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Marcantonio E, Curti C. Shaping Chirality via Stereoselective, Organocatalytic [4+2] Cycloadditions involving Heterocyclic ortho-Quinodimethanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304001. [PMID: 38235930 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic compounds bearing a complex heterocyclic core such as an aromatic heterocycle "fused" with one or more functionalized rings, are widespread leading molecules in the domain of synthetic organic chemistry and pharmaceuticals. Although many synthetic methodologies have been devised to access achiral, fused heteroaromatic scaffolds, or related chiral variants adorned with out-of-cycle stereogenic elements, equally efficient strategies to afford chiral heterocycles featuring in-cycle stereocenters, exist to a lesser extent and presently represent a growing field of investigation. The mild, organocatalytic generation of elusive ortho-quinodimethane intermediates (oQDMs), derived from suitable heteroaromatic carbonyl- or carbonyl-like pronucleophiles has recently proved successful in the synthesis of such peculiar chiral architectures via stereoselective [4+2] cycloadditions. This review provides an overview of the most important advances attained in this field over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantonio
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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2
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Umekubo N, Han X, Mori N, Hayashi Y. Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal Carbo [3+3] Cycloaddition Reaction of Isopropylidenemalononitrile and α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehyde. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nariyoshi Umekubo
- Tohoku Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Tohoku Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Naoki Mori
- Tohoku Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Science Faculty of Science: Tohoku Daigaku Daigakuin Rigaku Kenkyuka Rigakubu Department of Chemistry 6-3, Aramaki-AzaAobaAobaku 980-8578 Sendai JAPAN
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3
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Bhajammanavar V, Sureshbabu P, Reddy MK, Baidya M. Organocatalyzed Modular Synthesis of Polycyclic Dihydropyridines and Pyridines through Sulfamate Linchpin. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200400. [PMID: 35575143 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cascade annulation between alkylidene malononitriles and cyclic sulfamidate imines has been controlled by leveraging the sulfamate functionality under organocatalysis, which allows selective access to polycyclic and densely functionalized dihydropyridines and pyridines in high yields. The protocol is scalable and shows broad substrate scope. The products were also engaged in the preparation of tetracyclic pyridopyrimidines, showcasing the synthetic versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mahiuddin Baidya
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chemistry, IIT Madras, India, Chennai, India, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
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4
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Vinylogous and Arylogous Stereoselective Base-Promoted Phase-Transfer Catalysis. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinylogous enolate and enolate-type carbanions, generated by deprotonation of α,β-unsaturated compounds and characterized by delocalization of the negative charge over two or more carbon atoms, are extensively used in organic synthesis, enabling functionalization and C–C bond formation at remote positions. Similarly, reactions with electrophiles at benzylic and heterobenzylic position are performed through generation of arylogous and heteroarylogous enolate-type nucleophiles. Although widely exploited in metal-catalysis and organocatalysis, it is only in recent years that the vinylogy and arylogy principles have been translated fruitfully in phase-transfer catalyzed processes. This review provides an overview of the methods developed to date, involving vinylogous and (hetero)arylogous carbon nucleophiles under phase-transfer catalytic conditions, highlighting main mechanistic aspects.
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Marcantonio E, Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Cardinale L, Pelosi G, Zanardi F. Direct, Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbocycle‐Fused Uracils via [4+2] Cycloadditions: a Noncovalent Organocatalysis Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantonio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Luana Cardinale
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
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6
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Curti C, Rassu G, Lombardo M, Zambrano V, Pinna L, Battistini L, Sartori A, Pelosi G, Zanardi F. Unlocking Access to Enantiopure Fused Uracils by Chemodivergent [4+2] Cross-Cycloadditions: DFT-Supported Homo-Synergistic Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:20055-20064. [PMID: 32678935 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of chemical methods enabling the construction of carbocycle-fused uracils which embody a three-dimensional and functional-group-rich architecture is a useful tool in medicinal chemistry oriented synthesis. In this work, an unprecedented amine-catalyzed [4+2] cross-cycloaddition is documented; it involves remotely enolizable 6-methyluracil-5-carbaldehydes and β-aryl enals, and chemoselectively produces two novel bicyclic and tricyclic fused uracil chemotypes in good yields with a maximum level of enantiocontrol. In-depth mechanistic investigations and control experiments support an intriguing homo-synergistic organocatalytic approach, where the same amine organocatalyst concomitantly engages both aldehyde partners in a stepwise eliminative [4+2] cycloaddition, whose vinylogous iminium ion intermediate product may diverge-depending upon conditions-to either bicyclic targets by hydrolysis or tricyclic products by a second homo-synergistic trienamine-mediated stepwise [4+2] cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Gloria Rassu
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Li Punti Sassari, Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zambrano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Li Punti Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124, Parma, Italy
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Curti C, Rassu G, Lombardo M, Zambrano V, Pinna L, Battistini L, Sartori A, Pelosi G, Zanardi F. Unlocking Access to Enantiopure Fused Uracils by Chemodivergent [4+2] Cross‐Cycloadditions: DFT‐Supported Homo‐Synergistic Organocatalytic Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Gloria Rassu
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Traversa La Crucca 3 07100 Li Punti Sassari Italy
| | - Marco Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician” Università di Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Vincenzo Zambrano
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Traversa La Crucca 3 07100 Li Punti Sassari Italy
| | - Luigi Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia Università di Sassari Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
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Mahajan S, Slathia N, Nuthakki VK, Bharate SB, Kapoor KK. Malononitrile-activated synthesis and anti-cholinesterase activity of styrylquinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:15966-15975. [PMID: 35493659 PMCID: PMC9052867 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02816a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report a base-free malononitrile activated condensation of 3-methylquinoxaline-2(1H)-one (3MQ) 1 with aryl aldehydes 3a–3ad for synthesis of styrylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones (SQs) 4a–4ad with excellent yields. In this reaction, malononitrile activates the aldehyde via Knoevenagel condensation towards reaction with 3MQ 1 and gets liberated during the course of reaction to yield the desired SQs 4a–4ad. The SQs were evaluated for in vitro cholinesterase inhibition and 4n was found to display a mixed type of inhibition of AChE, which was supported by molecular modelling studies. This study has led to the discovery of a new chemotype for cholinesterase inhibition which might be useful in finding a remedy for Alzheimer's disease. SQs displaying anti-Alzheimer activity is serendipitous. Malononitrile as a handle to facilitate nucleophilic attack has been applied for the first time for the easy access of SQs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu Jammu-180006 India
| | - Nancy Slathia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu Jammu-180006 India
| | - Vijay K Nuthakki
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu-180001 India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Canal Road Jammu-180001 India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 India
| | - Kamal K Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jammu Jammu-180006 India
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Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Zanardi F. New Developments of the Principle of Vinylogy as Applied to π-Extended Enolate-Type Donor Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2448-2612. [PMID: 32040305 PMCID: PMC7993750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The principle of vinylogy states that the electronic effects of a functional group in a molecule are possibly transmitted to a distal position through interposed conjugated multiple bonds. As an emblematic case, the nucleophilic character of a π-extended enolate-type chain system may be relayed from the legitimate α-site to the vinylogous γ, ε, ..., ω remote carbon sites along the chain, provided that suitable HOMO-raising strategies are adopted to transform the unsaturated pronucleophilic precursors into the reactive polyenolate species. On the other hand, when "unnatural" carbonyl ipso-sites are activated as nucleophiles (umpolung), vinylogation extends the nucleophilic character to "unnatural" β, δ, ... remote sites. Merging the principle of vinylogy with activation modalities and concepts such as iminium ion/enamine organocatalysis, NHC-organocatalysis, cooperative organo/metal catalysis, bifunctional organocatalysis, dicyanoalkylidene activation, and organocascade reactions represents an impressive step forward for all vinylogous transformations. This review article celebrates this evolutionary progress, by collecting, comparing, and critically describing the achievements made over the nine year period 2010-2018, in the generation of vinylogous enolate-type donor substrates and their use in chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli
Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università
di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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10
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Fustero S, Rodenes M, Román R, Sedgwick DM, Aguado JE, Soloshonok VA, Han J, Mei H, Medio‐Simon M, Barrio P. Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama‐Mannich Reactions of Heterocyclic Siloxy Dienes with Ellman's Fluorinated Aldimines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santos Fustero
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
- Laboratorio de Moléculas OrgánicasCentro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe 46012 Valencia Spain
| | - Miriam Rodenes
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Raquel Román
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Daniel M. Sedgwick
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - José Enrique Aguado
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Vadim A. Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 20018 San Sebastian Spain
- IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for Science 48011 Bilbao Spain
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Mei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 Jiangsu People's Republic of China
| | - Mercedes Medio‐Simon
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
| | - Pablo Barrio
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Valencia 46100 Burjassot, Valencia Spain
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Sicignano M, Schettini R, Sica L, Pierri G, De Riccardis F, Izzo I, Maity B, Minenkov Y, Cavallo L, Della Sala G. Unprecedented Diastereoselective Arylogous Michael Addition of Unactivated Phthalides. Chemistry 2019; 25:7131-7141. [PMID: 30779872 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The first highly enantioselective arylogous Michael reaction (AMR) of 3-unsubstituted phthalides has been described. This phase-transfer methodology, which uses catalytic amounts of KOH/18-crown-6 catalyst in mesitylene in the presence of N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide (BSA), gives access to a broad range of 3-monosubstituted phthalides with high levels of syn diastereoselectivity and good yields, starting from 3-unsubstituted derivatives and diverse α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The reaction also applies to unactivated 3-alkyl phthalides to afford 3,3-dialkyl derivatives. A plausible mechanism has been suggested. DFT analysis of possible transition states gives a rationale of the high syn diastereoselectivity observed and its correlation with the solvent's dielectric constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sicignano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosaria Schettini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luisa Sica
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pierri
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Irene Izzo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Bholanath Maity
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia), E-mail
| | - Yury Minenkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, MIPT, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, KCC, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia), E-mail
| | - Giorgio Della Sala
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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12
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Meninno S, Mazzanti A, Lattanzi A. Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyrazolone Fused Spirocyclohexeneimines via a Vinylogous Michael/Cyclization Cascade Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meninno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I- 84084 Fisciano Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”Università di Bologna V. Risorgimento 4, I- 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Alessandra Lattanzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”Università di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I- 84084 Fisciano Italy
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