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Quang LX, Tam TT, Dang LH, Chen YC, Hung SH, Tai TT, Le Vu Hoang N, Thanh NV. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in post-COVID-19 patients in Vietnam. J Formos Med Assoc 2024; 123:357-365. [PMID: 37714767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFR) is a potentially lethal infection commonly found in immunocompromised patients. It is considered the most aggressive subtype of fungal sinusitis and can lead to severe morbidity and mortality. There was a significant increase in the incidence of AIFR in post-COVID-19 patients compared to AIFR cases before the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to describe the clinical presentation of AIFR associated with COVID-19 illness. METHODS A retrospective study included 22 patients diagnosed with AIFR with a recent COVID-19 infection. RESULTS The most frequent disease associated with AIFR was diabetes mellitus (95.5%). The mycological analysis identified infection caused by Aspergillus species in 72.7% of patients. Along with stabilizing hemodynamic parameters and controlling any comorbidities, all patients in the present study underwent combined surgical debridement followed by antifungal medications. The overall survival rate was 72.7%. The chance of developing a fatal outcome was significantly higher if meningitis presented initially (odds ratio 35.63, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of meningitis upon initial diagnosis is related to a significantly higher chance of developing a fatal outcome and should be considered, especially in AIFR patients previously treated for COVID-19 infections. Early diagnosis, early use of antifungal agents, aggressive surgical debridement, and control of comorbid conditions remain crucial in managing AIFR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Xuan Quang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam; Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Thanh Tam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Luong Huu Dang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh city, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam.
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Hung
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tran Thanh Tai
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Le Vu Hoang
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Thanh
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh city, Viet Nam
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SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) and Rhinologic Manifestation: Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081234. [PMID: 36013183 PMCID: PMC9409980 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe pneumonia of unknown etiology presented in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was isolated from the respiratory tracts of these patients. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined respiratory diseases due to SARS-CoV-2 infection as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Many researchers have reported that the nasal cavity is an important initial route for SARS-CoV-2 infection and that the spike protein of this virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on epithelial cell surfaces. Therefore, COVID-19 is thought to significantly affect nasal symptoms and various rhinological diseases. In this review, we summarize the association between COVID-19 and various rhinological diseases, such as olfactory dysfunction, rhinosinusitis, and allergic rhinitis.
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Borrelli M, Nasrollahi T, Ulloa R, Raskin J, Ference E, Tang DM. Invasive Fungal Sinusitis During Active COVID-19 Infection. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2022; 101:12S-14S. [PMID: 35770808 PMCID: PMC9247627 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This case study demonstrates a 58-year-old female who contracted COVID-19 post-vaccination presenting with severe left-sided facial pain, headaches, and dyspnea. A computed tomography was ordered and showed acute sinusitis, and upon bedside endoscopy, the patient was shown to have necrosis of the left-sided middle turbinate with no discoloration, palate necrosis, or facial changes. All samples of the necrotic tissue were reported to be invasive fungal sinusitis. The entire turbinate was resected in the operating room and ethmoid, frontal, and maxillary sinuses were healthy. Chest x-rays post-operatively showed pulmonary effusions and edema although the patient was not stable enough for a lung examination to rule out a pulmonary fungal infection. A bedside endoscopy showed no further necrosis post-operatively although a repeat endoscopy showed duskiness at the lateral attachment of the basal lamella right at the most posterior resection of the middle turbinate. The patient was placed on multiple antifungal agents. The patient remained in hypoxemic respiratory failure and septic shock while on pressors and 2 weeks following this, expired. Post-COVID-19 patients have been shown in the literature to have an increased risk of developing invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) and all IFS cases during active COVID-19 infection have had a 100% mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Borrelli
- Sinus Center of Excellence, 22494Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, 12223Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tasha Nasrollahi
- Sinus Center of Excellence, 22494Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, 12223Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,6918California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Ulloa
- Keck School of Medicine, 12223University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Raskin
- Sinus Center of Excellence, 22494Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, 12223Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,William Beaumont School of Medicine, 6918Oakland University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elisabeth Ference
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, 12223Keck Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dennis M Tang
- Sinus Center of Excellence, 22494Cedars Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Otolaryngology, 12223Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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