Standardized MET Value Underestimates the Energy Cost of Treadmill Running in Men

Comparison of Physiological and Perceptional Responses to 5-m Forward, Forward-Backward, and Lateral Shuttle Running

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological and perceptional responses to forward, forward-backward, and lateral shuttle running.

Methods

Twenty-four eligible male subjects performed a maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) test and three directional modes (i.e., forward, forward-backward, and lateral) of 5-m shuttle running at the speed of 6 km⋅h^–1 for 5 min on separate days. Heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (VO₂) were continuously measured during the whole tests. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was inquired and recorded immediately after the test. Capillary blood samples were collected from the earlobe during the recovery to determine the peak value of blood lactate concentration ([La^–]_peak).

Results

Running directional mode had significant effects on HR (F = 72.761, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.760), %HR_max (F = 75.896, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.767), VO₂ (F = 110.320, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.827), %VO_2max (F = 108.883, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.826), [La^–]_peak (F = 55.529, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.707), and RPE (F = 26.268, P < 0.001, η²_p = 0.533). All variables were significantly different between conditions (P ≤ 0.026), with the variables highest in lateral shuttle running and lowest in forward shuttle running. The effect sizes indicated large magnitude in the differences of all variables between conditions (ES = 0.86–2.83, large) except the difference of RPE between forward and forward-backward shuttle running (ES = 0.62, moderate).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that the physiological and perceptional responses in shuttle running at the same speed depend on the directional mode, with the responses highest in lateral shuttle running, and lowest in forward shuttle running.

Effect of the use of passive body trunk exercise equipment on oxygen consumption and self-efficacy for carrying out exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes

AIMS/INTRODUCTION

Considering the difficulty in inculcating the habit of exercise among patients with type 2 diabetes, devising an easily maintained means of exercise is preferable. Passive body trunk exercise equipment (PBTE) developed for home use might solve several problems related to exercise therapy, both for patients and clinical staff involved in diabetes treatment; however, its efficacy as a therapeutic exercise device for patients with diabetes has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to measure the exercise intensity and self-efficacy of PBTE, and to determine whether PBTE is a useful tool for exercise therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The participants were 20 patients with type 2 diabetes, and the duration of exercise using the PBTE was set to 10 min. Oxygen consumption during exercise was measured, and self-efficacy for continuing to exercise using the PBTE and for walking was evaluated after completion of the study.

RESULTS

The average exercise intensity using the PBTE was 1.7 metabolic equivalents, whereas the maximum exercise intensity was an average of 2.0 metabolic equivalents; the reported self-efficacy for continuing to exercise using the PBTE was significantly higher than for walking.

CONCLUSIONS

Exercise intensity using the PBTE is similar to low-intensity walking, and thus, it might be a useful therapeutic exercise device for patients with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, it could be an effective exercise device for diabetes patients who do not have regular exercise habits, especially with reduced motor function or lower leg muscle strength.