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Xu H, Wang L, Chen H, Cai H. HDAC4 depletion ameliorates IL-13-triggered inflammatory response and mucus production in nasal epithelial cells via activation of SIRT1/NF-κB signaling. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e692. [PMID: 36301023 PMCID: PMC9601864 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Allergic rhinitis (AR) is frequently known as a chronic respiratory disease with a global high prevalence. The pivotal roles of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in multiple human diseases have been underlined by numerous studies. Nevertheless, whether HDAC4 is implicated in AR remains to be elaborated. The objective of the current study is to clarify the impacts of HDAC4 on AR. METHODS First, human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were pretreated by interleukin-13 (IL-13). HDAC4 expression in hNECs with the presence or absence of IL-13 treatment was tested by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Following, after HDAC4 was depleted, levels of histamine, Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and inflammatory factors were analyzed by ELISA assay. Then, Mucin-5AC (MUC5AC) expression was examined through RT-qPCR, western blot, and IF assay. Western blot was to analyze the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling-related proteins. After IL-13-induced hNECs were cotransfected with HDAC4 interference plasmids and SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, the functional experiments above were conducted again. RESULTS The experimental data in this study presented that HDAC4 expression was increased in IL-13-induced hNECs. Silencing of HDAC4 cut down the levels of histamine, IgE and inflammatory factors and the expression of MUC5AC. Additionally, knockdown of HDAC4 led to the activation of SIRT1/NF-κB signaling. Further, the downregulated levels of histamine, IgE and inflammatory factors and the expression of MUC5AC imposed by HDAC4 interference were all reversed by EX527. CONCLUSIONS In short, HDAC4 inhibition activated SIRT1/NF-κB signaling to mitigate inflammatory response and mucus production in IL-13-treated nasal epithelial cells in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangyu Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taizhou Central HospitalTaizhou University HospitalTaizhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lingjun Wang
- Department of General Practice, Taizhou Central HospitalTaizhou University HospitalTaizhouZhejiangChina
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Central HospitalTaizhou University HospitalTaizhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hefei Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Central HospitalTaizhou University HospitalTaizhouZhejiangChina
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Lee SN, Yoon SA, Song JM, Kim HC, Cho HJ, Choi AMK, Yoon JH. Cell-Type Specific Expression of Hyaluronan Synthases HAS2 and HAS3 Promotes Goblet Cell Hyperplasia in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:360-374. [PMID: 35679095 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0527oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifactorial airway disease characterized by basal and goblet cell hyperplasia. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of extracellular matrix and a critical contributor to tissue repair and remodeling after injury. We previously demonstrated that the intermediate progenitor cell (IPC) surface marker CD44v3 is upregulated in the basal and suprabasal layers of well-differentiated primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells after stimulation with the Th2 cytokine interleukin (IL)-4, and an antibody blocking the CD44v3-HA interaction suppressed IL-4-induced goblet cell hyperplasia. We now show that the expression of HA and two HA synthases, HAS2 and HAS3, was upregulated in both the nasal surface epithelium of subjects with AR and IL-4-stimulated HNE cells. Inhibition of HA synthesis by 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) suppressed IL-4-induced goblet cell hyperplasia. Moreover, HAS2 and HAS3 were expressed in IPCs depending on the differentiation events, as follows: the rapid, transient upregulation of HAS2 induced basal IPC proliferation and basal-to-suprabasal transition, whereas the delayed upregulation of HAS3 promoted the transition of suprabasal IPCs to a goblet cell fate. 4-MU treatment in house dust mite-induced murine AR model attenuated goblet cell metaplasia. Lastly, HA levels in nasal epithelial lining fluids from AR patients positively correlated with the levels of mediators causing allergic inflammation. These data suggest that HA produced following the sequential upregulation of HAS2 and HAS3 contributes to goblet cell hyperplasia in allergic airway inflammation and modulates disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Nam Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seol Ah Yoon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Ji Min Song
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyung Chul Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- Yonsei university college of medicine, otorhinolaryngology, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical College, 12295, New York, New York, United States
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of);
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De Corso E, Seccia V, Ottaviano G, Cantone E, Lucidi D, Settimi S, Di Cesare T, Galli J. Clinical Evidence of Type 2 Inflammation in Non-allergic Rhinitis with Eosinophilia Syndrome: a Systematic Review. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2022. [PMID: 35141844 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-022-01027-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) includes different subtypes, among which NAR with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES) is the most important because of severity of symptoms and the high risk of comorbidities. Its pathophysiology is still object of debate, but a crucial role of chronic eosinophilic inflammation has been recognized. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the current evidence regarding the hypothesis that NARES may be considered a type 2 inflammatory disorder. RECENT FINDINGS The definition and diagnostic criteria for NARES are not universally shared and adopted, thus generating difficulties in reproducing the results. At present, there is extreme heterogeneity in sampling methods and disagreement in the cut-off of local eosinophilic count to determine a diagnosis of NARES. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) standard was applied to identify English-language experimental and clinical articles regarding NARES. The search was performed in April 2021. Twenty-six articles were included. Our data suggest a particular heterogeneity regarding sampling and specific cut-offs adopted for diagnosis of NARES and consensus should be reached. We suggest that eosinophil count should be reported as an absolute value for at least 10 observed rich fields in order to increase the level of standardization. Consensus among authors on this topic should be reached with particular attention to the cut-off for diagnosis. In the future, this limitation may be overcome by the identification of repeatable biomarkers to refine diagnosis and prognosis of NARES. Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that NARES have numerous similarities with clinical features of the most common type 2 diseases such as eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): late onset, association with type 2 comorbidities, selective eosinophilic tissue infiltration, remarkable response to oral and intranasal corticosteroids, and progression in a type 2 CRSwNP.
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Huang J, Chen X, Xie A. Formononetin ameliorates IL‑13‑induced inflammation and mucus formation in human nasal epithelial cells by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:832. [PMID: 34590155 PMCID: PMC8503736 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Formononetin has proven to be anti‑inflammatory and able to alleviate symptoms of certain allergic diseases. The present study aimed to determine and elucidate the potential effects of formononetin in allergic rhinitis. JME/CF15 cells were pretreated with formononetin at different doses, followed by stimulation with IL‑13. Cell Counting Kit‑8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of formononetin. The expression levels of inflammation‑related proteins, histamine, IgE, TNF‑α, IL‑1β, IL‑6, granulocyte‑macrophage colony‑stimulating factor and eotaxin in IL‑13‑stimulated JME/CF15 cells were detected using ELISAs. The expression levels of phosphorylated‑NF‑κB p65, NF‑κB p65 and cyclooxygenase‑2 (Cox‑2) were analyzed using western blotting. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to measure the levels of mucin 5AC oligomeric mucus/gel‑forming. Expression levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and nuclear erythroid factor 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins were also measured using western blotting. The results of the present study revealed that formononetin exerted no cytotoxic effect on the viability of JME/CF15 cells. Following stimulation of JME/CF15 cells with IL‑13, formononetin suppressed the upregulated expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. IL‑13‑induced formation of mucus was also attenuated by formononetin treatment. Furthermore, it was found that the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway was activated in formononetin‑treated JME/CF15 cells, whereas treatment with the SIRT1 inhibitor, EX527, reversed the effects of formononetin on IL‑13‑induced inflammation and mucus formation in JME/CF15 cells. In conclusion, the findings of the current study indicated that formononetin may activate the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting IL‑13‑induced inflammation and mucus formation in JME/CF15 cells. These results suggested that formononetin may represent a promising agent for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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Sobkowiak P, Narożna B, Wojsyk-Banaszak I, Bręborowicz A, Szczepankiewicz A. Expression of proteins associated with airway fibrosis differs between children with allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:2058738421990493. [PMID: 33626956 PMCID: PMC7922620 DOI: 10.1177/2058738421990493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma (AA) exhibit similar inflammatory
response in the airways. However, the remodelling is more extensive in the lower
airways, suggesting that the inflammation itself is not sufficient for allergic
phenotype. We aimed to analyse whether the expression of selected 27
inflammatory and fibrosis-related proteins may be altered in AR and AA in the
paediatric population and whether the expression pattern is either similar (due
to the inflammation) or disease-specific (due to the remodelling). We analysed
80 paediatric subjects: 39 with AA, 21 with AR and 20 healthy children. The
diagnosis of AR and AA was based on clinical manifestation, lung function,
positive skin prick tests and increased immunoglobulin E levels. Serum levels of
selected inflammatory proteins were measured with custom Magnetic Luminex Assay.
Statistical analysis was performed in Statistica v.13. CCL2/MCP1, GM-CSF, gp130
and periostin concentrations were significantly lower, whereas IL-5 levels were
higher in AA compared to the control group. CD-40L, CHI3L1/YKL-40, EGF, GM-CSF
and periostin levels were significantly decreased in patients with AR than in
the control group. Comparison of AA and AR patients revealed significant changes
in CHI3L1/YKL-40 (P = 0.021), IL-5
(P = 0.036), periostin (P = 0.013) and VEGFα
(P = 0.046). Significantly altered proteins were good
predictors to distinguish between AA and AR (P < 0.001, OR
46.00, accuracy 88.57%). Our results suggest that the expression of four
fibrotic proteins was significantly altered between AA and AR, suggesting
possible differences in airway remodelling between upper and lower airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sobkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Narożna
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Irena Wojsyk-Banaszak
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Bręborowicz
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szczepankiewicz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is a heterogeneous nasal disease with high global prevalence. NAR can be subclassified as nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), vasomotor rhinitis (VMR), and local allergic rhinitis (LAR). Although the precise factors involved in the etiology of NAR are not clear, there is evidence that immunological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NAR. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunological and neurogenic mechanisms involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAR. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the immunological basis of diagnostic and treatment strategies for NARES, VMR, and LAR. In particular, recently documented molecular and immunological mechanisms of NAR are discussed, which may help to better understand the mechanisms underlying the pathologies of the different endotypes of NAR. EXPERT OPINION An increasing number of studies investigating the pathogenesis of NAR suggest that the immunological mechanisms underlying the different subtypes of NAR vary greatly, and are still not fully understood to accurately diagnose these subtypes. Thus, further studies should focus on making diagnosis and treatment of NAR more precise, safe, and effective. A better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in NAR should help in the discovery of new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China.,Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China.,Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China.,Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing China.,Department of Allergy, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing China
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Feng S, Ju L, Shao Z, Grzanna M, Jia L, Liu M. Therapeutic Effect of C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 1 (CCR1) Antagonist BX471 on Allergic Rhinitis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:343-356. [PMID: 32801828 PMCID: PMC7398876 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s254717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and Design Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated inflammatory respiratory hypersensitivity characterized by elevated Th2 cytokines and infiltration of inflammatory cells to nasal tissues. BX471 is a small-molecule C-C chemokine receptor type 1 (CCR1) antagonist involved in suppression of inflammation via blocking of primary ligands. In this study, we examined the anti-inflammatory effect of BX471 on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice model. Materials and Methods Levels of OVA-specific IgE and Th1 cytokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nasal expression of proinflammatory mediators was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Nasal-cavity sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to study eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia. Relative protein levels of Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and Toll-like-receptor 2 (TLR2) were assessed by Western Blot. Percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Treg) was measured by flow cytometry. Results Mice treated with BX471 showed significantly relieved sneezing and nasal-rubbing behaviors. The expression of nasal proinflammatory factors was significantly downregulated by BX471, and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF- α) and NF-kB were suppressed. Blockade of CCR1 ligands inhibited eosinophil recruitment in nasal cavity. In addition, Treg cells population were upregulated in BX471-treated mice. Conclusion BX471 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of AR by inhibiting CCR1-mediated TNF-α production, which subsequently suppresses NF-kB activation in inflammatory cells, leading to a decrease in Th2 cytokines, IL-1β, VCAM-1, GM-CSF, RANTES, and MIP-1α expression levels, thus inhibiting eosinophil recruitment to nasal mucosa. In addition, BX-471 exhibits anti-allergic effect by increasing Treg cell population. Overall, BX471 represents a promising therapeutic strategy against AR. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/ERjzrETqVkE
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoyi Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Longzhu Ju
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, People's Republic of China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mark Grzanna
- Science Department, The John Carroll School, Bel Air, Maryland, USA
| | - Lu Jia
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi Province 030619, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150069, People's Republic of China
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Gohy S, Hupin C, Ladjemi MZ, Hox V, Pilette C. Key role of the epithelium in chronic upper airways diseases. Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 50:135-146. [PMID: 31746062 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium of the upper airways is a first-line defence against inhaled irritants, pathogens and allergens. It ensures a physical barrier provided by apical junctions and mucociliary clearance to avoid excessive activation of the immune system. The epithelium also forms a chemical and immunological barrier, extensively equipped to protect the airways against external aggressions before the adaptive immune system is required. Under normal circumstances, the epithelium is capable of recovering rapidly after damage. This manuscript reviews these main properties of the upper airway epithelium as well as its reported impairments in chronic inflammatory diseases. The knowledge on normal epithelial functions and their dysregulation in upper airway diseases should help to design new epithelial-targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Gohy
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cloé Hupin
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maha Zohra Ladjemi
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Hox
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Pilette
- Pole of Pneumology, ENT and Dermatology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Pneumology, Cliniques universitaires, Brussels, Belgium
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Shimizu S, Takezawa-yasuoka K, Ogawa T, Tojima I, Kouzaki H, Shimizu T. The epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor AG1478 inhibits eosinophilic inflammation in upper airways. Clin Immunol 2018; 188:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Nagata Y, Yamamoto T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Kadowaki M. Improvement of Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral Immunotherapy in Combination with Regulatory T Cell-Inducer Kakkonto in a Murine Food Allergy Model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170577. [PMID: 28107533 PMCID: PMC5249179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral immunotherapy (OIT) has been considered a promising approach for food allergies (FAs). However, the current OIT strategy is limited in terms of the long-term efficacy and safety. We have previously demonstrated that kakkonto, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, suppresses the occurrence of allergic symptoms in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced FA, which is attributed to the induction of the Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells. In this study, we established an OIT model using the FA mice with already established allergic symptoms and determined whether kakkonto could improve the efficacy of OIT. The OIT method consisted of initially administrating a very small amount of OVA and slowly increasing the amount. Allergic symptoms decreased in the OIT-treated FA mice. OIT significantly downregulated Th2 immune response-related gene expression in the FA mouse colon, and decreased the level of mouse mast cell protease-1, a marker of mast cell degranulation in the FA mouse plasma. Moreover, the concomitant use of kakkonto significantly enhanced the effectiveness of OIT on the allergic symptoms, and the combination therapy further suppressed the Th2 immune responses and the mast cell degranulation. In addition, OIT significantly increased the population of Foxp3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells in the FA mouse colon, and this population was further increased by OIT in combination with kakkonto. Furthermore, the combined therapy with kakkonto reduced the expression of RA-degrading enzyme CYP26B1 mRNA in the FA mouse colon. These findings indicated that the combination of OIT with kakkonto represents a promising approach for FA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Nagata
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Michie Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shusaku Hayashi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kadowaki
- Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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