1
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Investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of benzoxathiolone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03042-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease represent significant challenges in healthcare. Enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines are important drug targets for these disorders and inhibitors of these enzymes have played key roles as therapeutic agents. For example, inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A have been used for decades as antidepressant agents and act by inhibiting the central metabolism of serotonin and noradrenaline, while MAO-B inhibitors conserve central dopamine supply and have been used to treat Parkinson’s disease. Literature reports that benzoxathiolone derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors with specificity for the MAO-B isoform. To expand on these findings, the present study synthesised series of benzoxathiolone derivatives and investigated their human MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzoxathiolone derivatives were potent MAO inhibitors, with the most potent compounds exhibiting IC50 values of 0.083 and 0.086 µM (4d and 5e) and 0.0069 and 0.0066 µM (3a and 3b) for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Compounds 4d and 5e are significantly more potent MAO-A inhibitors compared to those reported previously. It may be concluded that benzoxathiolone derived compounds may act as future leads for the development of new treatments for depression and Parkinson’s disease.
Graphical Abstract
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2
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3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-(1H-indol-5-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole was synthesized via the condensation of 3,4-dichlorobenzamidoxime and methyl 1H-indole-5-carboxylate using a superbasic medium (NaOH/DMSO). The compound was tested as a potential inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. It demonstrated a notable inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.036 μM for the MAO-B and isoform specificity. The product was characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS. In conclusion, the new active MAO-B inhibitor may serve as a candidate for the future discovery of therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
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3
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The discovery of a non-competitive GOT1 inhibitor, hydralazine hydrochloride, via a coupling reaction-based high-throughput screening assay. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 73:128883. [PMID: 35820623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase 1 (GOT1) plays a key role in aberrant glutamine metabolism. GOT1 suppression can arrest tumor growth and prevent the development of cancer, indicating GOT1 as a potential anticancer target. Reported GOT1 inhibitors, on the other hand, are quite restricted. Here, we developed and optimized a coupling reaction-based high-throughput screening assay for the discovery of GOT1 inhibitors. By using this screening assay, we found that the cardiovascular drug hydralazine hydrochloride inhibited GOT1 catalytic activity, with an IC50 of 26.62 ± 7.45 μM, in a non-competitive and partial-reversible manner. In addition, we determined the binding affinity of hydralazine hydrochloride to GOT1, with a Kd of 16.54 ± 8.59 μM, using a microscale thermophoresis assay. According to structure-activity relationship analysis, the inhibitory activity of hydralazine hydrochloride is mainly derived from its hydrazine group. Furthermore, it inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 with a slight inhibitory effect compared to other tested cancer cells, highlighting GOT1 as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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4
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The evaluation of N-propargylamine-2-aminotetralin as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 67:128746. [PMID: 35447344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are established therapy for Parkinson's disease and act, in part, by blocking the MAO-catalysed metabolism of dopamine in the brain. Two propargylamine-containing MAO-B inhibitors, selegiline [(R)-deprenyl] and rasagiline, are currently used in the clinic for this purpose. These compounds are mechanism-based inactivators and, after oxidative activation, form covalent adducts with the FAD co-factor. An important consideration is that selegiline and rasagiline display specificity for MAO-B over the MAO-A isoform thus reducing the risk of tyramine-induced changes in blood-pressure. In the interest of discovering new propargylamine MAO inhibitors, the present study synthesises racemic N-propargylamine-2-aminotetralin (2-PAT), a compound that may be considered as both a six-membered ring analogue of rasagiline and a semi-rigid N-desmethyl ring-closed analogue of selegiline. The in vitro human MAO inhibition properties of this compound were measured and the results showed that 2-PAT is a 20-fold more potent inhibitor of MAO-A (IC50 = 0.721 µM) compared to MAO-B (IC50 = 14.6 µM). Interestingly, dialysis studies found that 2-PAT is a reversible MAO-A inhibitor, while acting as an inactivator of MAO-B. Since reversible MAO-A inhibitors are much less liable to potentiate tyramine-induced side effects than MAO-A inactivators, it is reasonable to suggest that 2-PAT could be a useful and safe therapeutic agent for disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression.
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5
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Grigor’eva AI, Shetnev AA, Kotov AD, Ivanovskii SA, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Synthesis and Antimonoamine Oxidase Activity of 2-(3-Iminoisoindol-1-ylidene)-2-arylacetonitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022050049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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de Beer AD, Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase by tetralone and indanone derivatives substituted with the nitrocatechol moiety. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105130. [PMID: 34225162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes, catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) are important drug targets, and inhibitors of these enzymes are established therapy for symptomatic Parkinson's disease (PD). COMT inhibitors enhance the bioavailability of levodopa to the brain, and therefore are combined with levodopa for the treatment of motor fluctuations in PD. Inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform, in turn, are used as monotherapy or in conjunction with levodopa in PD, and function by reducing the central degradation of dopamine. It has been reported that 1-tetralone and 1-indanone derivatives are potent and specific inhibitors of MAO-B, while compounds containing the nitrocatechol moiety (e.g. tolcapone and entacapone) are often potent COMT inhibitors. The present study attempted to discover compounds that exhibit dual COMT and MAO-B inhibition by synthesizing series of 1-tetralone, 1-indanone and related derivatives substituted with the nitrocatechol moiety. These compounds are structurally related to series of nitrocatechol derivatives of chalcone that have recently been investigated as potential dual COMT/MAO inhibitors. The results show that 4-chromanone derivative (7) is the most promising dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.57 and 7.26 μM for COMT and MAO-B, respectively, followed by 1-tetralone derivative (4d) with IC50 values of 0.42 and 7.83 μM for COMT and MAO-B, respectively. Based on their potent inhibition of COMT, it may be concluded that nitrocatechol compounds investigated in this study are appropriate for peripheral COMT inhibition, which represents an important strategy in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries D de Beer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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7
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Salgin-Goksen U, Telli G, Erikci A, Dedecengiz E, Tel BC, Kaynak FB, Yelekci K, Ucar G, Gokhan-Kelekci N. New 2-Pyrazoline and Hydrazone Derivatives as Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase A Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1989-2009. [PMID: 33533632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thirty compounds having 1-[2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl) acetyl]-3,5-disubstitutedphenyl-2-pyrazoline structure and nine compounds having N'-(1,3-disubstitutedphenylallylidene)-2-(5-substituted-2-benzoxazolinone-3-yl)acetohydrazide skeleton were synthesized and evaluated as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. All of the compounds exhibited selective MAO-A inhibitor activity in the nanomolar or low micromolar range. The results of the molecular docking for hydrazone derivatives supported the in vitro results. Five compounds, 6 (0.008 μM, Selectivity Index (SI): 9.70 × 10-4), 7 (0.009 μM, SI: 4.55 × 10-5), 14 (0.001 μM, SI: 8.00 × 10-4), 21 (0.009 μM, SI: 1.37 × 10-5), and 42 (0.010 μM, SI: 5.40 × 10-6), exhibiting the highest inhibition and selectivity toward hMAO-A and nontoxic to hepatocytes were assessed for antidepressant activity as acute and subchronic in mice. All of these five compounds showed significant antidepressant activity with subchronic administration consistent with the increase in the brain serotonin levels and the compounds crossed the blood-brain barrier according to parallel artificial membrane permeation assay. Compounds 14, 21, and 42 exhibited an ex vivo MAO-A profile, which is highly consistent with the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Salgin-Goksen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey.,Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, Analyses and Control Laboratories, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gokcen Telli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Acelya Erikci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lokman Hekim University, 06510 Söğütözü, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Dedecengiz
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Banu Cahide Tel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Betul Kaynak
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Yelekci
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, 34083 Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulberk Ucar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gokhan-Kelekci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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8
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Betari N, Sahlholm K, Morató X, Godoy-Marín H, Jáuregui O, Teigen K, Ciruela F, Haavik J. Inhibition of Tryptophan Hydroxylases and Monoamine Oxidase-A by the Proton Pump Inhibitor, Omeprazole- In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:593416. [PMID: 33324221 PMCID: PMC7726444 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.593416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a hormone and neurotransmitter that modulates neural activity as well as a wide range of other physiological processes including cardiovascular function, bowel motility, and platelet aggregation. 5-HT synthesis is catalyzed by tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) which exists as two distinct isoforms; TPH1 and TPH2, which are responsible for peripheral and central 5-HT, respectively. Due to the implication of 5-HT in a number of pathologies, including depression, anxiety, autism, sexual dysfunction, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and carcinoid syndrome, there has been a growing interest in finding modulators of these enzymes in recent years. We thus performed high-throughput screening (HTS) using a fluorescence-based thermal shift assay (DSF) to search the Prestwick Chemical Library containing 1,280 compounds, mostly FDA-approved drugs, for TPH1 binders. We here report the identification of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, as an inhibitor of TPH1 and TPH2 with low micromolar potency and high selectivity over the other aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. The S-enantiomer of omeprazole, esomeprazole, has recently also been described as an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), the main enzyme responsible for 5-HT degradation, albeit with lower potency compared to the effect on TPH1 and TPH2. In order to investigate the net effect of simultaneous inhibition of TPH and MAO-A in vivo, we administered high-dose (100 mg/kg) omeprazole to CD-1 mice for 4 days, after which the animals were subjected to the tail suspension test. Finally, central (whole brain) and peripheral (serum) 5-HT content was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Omeprazole treatment significantly increased 5-HT concentrations, both in brain and in serum, and reduced the time spent immobile in the tail suspension test relative to vehicle control. Thus, the MAO-A inhibition afforded by high-dose omeprazole appears to overcome the opposing effect on 5-HT produced by inhibition of TPH1 and TPH2. Further modification of proton pump inhibitor scaffolds may yield more selective modulators of 5-HT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibal Betari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Morató
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Héctor Godoy-Marín
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Jáuregui
- Scientific and Technological Centers of University of Barcelona (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Knut Teigen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Bergen Center of Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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9
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The evaluation of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Mol Divers 2020; 25:491-507. [PMID: 32970293 PMCID: PMC7512223 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is of much clinical relevance, and inhibitors of this enzyme are used in the treatment for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson’s disease. The present study synthesises and evaluates the MAO inhibition properties of a series of 33 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives in an attempt to discover high-potency compounds and to expand on the structure–activity relationships of MAO inhibition by these classes. Among these series, eight submicromolar MAO-A inhibitors and 28 submicromolar MAO-B inhibitors are reported, with all compounds acting as specific inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform. The most potent inhibitor was a 1-tetralone derivative (1h) with IC50 values of 0.036 and 0.0011 µM for MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Interestingly, with the reduction of 1-tetralones to the corresponding alcohols, a decrease in MAO inhibition potency is observed. Among these 1-tetralol derivatives, 1p (IC50 = 0.785 μM) and 1o (IC50 = 0.0075 μM) were identified as particularly potent inhibitors of MAO-A and MAO-B, respectively. Potent compounds such as those reported here may act as leads for the future development of MAO-B specific inhibitors. Graphic abstract The present study describes the MAO inhibitory activities of a series of 1-tetralone and 4-chromanone derivatives. Numerous high-potency MAO-B specific inhibitors were identified.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11030-020-10143-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorised users.
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10
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Shetnev A, Shlenev R, Efimova J, Ivanovskii S, Tarasov A, Petzer A, Petzer JP. 1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides as privileged structures for the inhibition of monoamine oxidase B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126677. [PMID: 31537422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of a series of ten 5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamides. The target compounds were synthesized by dehydration of the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazines with phosphorus oxychloride to yield the 1,3,4-oxadiazole cycle with concomitant transformation of the sulfonamide to the sulfonyl chloride group. Treatment with aqueous ammonia in acetonitrile regenerated the target sulfonamides. The results of the enzymology document that these compounds are potent and specific MAO-B inhibitors with the most potent compound exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.0027 µM. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships shows that the 4-benzenesulfonamides are significantly more potent MAO-B inhibitors than the corresponding 3-benzenesulfonamides, and that the corresponding N,N'-diacylhydrazine synthetic precursors are weak MAO inhibitors. Although MAO inhibition by oxadiazole compounds are known, this is the first report of nanomolar MAO inhibition potencies recorded for sulfonamide derivatives. MAO-B specific inhibitors such as those discovered here may be of interest in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Roman Shlenev
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Julia Efimova
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ivanovskii
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Tarasov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl 150023, Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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11
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Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP, Petzer A. Evaluation of Selected Natural Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Monoamine Oxidase. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:133-145. [PMID: 31258092 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190619090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The most effective symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease remains
the metabolic precursor of dopamine, L-dopa. To enhance the efficacy of L-dopa, it is often combined
with inhibitors of the enzymes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase
(MAO) B, key metabolic enzymes of L-dopa and dopamine.
Objective:
This study attempted to discover compounds that exhibit dual inhibition of COMT and
MAO-B among a library of 40 structurally diverse natural compounds. Such dual acting inhibitors
may be effective as adjuncts to L-dopa and offer enhanced value in the management of Parkinson’s
disease.
Methods:
Selected natural compounds were evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of rat liver COMT and
recombinant human MAO. Reversibility of MAO inhibition was investigated by dialysis.
Results:
Among the natural compounds morin (IC50 = 1.32 µM), chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 6.17 µM),
(+)-catechin (IC50 = 0.86 µM), alizarin (IC50 = 0.88 µM), fisetin (IC50 = 5.78 µM) and rutin (IC50 =
25.3 µM) exhibited COMT inhibition. Among these active COMT inhibitors only morin (IC50 = 16.2
µM), alizarin (IC50 = 8.16 µM) and fisetin (IC50 = 7.33 µM) were noteworthy MAO inhibitors, with
specificity for MAO-A.
Conclusion:
None of the natural products investigated here are dual COMT/MAO-B inhibitors.
However, good potency COMT inhibitors have been identified, which may serve as leads for future
development of COMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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12
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Hitge R, Petzer JP, Suponitsky KY. Optimization of pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-dione and indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:970-980. [PMID: 31348537 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent studies, we have investigated the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition properties of pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-dione and indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Since numerous high potency MAO inhibitors are present among these chemical classes, the present study synthesizes 44 additional derivatives in an attempt to further derive structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to establish optimal substitution patterns for MAO inhibition. The results show that, with the exception of one compound, all indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives (10) exhibit submicromolar IC50 values for the inhibition of MAO, with the most potent MAO-A inhibitor exhibiting an IC50 value of 0.006 μM while the most potent MAO-B inhibitor exhibits an IC50 value of 0.058 μM. Interestingly, an N-oxide derivative (4c) also proved to be a potent and nonspecific MAO inhibitor. With the exception of one compound, all of the pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-diones (28) also exhibit submicromolar IC50 values for the inhibition of an MAO isoform. The most potent inhibitor exhibit an IC50 value of 0.011 μM for MAO-A. This study proposes that high potency MAO inhibitors such as those investigated here, may act as lead compounds for the development of treatments for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Igor G Abramov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, Yaroslavl, Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Rialette Hitge
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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13
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Marais L, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Legoabe LJ. The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of C6- and N1-substituted 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives. Mol Divers 2019; 24:391-406. [PMID: 31115748 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolinone compounds are of interest in medicinal chemistry since they display a wide range of biological properties. In the present study, a series of C6- and N1-substituted 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of recombinant human monoamine oxidase (MAO). Some of these quinazolinones are structurally related to a series of 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone derivatives, which have previously been reported to act as specific inhibitors of MAO-B. The results document that, among 37 compounds synthesised, seven displayed IC50 values < 1 µM for the inhibition of MAO-B. The most potent MAO-A inhibitor exhibits an IC50 value of 7.43 µM while the most potent MAO-B inhibitor possesses an IC50 value of 0.269 µM. Good-potency MAO inhibition was only observed among C6-substituted 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2(1H)-one derivatives with N1-substitution yielding comparatively low-potency inhibition. MAO-B-specific inhibitors such as some of the quinazolinone compounds investigated here may act as leads for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lereze Marais
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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14
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Qhobosheane MA, Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of C6-mono- and N3/C6-disubstituted derivatives of 4(3H)-quinazolinone. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:60-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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15
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Guglielmi P, Carradori S, Poli G, Secci D, Cirilli R, Rotondi G, Chimenti P, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition of a Small Library of 1-acetyl- and 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-(1H)-pyrazoles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030484. [PMID: 30700029 PMCID: PMC6384781 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
New N-acetyl/N-thiocarbamoylpyrazoline derivatives were designed and synthesized in high yields to assess their inhibitory activity and selectivity against human monoamine oxidase A and B. The most important chiral compounds were separated into their single enantiomers and tested. The impact of the substituents at N1, C3 and C5 positions as well the influence of the configuration of the C5 on the biological activity were analyzed. Bulky aromatic groups at C5 were not tolerated. p-Prenyloxyaryl moiety at C3 oriented the selectivity toward the B isoform. The results were also corroborated by molecular modelling studies providing new suggestions for the synthesis of privileged structures to serve as lead compounds for the treatment of mood disorders and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro nazionale per il controllo e la valutazione dei farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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16
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Synthesis and evaluation of chromone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Mol Divers 2019; 23:897-913. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Shetnev A, Osipyan A, Baykov S, Sapegin A, Chirkova Z, Korsakov M, Petzer A, Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP. Novel monoamine oxidase inhibitors based on the privileged 2-imidazoline molecular framework. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 29:40-46. [PMID: 30455149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Series of structurally diverse 2-imidazoline derivatives have been synthesized by condensation of substituted aldehydes with ethylenediamine, Pd-catalyzed N-arylation of 2-imidazolines and by the formation of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles and benzoxazepines from 2-imidazoline-containing precursors. The 2-imidazoline derivatives were evaluated as potential inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. Among the 2-imidazolines, good potency inhibitors were discovered with compound 9p (IC50 = 0.012 µM) being the most potent MAO-B inhibitor, while compound 9d (IC50 = 0.751 µM) was the most potent MAO-A inhibitor of the series. These potencies are in the same range as those of reference MAO inhibitors used in the clinic. Among 33 compounds evaluated, 13 exhibited IC50 values in the submicromolar range for the inhibition of an MAO isoform. It is postulated that the imidazoline moieties of some of these inhibitors may be recognized by the imidazoline I2-binding site of MAO. Good potency MAO inhibitors may be useful for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression and Parkinson's disease, and future application for the treatment of prostate cancer, congestive heart failure and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, high potency 2-imidazoline-derived MAO inhibitors may be used as potential probes for the imidazoline binding sites of the MAOs, as well as to determine alternative binding regions of imidazoline within the MAO active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Shetnev
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation.
| | - Angelina Osipyan
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
| | - Sergey Baykov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander Sapegin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof, Saint Petersburg 198504, Russian Federation.
| | - Zhanna Chirkova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University, 150023 Yaroslavl, Russian Federation.
| | - Michail Korsakov
- Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center, Ushinsky Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, 108 Respublikanskaya St., Yaroslavl 150000, Russian Federation.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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18
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Qhobosheane MA, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Legoabe LJ. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-substituted 4(3H)-quinazolinone thioether derivatives as monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5531-5537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Chirkova ZV, Kabanova MV, Filimonov SI, Abramov IG, Petzer A, Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP, Yu Suponitsky K, Veselovsky AV. An investigation of the monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of pyrrolo[3,4-f]indole-5,7-dione and indole-5,6-dicarbonitrile derivatives. Drug Dev Res 2018; 79:81-93. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna V. Chirkova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Mariya V. Kabanova
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | | | - Igor G. Abramov
- Yaroslavl State Technical University; Yaroslavl 150023 Russian Federation
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119991 Russian Federation
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20
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Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Methylene blue and its analogues as antidepressant compounds. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1357-1382. [PMID: 28762173 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylene Blue (MB) is considered to have diverse medical applications and is a well-described treatment for methemoglobinemias and ifosfamide-induced encephalopathy. In recent years the focus has shifted to MB as an antimalarial agent and as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Of interest are reports that MB possesses antidepressant and anxiolytic activity in pre-clinical models and has shown promise in clinical trials for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. MB is a noteworthy inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which is a well-established target for antidepressant action. MB is also recognized as a non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase. Dysfunction of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) cascade is strongly linked to the neurobiology of mood, anxiety and psychosis, while the inhibition of NOS and/or guanylate cyclase has been associated with an antidepressant response. This action of MB may contribute significantly to its psychotropic activity. However, these disorders are also characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and redox imbalance. By acting as an alternative electron acceptor/donor MB restores mitochondrial function, improves neuronal energy production and inhibits the formation of superoxide, effects that also may contribute to its therapeutic activity. Using MB in depression co-morbid with neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, also represents a particularly relevant strategy. By considering their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, analogues of MB may provide therapeutic potential as novel multi-target strategies in the treatment of depression. In addition, low MAO-A active analogues may provide equal or improved response with a lower risk of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzelle Delport
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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21
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The evaluation of 1,4-benzoquinones as inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:196-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The monoamine oxidase inhibition properties of selected structural analogues of methylene blue. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 325:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Nel MS, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Legoabe LJ. 2-Benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4599-4605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Nel MS, Petzer A, Petzer JP, Legoabe LJ. 2-Heteroarylidene-1-indanone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:20-28. [PMID: 27662218 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a series of fifteen 2-heteroarylidene-1-indanone derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of recombinant human monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B. These compounds are structurally related to series of heterocyclic chalcone derivatives which have previously been shown to act as MAO-B specific inhibitors. The results document that the 2-heteroarylidene-1-indanones are in vitro inhibitors of MAO-B, displaying IC50 values of 0.0044-1.53μM. Although with lower potencies, the derivatives also inhibit the MAO-A isoform with IC50 values as low as 0.061μM. An analysis of the structure-activity relationships for MAO-B inhibition indicates that substitution with the methoxy group on the A-ring leads to a significant enhancement in MAO-B inhibition compared to the unsubstituted homologues while the effect of the heteroaromatic substituent on activity, in decreasing order is: 5-bromo-2-furan>5-methyl-2-furan>2-pyridine≈2-thiophene>cyclohexyl>3-pyridine≈2-furan. It may therefore be concluded that 2-heteroarylidene-1-indanone derivatives are promising leads for the design of MAO inhibitors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena S Nel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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25
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Mostert S, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by benzoxathiolone analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:1200-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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26
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Minders C, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Lourens AC. Monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities of heterocyclic chalcones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Van Dyk AS, Petzer JP, Petzer A, Legoabe LJ. 3-Coumaranone derivatives as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:5479-89. [PMID: 26491258 PMCID: PMC4599074 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s89961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory properties of a series of 20 3-coumaranone [benzofuran-3(2H)-one] derivatives. The 3-coumaranone derivatives are structurally related to series of α-tetralone and 1-indanone derivatives, which have recently been shown to potently inhibit MAO, with selectivity for MAO-B (in preference to the MAO-A isoform). 3-Coumaranones are similarly found to selectively inhibit human MAO-B with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.004–1.05 µM. Nine compounds exhibited IC50<0.05 µM for the inhibition of MAO-B. For the inhibition of human MAO-A, IC50 values ranged from 0.586 to >100 µM, with only one compound possessing an IC50<1 µM. For selected 3-coumaranone derivatives, it is established that MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition are reversible since dialysis of enzyme–inhibitor mixtures almost completely restores enzyme activity. On the basis of the selectivity profiles and potent action, it may be concluded that the 3-coumaranone derivatives are suitable leads for the development of selective MAO-B inhibitors as potential treatment for disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriaan S Van Dyk
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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28
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. 2-acetylphenol analogs as potent reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015. [PMID: 26203229 PMCID: PMC4507791 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s86225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on a previous report that substituted 2-acetylphenols may be promising leads for the design of novel monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, a series of C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs (15) and related compounds (two) were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human MAO-A and MAO-B. Generally, the study compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against both MAO-A and MAO-B, with selectivity for the B isoform. Among the compounds evaluated, seven compounds exhibited IC50 values <0.01 µM for MAO-B inhibition, with the most selective compound being 17,000-fold selective for MAO-B over the MAO-A isoform. Analyses of the structure–activity relationships for MAO inhibition show that substitution on the C5 position of the 2-acetylphenol moiety is a requirement for MAO-B inhibition, and the benzyloxy substituent is particularly favorable in this regard. This study concludes that C5-substituted 2-acetylphenol analogs are potent and selective MAO-B inhibitors, appropriate for the design of therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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29
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Mostert S, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Indanones As High-Potency Reversible Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:862-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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30
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Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The Synthesis and Evaluation of C7-Substitutedα-Tetralone Derivatives as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:895-904. [PMID: 25581511 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja J. Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry; School of Pharmacy; North-West University; Private Bag X6001 Potchefstroom 2520 South Africa
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31
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Kędzior M, Seredyński R, Godzik U, Tomczyk D, Gutowicz J, Terlecka E, Całkosiński I, Terlecki G. Inhibition of cathepsin B activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:733-737. [PMID: 25163566 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent toxic isomer in the dioxin-like family. Due to its resistance to metabolic degradation, this ubiquitous environmental pollutant readily accumulates in multiple organs. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine protease playing an essential role in the intracellular protein turnover. Alterations in its expression, activity, and localization may facilitate the development of many pathologies, including cancer. TCDD, due to its extremely lipophilic nature, may diffuse through biological membranes and affect lysosomal enzymes, including cathepsins. Therefore, in this study we performed two enzymatic assays, spectrofluorimetry and gelatin zymography, in order to evaluate the effect of TCDD on purified bovine cathepsin B. We showed that the dioxin decreases the enzyme's activity in a dose-dependent manner. The reversibility of TCDD-induced inhibition of the protease was also examined, suggesting that TCDD does not bind covalently to the enzyme's active site, acting rather as a reversible inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kędzior
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Microorganisms, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
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32
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Delport A, Harvey BH, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Azure B and a synthetic structural analogue of methylene blue, ethylthioninium chloride, present with antidepressant-like properties. Life Sci 2014; 117:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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33
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De Monte C, Carradori S, Chimenti P, Secci D, Mannina L, Alcaro F, Petzer A, N'Da CI, Gidaro MC, Costa G, Alcaro S, Petzer JP. New insights into the biological properties of Crocus sativus L.: chemical modifications, human monoamine oxidases inhibition and molecular modeling studies. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 82:164-71. [PMID: 24904963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although there are clinical trials and in vivo studies in literature regarding the anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of the components of Crocus sativus L., their effects on the human monoamine oxidases (hMAO-A and hMAO-B), enzymes which are involved in mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, have not yet been investigated. We have thus examined the hMAO inhibitory activities of crocin and safranal (the most important active principles in saffron) and, subsequently, designed a series of safranal derivatives to evaluate which chemical modifications confer enhanced inhibition of the hMAO isoforms. Docking simulations were performed in order to identify key molecular recognitions of these inhibitors with both isoforms of hMAO. In this regard, different mechanisms of action were revealed. This study concludes that safranal and crocin represent useful leads for the discovery of novel hMAO inhibitors for the clinical management of psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste De Monte
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Laboratorio di Risonanza Magnetica "Annalaura Segre", CNR, via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Clarina I N'Da
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Maria Concetta Gidaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario "S. Venuta", Viale Europa Loc. Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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