Differences in miRNA expression profiles between GIST and leiomyoma in human samples acquired by submucosal tunneling biopsy

miR-10a-5p Regulates the Proliferation and Differentiation of Porcine Preadipocytes Targeting the KLF11 Gene

In the swine industry, meat quality, color, and texture are influenced by the excessive differentiation of fat cells. miRNAs have emerged as integral regulators of adipose development. This study delves into the influence of miR-10a-5b on the proliferation and differentiation of pig preadipocytes. Our findings reveal that miR-10a-5b is prevalent across various tissues. It hinders preadipocyte proliferation, amplifies the expression of adipogenic genes, promotes lipid accumulation, and, as a result, advances preadipocyte differentiation. We predict that KLF11 is the target gene of miRNA. A dual-fluorescence reporter assay was conducted to validate the binding sites of miR-10a-5b on the 3'UTR of the KLF11 mRNA. Results showed that miR-10a-5b targeted KLF11 3'UTR and reduced the fluorescence activity of the dual-fluorescent reporter vector. Our research also indicates that miR-10a-5b targets and downregulates the expression of both mRNA and the protein levels of KLF11. During the differentiation of the preadipocytes, KLF11 inhibited adipose differentiation and was able to suppress the promotion of adipose differentiation by miR-10a-5b. This underscores miR-10a-5b's potential as a significant regulator of preadipocyte behavior by modulating KLF11 expression, offering insights into the role of functional miRNAs in fat deposition.

miR-10a-5p Inhibits the Differentiation of Goat Intramuscular Preadipocytes by Targeting KLF8 in Goats

Intramuscular fat contributes to the improvement of meat quality of goats. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate adipocyte differentiation and maturation. The aim of our study was to clarify whether miR-10a-5p regulates goat intramuscular preadipocyte (GIPC) differentiation and its direct downstream signaling pathway. GIPCs were isolated from longissimus dorsi, whose miR-10a-5p level was measured at different time point of differentiation induction. Adipogenic differentiation of the GIPCs was evaluated by Oil Red O and BODIPY staining, and the expression changes of adipogenic genes like ACC, ATGL, CEBPβ, PPARγ, etc. Related mechanisms were verified by qPCR, a bioinformatic analysis, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, overexpression, and siRNA transfection. Oil Red O and BODIPY staining both with adipogenic gene detection showed that miR-10a-5p suppressed the accumulation of lipid droplets in GIPCs and inhibited its differentiation. The dual-luciferase reporter assay experiment revealed that miR-10a-5p regulates GIPC differentiation by directly binding to KLF8 3’UTR to regulate its expression. Thus, the results indicated that miR-10a-5p inhibits GIPC differentiation by targeting KLF8 and supply a new target for fat deposition and meat quality improvement.

Non-Coding RNAs, a Novel Paradigm for the Management of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal malignancies found in the gastrointestinal tract. At a molecular level, most GISTs are characterized by gain-of-function mutations in V-Kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 Feline Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KIT) and Platelet Derived Growth Factor Receptor Alpha (PDGFRA), leading to constitutive activated signaling through these receptor tyrosine kinases, which drive GIST pathogenesis. In addition to surgery, treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib forms the mainstay of GIST treatment, particularly in the advanced setting. Nevertheless, the majority of GISTs develop imatinib resistance. Biomarkers that indicate metastasis, drug resistance and disease progression early on could be of great clinical value. Likewise, novel treatment strategies that overcome resistance mechanisms are equally needed. Non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs, can be employed as diagnostic, prognostic or predictive biomarkers and have therapeutic potential. Here we review which non-coding RNAs are deregulated in GISTs, whether they can be linked to specific clinicopathological features and discuss how they can be used to improve the clinical management of GISTs.

Effect of long non-coding RNA AOC4P on gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells

OBJECTIVE

In this research, we explored the effect of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) AOC4P on gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The expression of lncRNA AOC4P in tissues was detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins in tissues were analyzed by Western blot. The experiment included negative control group (CN), silence AOC4P group (si AOC4P), and silence negative control group (si CT). RT-PCR, MTT, Scratch, Transwell, and Annexin V-FITC methods were used to detect the expression of lncRNA AOC4P, cell proliferation, cell migration ability, cell invasion ability, and apoptosis, respectively. The EMT-related proteins including TGF-β, ZEB1, Vimentin, Snail, and E-cadherin were analyzed by Western blot.

RESULTS

The expression of lncRNA AOC4P and the expression of EMT-related proteins in high-risk GISTs were higher than that in low- and intermediate-risk GISTs (P<0.05). It was revealed that cell proliferative migration and invasive ability in si AOC4P group was decreased than that in CN and si CT groups (P<0.05), and cell apoptosis in si AOC4P group was higher than that in si CT group. The results of Western blot demonstrated that the expression of TGF-β1, ZEB1, Vimentin, and Snail in si AOC4P group were lower than that in si CT and CN group (P<0.05), and the expression of E-cadherin in si AOC4P group was higher than that in si CT and CN group (P<0.05).

Comparison of submucosal tunneling biopsy versus EUS-guided FNA for gastric subepithelial lesions: a prospective study with crossover design

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) for gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions (SELs) has limited diagnostic accuracy due to technical problems and small lesion size. We previously reported a novel submucosal tunneling biopsy (STB) technique for sampling SELs. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability and safety of STB compared to that of FNA for SELs.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study was a non-randomized, prospective comparative study with crossover design in patients with endoluminal gastric SELs. Forty-three patients, including 29 cases with lesions < 2 cm were enrolled. A crossover design with 2 intervention stages (Group A: FNA followed by STB for 23 SELs, Group B: STB followed by FNA for 20 SELs) was implemented. The primary outcome was the diagnostic yield (DY). Secondary outcomes were technical success rate, procedure time, complication rate, and sample quality.

RESULTS

The DY of STB was significantly higher than that of FNA (100 % vs. 34.8 %; P  < 0.0001) in group A, including 100 % in overall STB. The technical success rate of STB was significantly higher than that of FNA (100 % vs. 56.5 %; P  = 0.0006), whereas the median procedure time of STB was significantly longer than that of FNA (37 minutes vs. 18 minutes; P  < 0.0001). The median specimen area of STB samples was markedly larger than that of FNA samples (5.54 mm 2 vs. 0.69 mm 2 ; P  < 0.001). No complications occurred in either method.

CONCLUSIONS

 STB had significantly superior diagnostic ability and a more adequate sample quality than FNA for endoluminal gastric SELs, indicating the suitability of STB for small SELs.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION

UMIN 000006754.

MiRNA profiling of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by next-generation sequencing

Deregulation of miRNAs has been observed virtually in all major types of cancer, whereas the miRNA signature in GIST is not well characterized yet. In this study the first high-throughput miRNA profiling of 15 paired GIST and adjacent normal tissue samples was performed using small RNA-seq approach and differentially expressed miRNAs as well as isomiRNAs were defined. Highly significantly deregulated miRNAs were selected for validation by Taq-Man low-density array in replication group of 40 paired samples. Validated miRNAs were further subjected to enrichment analysis, which revealed significantly enriched KEGG pathways in the main GIST associated pathways. Further, we used an integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA correlations for KIT and PDGFRA target genes and found a significant correlation between all of the enriched miRNAs and their target gene KIT. Results of the phenotype analysis showed miR-509-3p to be up-regulated in epithelioid and mixed cell types compared to spindle type, whereas miR-215-5p showed negative correlation with risk grade of GIST. These data reveal a detailed miRNA profile of GIST and highlight new candidates that may be important in the development of malignant disease.

Metformin-suppressed differentiation of human visceral preadipocytes: Involvement of microRNAs

Visceral adipose tissue contributes to the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Metformin has been reported to suppress lipogenesis in a murine preadipocyte cell line. However, the effect of metformin on the differentiation of human visceral adipose tissue remains unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been suggested as therapeutic targets because of their involvement in the differentiation and maturation of fatty cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether metformin suppresses the differentiation of human preadipocytes and to identify miRNAs associated with the regulation of lipid metabolism. Human visceral preadipocytes (HPrAD-vis) were preincubated in growth media and then cultured with differentiation media containing metformin for 1 or 2 weeks. Adipogenic differentiation of the cells was assessed by Oil Red O staining, and soluble adiponectin in the culture media was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell proliferation was assessed using a WST-8 assay, and the gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) was determined by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis, respectively. miRNAs were profiled using human miRNA Oligo chips after total RNA was extracted and labeled. Oil Red O staining showed that metformin suppressed the accumulation of lipid droplets in HPrAD-vis cells. The adiponectin concentration in the culture media was also decreased in metformin-treated cells. The WST-8 assay revealed no effect on proliferation or growth inhibition following metformin treatment, although metformin suppressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. miRNA profiling further revealed differences between the metformin-treated group and control HPrAD-vis cells. Thus, the findings of the present study demonstrated that metformin suppressed the differentiation of human preadipocytes in vitro and altered the miRNA profile of these cells. Thus, the miRNAs whose expression levels were altered by metformin may contribute to the observed suppression of HPrAD-vis cell differentiation.