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Sandberg GS, Torres BT, Budsberg SC. Comparison of Canine Forelimb Kinematic Joint Angles Collected with 2D and 3D Models. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:139-147. [PMID: 36690024 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare a Joint Coordinate System (JCS) three-dimensional (3D) kinematic model of the canine forelimb with more widely used linear (LIN) and segmental (SEG) 2D models. STUDY DESIGN It was an in vivo biomechanical study. ANIMALS Normal adult mixed breed dogs were used in this study (n = 6). METHODS Nineteen retroreflective markers were applied to the skin of dogs' right forelimbs. Dogs were trotted and walked through the calibrated testing space. The first five good trials were used to generate sagittal plane (flexion and extension angle) waveforms from 3 different models (JCS, LIN and SEG) for the shoulder, elbow and carpal joints. The JCS model also generated transverse and frontal plane joint angular data (internal/external and abduction/adduction angles) for all three joints. Minimum, maximum and total angular displacement was calculated for each joint. Comparison of sagittal plane waveforms was performed before and after waveform alignment using statistical parametric mapping. RESULTS Each model produced similar sagittal plane waveforms, though the LIN model had a greater vertical shift along the y-axis for the shoulder and elbow. Before waveform alignment, differences were revealed between the LIN model when compared to JCS or SEG model at a trot. No differences were revealed at a walk. After waveform alignment, no differences were revealed between models at a walk or trot. There were no differences in angular displacement measurements between models before or after waveform alignment at a walk or trot. CONCLUSIONS The 3D JCS model reported in this study produced sagittal plane waveforms comparable to conventional 2D models while also providing joint specific information from other planes of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella S Sandberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
| | - Bryan T Torres
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Steven C Budsberg
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States.,Department of Comparative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
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Castilla A, Filliquist B, Spriet M, Garcia TC, Arzi B, Chou PY, Kapatkin AS. Long-Term Assessment of Bone Regeneration in Nonunion Fractures Treated with Compression-Resistant Matrix and Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2023; 36:29-38. [PMID: 35760364 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1749451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess bone density, bone architecture and clinical function of canine nonunion distal appendicular long bone fractures with a defect treated with fixation, compression-resistant matrix and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study with dogs at least 1-year post treatment. Computed tomography was performed and quantitative measurements from previous fracture sites were compared with measurements from contralateral limbs. Subjective evaluation included gait assessment and palpation. RESULTS Six patients met the inclusion criteria. The rhBMP-2 treated bone exhibited higher density at the periphery and lower density in the centre, similar to the contralateral limb. All patients were weight bearing on the treated limb and all fractures were healed. CONCLUSION The rhBMP-2-treated bone underwent restoration of normal architecture and density. Acceptable limb function was present in all patients. The results of this study can serve as a basis for long-term response in treating nonunion fractures in veterinary patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castilla
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Davis, University of California, California, United States
| | - Barbro Filliquist
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Mathieu Spriet
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Tanya C Garcia
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Boaz Arzi
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States.,Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Po-Yen Chou
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
| | - Amy S Kapatkin
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, United States
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Pietsch S, Steigmeier-Raith S, Reese S, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Reliability of range-of-motion measurements of healthy dogs examined while walking on a treadmill. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:897-902. [PMID: 34669498 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.11.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the reliability of range-of-motion (ROM) measurements and describe physiologic differences in ROM or habituation effects during gait analysis of healthy dogs walking on a treadmill. ANIMALS 11 orthopedically normal dogs. PROCEDURES ROM of appendicular joints was determined for each dog while walking on a treadmill on 3 consecutive examination days and once again 6 weeks later. Significant differences in ROM between examination days were determined and quantified. As a measure of reproducibility, the coefficient of variation for repeated measurements was calculated, as were the minimum differences necessary to distinguish between physiologic variation and true change in ROM. RESULTS Mean ROM of the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints varied among examination days between 29.9° and 33.1°, 49.4° and 52.8°, and 7.7° and 88.1°, respectively. Mean associated minimum differences were 12.0°, 14.1°, and 35.6°. Mean ROM of the hip, knee, and tarsal joints varied between 32.9° and 35.8°, 33.7° and 36.8°, and 31.7° and 33.5°, respectively. Mean associated minimum differences were 16.2°, 14.0°, and 9.2°. Only ROM of the elbow joint was reproducible to a small degree. Few systematic effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Measurement of ROM in healthy dogs walking on a treadmill was shown to be diagnostically unreliable owing to high variation among examination days. However, random physiologic fluctuations could be distinguished from systematic effects, demonstrating the importance of reliably applicable threshold values for follow-up treadmill examinations. The applicability of the minimum differences determined here to orthopedically diseased dogs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pietsch
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Steigmeier-Raith
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Reese
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer-Lindenberg
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction and Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
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Itoi T, Kawata S, Fukuda Y, Maejima S. Effect of a Corset on the Gait of Healthy Beagle Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092650. [PMID: 34573619 PMCID: PMC8471024 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In recent years, corsets have been used in the prevention of nerve diseases in dogs and in their rehabilitation following surgery. The Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro, made by Daiya Industry Co., Ltd., is manufactured and sold for this purpose, but no studies have yet been conducted to verify its effectiveness. To evaluate the effects of the corset, we analyzed the gait of healthy beagle dogs that were or were not wearing the Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro. We found no difference in the walking speed of the dogs, but wearing the corset reduced the horizontal sway of the back. In conclusion, this corset does not affect the gait of dogs and may help body stability. Therefore, the Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro may be useful for the treatment of dog nerve conditions. Abstract The prognosis for intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), a common neurologic disease in dogs, varies, with some cases requiring long-term rehabilitation. Corsets are used as part of the physical rehabilitation of dogs, and one of these, the Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro, is manufactured and sold by Daiya Industry Co., Ltd. This corset is used to relieve pain caused by spinal cord and vertebral diseases, and to prevent neurological conditions from worsening, by limiting spinal movement. However, the effect of the Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro on gait has not yet been clarified. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of this corset on the gait of dogs using kinematic and kinetic analyses. Five healthy beagle dogs wearing corsets were trotted, kinematic and kinetic parameters were measured using motion capture and force plates, and the results were compared to those obtained when the dogs were not wearing a corset. The range of motion of the angle formed by the 13th thoracic vertebra and the 7th lumbar vertebra at the apex of the 7th cervical vertebra was significantly reduced in the corset-wearing dogs. Thus, the Anifull Dog’s Corset Pro may improve trunk stability without affecting gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Itoi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Ehime, Japan
- Department of Comparative Animal Science, Kurashiki University of Science and the Arts, Kurashiki 712-8505, Okayama, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shuji Kawata
- Anifull, Division of Vet Supplies, Daiya Industry Co., Ltd., Okayama 701-0203, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Fukuda
- Department of R&D, Daiya Industry Co., Ltd., Okayama 701-0203, Okayama, Japan;
| | - Saori Maejima
- Animal Rehabilitation Community, Okayama 701-1332, Okayama, Japan;
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Renner C, Medl N. Multi‐ligamentous injury of the carpus with dislocation of the ulnar styloid in a dog. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Renner
- AniCura Kleintierklinik Babenhausen GmbH Babenhausen Germany
| | - Nikola Medl
- AniCura Kleintierklinik Babenhausen GmbH Babenhausen Germany
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Murakami S, Harada Y, Hara Y. Alterations in the ground reaction force of dogs during trot after immobilization of the stifle joint: An experimental study. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 83:297-303. [PMID: 33311001 PMCID: PMC7972872 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate changes in the vertical and fore-aft force generation of the
hindlimbs in dogs with stifle orthoses. Custom-made orthoses were used on the right stifle
joint. Force plate and marker data from four beagle dogs in trials without orthoses, with
fixed orthoses, and with unfixed orthoses were collected. The vertical ground reaction
force of the right side was increased with fixed orthoses and decreased with unfixed
orthoses compared to that of gait without orthoses. When compared to that of gait without
orthoses, the fore-aft ground reaction force changed with fixed orthoses but not with
unfixed orthoses. It is suggested that the level of constraint of the orthosis affected
the ground reaction force pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Murakami
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yasuji Harada
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hara
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
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Bergh A, Gómez Álvarez CB, Rhodin M, Gustås P. Head and pelvic vertical displacement in dogs with induced swinging limb lameness: an experimental study. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:81. [PMID: 30594234 PMCID: PMC6311055 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Swinging limb lameness is defined as a motion disturbance ascribed to a limb in swing phase. Little is known about its biomechanics in dogs, particularly about the body motions that accompany it, such as vertical head and pelvic motion asymmetry. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in vertical head and pelvic motion asymmetry in dogs with induced swinging limb motion disturbance, mimicking a swinging limb lameness. Fore- and hind-limb lameness was induced in ten sound dogs by placing a weight (200 g) proximal to the carpus or tarsus, respectively. Marker-based motion capture by eight infrared light emitting video cameras recorded the dogs when trotting on a treadmill. Body symmetry parameters were calculated, including differences between the two highest positions of the head (HDmax) and pelvis (PDmax) and between the two lowest positions of the head (HDmin) and pelvis (PDmin), with a value of zero indicating perfect symmetry. Results Induction of swinging forelimb lameness showed significant changes in HDmax (median and range: sound 1.3 mm [− 4.7 to 3.1], in the left side − 28.5 mm [− 61.2 to − 17.9] and in the right side 20.1 mm [− 4.4 to 47.5]) and, induction of swinging hind limb lameness showed significant changes in PDmax (sound 2.7 mm [− 7.4 to 7.2], in the left side − 10.9 mm [− 22.4 to 0.5] and in the right side 8.6 mm [− 3 to 30]), as well as an increased hip movement asymmetry (sound 1.6 mm [− 8.6 to 19.9], in the left side − 18.1 mm [− 36.7 to 5.4] and in the right side 15 mm [− 20.7 to 32.1]) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Induced swinging fore- and hind limb lameness resulted in significant increased asymmetry of the maximal vertical displacement movement of the head and pelvis, due to decreased lifting of the head in forelimb lameness and of the pelvis in hind limb lameness. The results suggest that asymmetry of the maximal vertical displacement of the head and pelvis (i.e. lifting) is a key lameness sign to evaluate during examination of swinging limb lameness.
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Lorke M, Willen M, Lucas K, Beyerbach M, Wefstaedt P, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Comparative kinematic gait analysis in young and old Beagle dogs. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:521-530. [PMID: 28385001 PMCID: PMC5746446 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related involution in dogs involves loss of muscle mass and changes in connective tissue and articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to examine whether an age-related influence on joint mobility can be detected in the absence of disease. Five young (mean age 2.0 years) and five old (mean age 10.4 years) healthy and sound Beagle dogs underwent computer-assisted gait analysis during locomotion on a treadmill. Shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle, and tarsal joint angles including joint angle progression curves, minimum and maximum joint angles, and range of motion (ROM) in degrees were analyzed. The old group had a smaller maximum joint angle (p = 0.037) and ROM (p = 0.037) of the carpal joint; there were similar tendencies in the shoulder, elbow, and carpal joints. Descriptive analysis of the progression curves revealed less flexion and extension of the forelimb joints. The results indicate restricted joint mobility of the forelimb in old dogs, primarily of the carpal joint. Results in the joints of the hindlimb were inconsistent, and the contrasting alterations may be due to a compensatory mechanism. As most alterations were found in the distal joints, these should receive particular attention when examining elderly dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Lorke
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maray Willen
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Karin Lucas
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Beyerbach
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Patrick Wefstaedt
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.,Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, D-18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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Sawyere DM, Jerram RM, Walker AM. Long-term follow-up of working dogs in New Zealand following pancarpal arthrodesis using dorsal hybrid plating. N Z Vet J 2015; 63:326-9. [PMID: 25885922 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2015.1034218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the long-term prognosis for working dogs in New Zealand following pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) utilising a dorsal hybrid plate. METHODS Owners of 14 dogs who had a PCA performed as part of a previous study conducted at two small animal veterinary surgical hospitals were contacted via phone and asked to participate in a short survey. RESULTS A phone survey was completed for seven dogs. Five of the seven dogs had returned to full work, one dog had a moderate persistent lameness that prevented returning to normal work and the remaining dog did not return to normal work for reasons unrelated to the study. Removal of the implants was required in four of seven cases at a median interval of 2 (min 0.5, max 2) years following surgery. One dog had no gait abnormality, but developed an occasional mild lameness after jumping, one dog had a constant gait abnormality with a moderate, persistent lameness, and the remaining five dogs had a constant gait abnormality with a mild, intermittent lameness. All owners contacted were very satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Working dogs undergoing a standardised surgical procedure for unilateral PCA using a hybrid carpal arthrodesis bone plate applied dorsally have a good prognosis for return to work. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Although this study has a small number of cases, this study provides subjective longer-term follow-up data than previously reported for working dogs that have undergone PCA. Owners should be warned that plate removal may be required in approximately 60% of dogs and additional expenditure should be planned for.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Sawyere
- a Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine , 205 Duck Pond Drive Room 303 (Mail Code 0442), Blacksburg , VA 24061 , USA
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Harris KP, Moores AP, Butterworth SJ, Bush MA. Three cases of accessorioulnar arthrodesis to address accessory carpal bone subluxation or fracture. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr.d4066rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. P. Harris
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists6 Forest Corner Farm, HangersleyRingwoodHampshireBH24 3JW
| | - A. P. Moores
- Anderson Sturgess Veterinary SpecialistsBunstead Barns, Poles Lane, HursleyWinchesterHampshireSO21 2LL
| | - S. J. Butterworth
- Weighbridge Referral CentreKemys Way, Swansea Enterprise ParkSwanseaSA6 8QF
| | - M. A. Bush
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists6 Forest Corner Farm, HangersleyRingwoodHampshireBH24 3JW
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Harris KP, Moores AP, Butterworth SJ, Bush MA. Three cases of accessorioulnar arthrodesis to address accessory carpal bone subluxation or fracture. Vet Rec 2011; 169:181. [PMID: 21765129 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K P Harris
- Southern Counties Veterinary Specialists, 6 Forest Corner Farm, Hangersley, Ringwood, Hampshire BH24 3JW.
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Jerram RM, Walker AM, Worth AJ, Kuipers von Lande RG. Prospective evaluation of pancarpal arthrodesis for carpal injuries in working dogs in New Zealand, using dorsal hybrid plating. N Z Vet J 2009; 57:331-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2009.60927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Gillette RL, Angle TC. Recent developments in canine locomotor analysis: a review. Vet J 2008; 178:165-76. [PMID: 18406641 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Subjective evaluation of canine gait has been used for many years. However, our ability to perceive minute details during the gait cycle can be difficult and in some respects impossible even for the most talented gait specialist. The evolution of computer technology in computer assisted gait analysis over the past 20 years has improved the ability to quantitatively define temporospatial gait characteristics. These technological advances and new developments in methodological approaches have assisted researchers and clinicians in gaining a better understanding of canine locomotion. The use of kinematic and kinetic analysis has been validated as a useful tool in veterinary medicine. This paper is an overview of the kinematic and kinetic analytical techniques of the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Gillette
- Auburn University Veterinary Sports Medicine Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, 100 McAdory Hall, Auburn University, AL 36832, USA.
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