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Qayum K, Kar I, Sofi J, Panneerselvam H. Single- Versus Double-Layer Uterine Closure After Cesarean Section Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cureus 2021; 13:e18405. [PMID: 34729282 PMCID: PMC8555931 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cesarean section (CS) delivery is a common procedure, and its incidence is increasing globally. To compare single-layer (SL) with double-layer (DL) uterine closure techniques after cesarean section in terms of ultrasonographic findings and rate of CS complications. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs). Retrieved articles were screened, and relevant studies were included in a meta-analysis. Continuous data were pooled as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI), and dichotomous data were pooled as relative risk (RR) and 95% CI. Analysis was conducted using RevMan software (Version 5.4). Eighteen RCTs were included in our study. Pooled results favored DL uterine closure in terms of residual myometrial thickness (MD = -1.15; 95% CI -1.69, -0.60; P < 0.0001) and dysmenorrhea (RR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.02, 1.81; P = 0.04), while SL closure had shorter operation time than DL closure (MD = -2.25; 95% CI -3.29, -1.21; P < 0.00001). Both techniques had similar results in terms of uterine dehiscence or rupture (RR = 1.88; 95% CI 0.63, 5.62; P = 0.26), healing ratio (MD = -5.00; 95% CI -12.40, 2.39; P = 0.18), maternal infectious morbidity (RR = 0.94; 95% CI 0.66, 1.34; P = 0.72), hospital stay (MD = -0.12; 95% CI -0.30, 0.06; P = 0.18), and readmission rate (RR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.64, 1.40; P = 0.78). Double-layer uterine closure shows more residual myometrial thickness and lower incidence of dysmenorrhea than single-layer uterine closure of cesarean section scar. But single-layer closure has the advantage of the shorter operation time. Both methods have comparable blood loss amount, healing ratio, hospital stay duration, maternal infection risk, readmission rate, and uterine dehiscence or rupture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaif Qayum
- General Surgery, Wye Valley NHS Foundation Trust, Hereford, GBR
| | - Irfan Kar
- General Surgery, Wye Valley NHS Foundation Trust, Hereford, GBR
| | - Junaid Sofi
- General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, IND
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Kaps C, Schwickert A, Dimitrova D, Nonnenmacher A, Siedentopf JP, Henrich W, Braun T. Online survey on uterotomy closure techniques in caesarean section. J Perinat Med 2021; 49:809-817. [PMID: 34229368 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uterine closure technique in caesarean section (CS) influences the rate of late complications in subsequent pregnancies. As no common recommendation on suture techniques exists, we developed a questionnaire to determine the techniques currently used and the frequencies of late complications. METHODS The online questionnaire consisted of 13 questions and was sent to 648 obstetric hospitals (level I-IV) in Germany. Number of CS, rate of vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), the type of uterus suturing technique and the frequency of uterine dehiscences, ruptures and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) were queried. The answers were anonymous, and results were evaluated descriptively. RESULTS The response rate was 24.7%. The mean CS rate was 27.3% (±6.2), the repeat CS rate 33.2% (±18.1). After CS, 46.2% (±20.2) women delivered vaginally. To close the uterotomy, 74.4% of hospitals used single layer continuous sutures, 16.3% single layer locked sutures, 3.8% interrupted sutures, 3.1% double layer continuous sutures and 2.5% used other suture techniques. The percentages of observed uterine dehiscences did not differ significantly between the different levels of care nor did the uterotomy suture techniques. CONCLUSIONS There is no uniform suturing technique in Germany. A detailed description of suture technique in surgery reports is required to evaluate complications in subsequent pregnancies. National online surveys on obstetric topics are feasible and facilitate the discussion on the need to define a standardized uterine closure technique for CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Kaps
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwickert
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Desislava Dimitrova
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Nonnenmacher
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Siedentopf
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics and Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany.,Division of 'Experimental Obstetrics', Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
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Kaya C, Alay I, Yildiz S, Aslan O. Hysteroscopic Removal of Intrauterine-retained Suture Material Causing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2021; 10:121-123. [PMID: 34040973 PMCID: PMC8140536 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_105_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Retained intrauterine objects are rare causes of persistent vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease. Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive technique used for removing these materials. A 47-year-old female who had recurrent vaginal discharge was admitted to our emergency department with pelvic pain. Retained nonabsorbable suture material was observed during her vaginal examination. After treating with intravenous antibiotics, operative hysteroscopy was performed, and the material was removed from the lower segment of the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Kaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Alay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sukru Yildiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aslan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
In this Commentary, we explain the case for a standardized cesarean delivery surgical technique. There are three strong arguments for a standardized approach to cesarean delivery, the most common major abdominal surgery performed in the world. First, standardization within institutions improves safety, efficiency, and effectiveness in health care delivery. Second, surgical training among obstetrics and gynecology residents would become more consistent across hospitals and regions, and proficiency in performing cesarean delivery measurable. Finally, standardization would strengthen future trials of cesarean delivery technique by minimizing the potential for aspects of the surgery which are not being studied to bias results. Before 2013, more than 155 randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses or systematic reviews were published comparing various aspects of cesarean delivery surgical technique. Since 2013, an additional 216 similar studies have strengthened those recommendations and offered evidence to recommend additional cesarean delivery techniques. However, this amount of cesarean delivery technique data creates a forest for the trees problem, making it difficult for a clinician to synthesize this volume of data. In response to this difficulty, we propose a comprehensive, evidence-based and standardized approach to cesarean delivery technique.
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Seliger G, Muendane A, Chaoui K, Hiller GGR, Lautenschläger C, Costa SD, Tchirikov M. Does ultrasound-guided intervention during repeat cesarean sections improve uterine scar architecture and reduce the number of scars? A prospective controlled clinical intervention trial. J Perinat Med 2018; 46:857-866. [PMID: 29570454 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2017-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate whether intraoperative ultrasound-guided detection and resection of the uterine scar during repeat/second cesarean can reduce the number of scars and improve uterine scar architecture. Materials and methods A prospective controlled clinical intervention trial was performed with the following groups: control group 1 (CS1-G): first cesarean; control group 2 (CS2-G): second cesarean utilizing the usual procedure and intervention group (Int-G): repeat/second cesarean with intervention. Transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed 6-9 months after each cesarean. Both primary (double scarring rate) and secondary outcomes [deficiency ratio=d/(b+d)] were analyzed. The deficiency ratio describes the thinning of the remaining myometrium (d=residual myometrial thickness) over the "apparent" defect (b=scar depth). Results In total, 124 of the 156 recruited women were examined, eight were excluded from analysis. The double scarring rate decreased from 42.9% (12/28) in CS2-G to 7.1% (2/28) in the Int-G [difference: 35.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) (13.2, 54.5); P=0.002]. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant difference between CS2-G and the Int-G in the deficiency ratio adjusted for elective/primary cesareans, with thicker remaining myometrium over the scar defect in the Int-G [difference: -0.24; 95% CI (-0.34, -0.15); P<0.001]. Conclusion Ultrasound-guided resection of the uterine scar area during repeat cesareans reduces the scarring rate and improves thickness of the remaining myometrium as detected by ultrasonography 6-9 months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Seliger
- Maternity Clinic/Perinatal Treatment Center, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
| | - Anne Muendane
- Maternity Clinic/Perinatal Treatment Center, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
| | - Katharina Chaoui
- Maternity Clinic/Perinatal Treatment Center, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
| | - Grit Gesine Ruth Hiller
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
| | - Christine Lautenschläger
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
| | - Serban-Dan Costa
- Women's Clinic, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg/Faculty of Medicine, Magdeburg, ST, Germany
| | - Michael Tchirikov
- Maternity Clinic/Perinatal Treatment Center, Center of Fetal Surgery, University Hospital Halle, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg/Faculty of Medicine, Halle (Saale), ST, Germany
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Bamberg C, Hinkson L, Dudenhausen JW, Bujak V, Kalache KD, Henrich W. Longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound evaluation of cesarean scar niche incidence and depth in the first two years after single- or double-layer uterotomy closure: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2017; 96:1484-1489. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bamberg
- Department of Obstetrics; Charité-University Medical Center; Berlin Germany
| | - Larry Hinkson
- Department of Obstetrics; Charité-University Medical Center; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Verena Bujak
- Department of Obstetrics; Charité-University Medical Center; Berlin Germany
| | - Karim D. Kalache
- Department of Obstetrics; Charité-University Medical Center; Berlin Germany
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics; Charité-University Medical Center; Berlin Germany
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