Morawiec E, Czerwiński M, Czerwińska AB, Wiczkowski A. Semen dysbiosis—just a male problem?
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022;
12:815786. [PMID:
36176582 PMCID:
PMC9514095 DOI:
10.3389/fcimb.2022.815786]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal microflora is crucial to male fertility. Dysbiosis—disturbance of quantitative ratios of individual bacteria or appearance of pathogenic species—rarely results in symptomatic disease. Inflammation results in decreased sperm production, lower motility, or morphological changes and, in the long term, can cause ejaculatory duct obstruction, leading to infertility. Moreover, it may cause infection of the partner’s female genital tract. Dysbiosis in both partners results in fertility problems, disorders in embryo implantation, or miscarriages. In addition, chronic inflammation of the male genitourinary system may accelerate the appearance of antisperm antibodies. A comprehensive examination of seminal microflora can clarify the causes of infertility or prevent pathological conditions that affect seminal parameters. Seminal microflora as a direct impact on fertility problems as well as a decrease in the effectiveness of assisted reproduction methods, insemination, or in vitro procedures.
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