was prepared and also found to be active. In the final step, the thiazole compounds 28 (GPS488) (EC50 = 1.66 μM) and 29 (GPS491) (EC50 = 0.47 μM) were prepared and evaluated. Similar activity and cell viability values (therapeutic index (TI = CC50/EC50) values of 50-100) were observed in primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, they remained active against a panel of HIV mutant strains displaying resistance to individual drugs used in antiretroviral therapy. It was determined that compound 29 suppressed expression of the HIV-1 structural protein Gag and altered HIV-1 RNA accumulation, decreasing the abundance of RNAs encoding the structural proteins while increasing levels of viral RNAs encoding the regulatory proteins, a pattern similar to that seen for compound 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zamiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Peter K. Cheung
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608−1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608−1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, 608−1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Alan Cochrane
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David S. Grierson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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He S, Jain P, Lin B, Ferrer M, Hu Z, Southall N, Hu X, Zheng W, Neuenswander B, Cho CH, Chen Y, Worlikar SA, Aubé J, Larock RC, Schoenen FJ, Marugan JJ, Liang TJ, Frankowski KJ. High-Throughput Screening, Discovery, and Optimization To Develop a Benzofuran Class of Hepatitis C Virus Inhibitors. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:641-52. [PMID: 26332742 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.5b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Using a high-throughput, cell-based HCV luciferase reporter assay to screen a diverse small-molecule compound collection (∼ 300,000 compounds), we identified a benzofuran compound class of HCV inhibitors. The optimization of the benzofuran scaffold led to the identification of several exemplars with potent inhibition (EC50 < 100 nM) of HCV, low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 25 μM), and excellent selectivity (selective index = CC50/EC50, > 371-fold). The structure-activity studies culminated in the design and synthesis of a 45-compound library to comprehensively explore the anti-HCV activity. The identification, design, synthesis, and biological characterization for this benzofuran series is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan He
- Liver
Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | - Billy Lin
- Liver
Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH
Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Zongyi Hu
- Liver
Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH
Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH
Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Wei Zheng
- NIH
Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan J. Marugan
- NIH
Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - T. Jake Liang
- Liver
Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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Han B, Dvory-Sobol H, Greenstein A, McCarville JF, Hung M, Liu X, Miller MD, Mo H. Development and application of a fast, reproducible assay to measure HCV NS3 protease activity using Escherichia coli lysate. J Virol Methods 2015; 225:76-86. [PMID: 26391876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease is a key target of efforts to develop direct-acting antiviral inhibitors for treatment of chronic HCV infection. In vitro analyses of the effects of NS3/4A mutations and polymorphisms on protease inhibitor (PI) susceptibility are essential to nonclinical and clinical compound characterization, but can be hampered by time and technical limitations of current in vitro methods using replicon or purified protein systems. We have developed a fast and simple method utilizing full-length NS3/4A protease inducibly expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Minimally processed E. coli whole cell lysate was used for analyzing NS3/4A protease activity and inhibition by antiviral compounds. Assay conditions were optimized to develop a reproducible assay that can be used for efficient analysis of NS3 protease mutants with poor replication capacity in the replicon system. IC50 fold-changes for NS3 mutants relative to their wild-types generated by this NS3 assay are comparable to those observed in the replicon system, with an R(2) of 0.82 for the values obtained by the two methods. In addition, we demonstrate that this assay can be successfully used for population and clonal phenotyping of patient samples and characterization of PIs against the NS3/4A protease from HCV genotypes 1-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Magdeleine Hung
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - Hongmei Mo
- Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
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