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Rizzo MI, Greco A, De Virgilio A, Gallo A, Taverniti L, Fusconi M, Conte M, Pagliuca G, Turchetta R, de Vincentiis M. Glaucoma: recent advances in the involvement of autoimmunity. Immunol Res 2018; 65:207-217. [PMID: 27475096 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is the most commonly acquired optic neuropathy encountered in clinical practice. It is the second leading cause of blindness globally, after cataracts, but it presents a greater public health challenge than cataracts, because the blindness it causes is irreversible. It has pathogenesis still largely unknown and no established cure. Alterations in serum antibody profiles, upregulation, and downregulation have been described, but it still remains elusive if the autoantibodies seen in glaucoma are an epiphenomenon or causative. Hypertension, diabetes, and hearing disorders also are associated. This review is a glaucoma update with focus about the recent advances in the last 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Rizzo
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy.,Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Greco
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Armando De Virgilio
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Surgical Science, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Gallo
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100, Latina, LT, Italy
| | - Luciano Taverniti
- Ophthalmology Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fusconi
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Conte
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagliuca
- Otorhinolaryngology Section, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica, 79, 04100, Latina, LT, Italy
| | - Rosaria Turchetta
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco de Vincentiis
- ENT Section, Department Organs of Sense, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00100, Rome, Italy
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