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Bakare AA, Moses VY, Beckely CT, Oluyemi TI, Ogunfeitimi GO, Adelaja AA, Ayorinde GT, Gbadebo AM, Fagbenro OS, Ogunsuyi OI, Ogunsuyi OM, Ige OM. The first-line antituberculosis drugs, and their fixed-dose combination induced abnormal sperm morphology and histological lesions in the testicular cells of male mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1023413. [PMID: 36582470 PMCID: PMC9793334 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1023413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF), Isoniazid (INH), Ethambutol (EMB), Pyrazinamide (PZA), and/or their fixed-dose combination (FDC) are extensively prescribed in the cure of Tuberculosis (TB) globally. In spite of the beneficial effect, these drugs are capable of inducing cellular toxicity. Existing information on the genotoxic effects of the first-line anti-TB drugs is limited and contentious. Herein, we evaluated the reproductive genotoxicity of RIF, INH, EMB, PZA, and their FDC utilizing the mouse sperm morphology assay. Histological examination of the testes of exposed mice was also performed. Male Swiss albino mice (11-13 weeks old) were intraperitoneally exposed for 5 consecutive days to each of the anti-TB drugs at four different doses of 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg bw of PZA; 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw of RIF; 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg/kg bw of INH; 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30 mg/kg bw of EMB; and 7, 14, 28 and 56 mg/kg bw of FDC corresponding respectively to ×0.25, ×0.5, ×1 and ×2.0 of the standard daily dose. In comparison with the negative control (normal saline), there was no significant difference in the testicular weight and organo-somatic index of exposed mice. There was an increase (p > 0.05) in the frequency of abnormal spermatozoa at most of the tested doses of each drug and a dose-dependent decrease with the FDC. Each of the anti-TB drugs except the FDC induced pathological lesions in the testes. These findings suggest that the individual first-line anti-TB drug unlike the FDC has the potential to provoke testicular anomalies in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle A. Bakare
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria,*Correspondence: Adekunle A. Bakare, ,
| | - Victoria Y. Moses
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Charles T. Beckely
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Toluwani I. Oluyemi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gift O. Ogunfeitimi
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Aduragbemi A. Adelaja
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Glory T. Ayorinde
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Olukunle S. Fagbenro
- Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun I. Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Opeoluwa M. Ogunsuyi
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olusoji Mayowa Ige
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Gunaydin-Akyildiz A, Aksoy N, Boran T, Ilhan EN, Ozhan G. Favipiravir induces oxidative stress and genotoxicity in cardiac and skin cells. Toxicol Lett 2022; 371:9-16. [PMID: 36152797 PMCID: PMC9492396 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Favipiravir (T-705), used against influenza viruses, is approved for emergency use in many countries for the treatment of COVID-19. The frequent adverse effects of favipiravir are related with the gastrointestinal system, however, studies suggest a positive association of favipiravir on QTc prolongation, which can cause cardiotoxicity. Also, there are reports of skin reactions such as angioedema due to favipiravir. Despite the several adverse effects, studies examining the drug's effects at the molecular level are insufficient, e.g., the genotoxic and oxidative stress-inducing effects of favipiravir, which are among the primary mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity. The cytotoxicity of favipiravir was analyzed with the measurement of the ATP content in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts and CCD-1079Sk skin fibroblasts. The ATP level decreased starting from 200 µM. The inhibitory effect on the mitochondrial electron transport chain enzymes complex I and complex V was also evaluated where favipiravir showed significant enzyme inhibitory effects in the highest concentration studied. A molecular docking study evaluating the interaction between favipiravir-RTP and mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG1) was done. The relationship of favipiravir with oxidative stress was examined by measuring glutathione (GSH) and protein carbonyl levels which were observed higher after drug treatment compared to the control group. The genotoxicity study was done using the Comet assay and increase in DNA tail has been detected. Furthermore, 8-OHdG levels were measured higher in favipiravir treated cells indicating oxidative DNA damage. Favipiravir induced oxidative stress leading to DNA damage in cardiomyoblast cells and fibroblastic skin cells. Oxidative stress and DNA damage might eventually lead to organ-specific damage such as cardiotoxicity and dermal toxicity. Considering the increased use of favipiravir in recent years, and that oxidative stress and genotoxicity are two important indicators of drug-induced toxicity, the obtained results are worth attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysenur Gunaydin-Akyildiz
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nergis Aksoy
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tugce Boran
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Nihan Ilhan
- Bezmialem Vakif University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Ozhan
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, 34116 Istanbul, Turkey
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Sharma V, Sharma R, Sharma V. Andrographis paniculata mitigates first-line anti-tubercular drugs-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Biomarkers 2022; 27:325-337. [PMID: 35196932 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2043444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Anti-tubercular drugs (ATDs) mediated adverse drug reactions are major concerns for clinicians to treat tuberculosis infection. This study aimed to investigate Andrographis paniculata extract-based phytotherapy to combat the nephrotoxic effects caused by ATDs therapy. METHODS Reno-protective effect of A. paniculata extract in ATDs-induced rats was evaluated through LPO, GSH, CAT, SOD, GST, urea, creatinine, uric acid, and histopathological studies. Standardization of the extract was performed RP-HPLC and FTIR analysis. Whereas, the effect of A. paniculata extract on ATDs induced genetic perturbation was analyzed using micronucleus assay. Moreover, the expression level of the xenometabolic gene was investigated using RT-PCR to explore the therapeutic mechanism. RESULTS The nephrotoxic effect of ATDs was indicated by elevated levels of LPO and renal function markers along with the reduced activity of renal antioxidants. An up-regulated expression profile of NAT gene and histological alterations were observed in renal tissue however, micronucleated PCEs were observed in bone marrow cells. Concomitant treatment with A. paniculata extract revealed a noticeable amelioration of elevated oxidative stress markers, gene expression levels, genotoxic perturbation, and histological alterations in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Hence, the present study using A. paniculata leaf extract confirmed to play effective phytotherapy against ATDs induced renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India- 160014
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Department of Biology and Environmental Sciences, College of Basic Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India- 176061
| | - Vijay Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India- 160014
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Zhao H, Si ZH, Li MH, Jiang L, Fu YH, Xing YX, Hong W, Ruan LY, Li PM, Wang JS. Pyrazinamide-induced hepatotoxicity and gender differences in rats as revealed by a 1H NMR based metabolomics approach. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 6:17-29. [PMID: 30090474 PMCID: PMC6062402 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00245e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a well-known first line anti-tuberculosis drug used in combination with other drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin. Unfortunately, PZA suffered from a high rate of hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia, which has not been clearly elucidated, hindering its wide application for therapeutic purposes. The purpose of this investigation was to develop a model of rat sub-acute hepatotoxicity induced by PZA and to explore the affected metabolic pathways by a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach complemented with histopathological analysis and clinical chemistry. Rats of both genders were administered with PZA by gavage at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1 for 4 weeks. PZA decreased the weights of dosed rats and induced liver injury dose-dependently. The female rats were more sensitive to PZA induced damage. Orthogonal signal correction partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OSC-PLS-DA) of the NMR profiles of the rat liver and serum revealed that PZA produced a status of oxidative stress and disturbances in purine metabolism, energy metabolism and NAD+ metabolism in a gender-specific and dose-dependent manner. These findings could be helpful to clarify the mechanism of PZA-induced hepatotoxicity and hyperuricemia. This integrated metabolomics approach showcased its ability to characterize the global metabolic status of organisms, providing a powerful and feasible tool to probe drug induced toxicity or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Zhi-Hong Si
- Cancer Hospital , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 350 Shu Shan Hu Road , Hefei 230031 , PR China
| | - Ming-Hui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Yong-Hong Fu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Yue-Xiao Xing
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Wei Hong
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Pu-Ming Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism , School of Environmental and Biological Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street , Nanjing 210094 , PR China . ; ; Tel: +86 25 84303216
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