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Beier P, Pastýříková T, Iakobson G. Preparation of SF5 Aromatics by Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Nitro(pentafluorosulfanyl)benzenes with Carbanions. J Org Chem 2011; 76:4781-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200618p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Beier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Pastýříková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - George Iakobson
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Broeders F, Defrère L, Deltent MF, Driessens F, Gilson F, Grooters L, Ikonomakos X, Limauge F, Sergeef E, Verstraeten N. Practical Syntheses of Oxindole Derivatives: Chemical Development towards 2-(5-Chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)acetamide and (S)-2-(5-Chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindol-1-yl)propionamide. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op800203p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Broeders
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Laurent Defrère
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Marie-France Deltent
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Frank Driessens
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Gilson
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Luc Grooters
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Xavier Ikonomakos
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Limauge
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Sergeef
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Natacha Verstraeten
- Chemical Process Research and Early Scale-Up, UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420 Braine-l’Alleud, Belgium
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Makosza M, Wojciechowski K. Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Heterocyclic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2004; 104:2631-66. [PMID: 15137803 DOI: 10.1021/cr020086+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mieczysław Makosza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, P.O. Box 58, 01-224 Warszawa 42, Poland.
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Gallardo I, Guirado G, Marquet J. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution for heteroatoms: an oxidative electrochemical approach. J Org Chem 2002; 67:2548-55. [PMID: 11950300 DOI: 10.1021/jo010847t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution for heteroatom through electrochemical oxidation of the intermediate sigma-complexes (Meisenheimer complexes) in simple nitroaromatic compounds is reported for the first time (NASX process). The studies have been carried out with hydride, cyanide, fluoride, methoxy, and ethanethiolate anions and n-butylamine as a nucleophile, at the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and preparative electrolysis level. The cyclic voltammetry experiments allow for detection and characterization of the sigma-complexes and they have led us to a proposal for the mechanism of the oxidation step. Furthermore, the power of the CV technique in the analysis of the reaction mixture throughout the whole chemical and electrochemical process is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iluminada Gallardo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lawrence NJ, Liddle J, Jackson D. The synthesis of benzylphosphine oxides via vicarious nucleophilic substitution and alkenes via VNS–Horner–Wittig reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b206144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Gallardo I, Guirado G, Marquet J. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen: a novel electrochemical approach to the cyanation of nitroarenes. Chemistry 2001; 7:1759-65. [PMID: 11349918 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010417)7:8<1759::aid-chem17590>3.0.co;2-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen through electrochemical oxidation of the intermediate sigma complexes (Meisenheimer complexes) in simple nitroaromatic compounds is reported for the first time. The studies have been carried out with hydride and cyanide anions as the nucleophiles using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and preparative electrolysis. The cyclic voltammetry experiments allow for the detection and characterization of the sigma complexes and led us to a proposal for the mechanism of the oxidation step. Furthermore, the power of the CV technique in the analysis of the reaction mixture throughout the whole chemical and electrochemical process is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Gallardo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Moutiers G, Pinson J, Terrier F, Goumont R. Electrochemical Oxidation ofσ-Complex-Type Intermediates in Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitutions. Chemistry 2001; 7:1712-9. [PMID: 11349912 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20010417)7:8<1712::aid-chem17120>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of sigma-adducts (1H-...7H-) derived from the addition of 2-nitropropenide ion to various nitrobenzofuroxans and nitrobenzofurazans have been oxidized electrochemically. The results show that the rearomatization of the carbocyclic ring of these adducts as well as that of a few additional 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan adducts (8 H- a-c) is associated with much higher oxidation potentials than found for the same process in the dinitro- and trinitrobenzene series. Especially high Eo values are measured for the oxidation of the 2-nitropropenide 4,6-dinitro- and 4-nitro-6-trifluoromethylsulfonylbenzofuroxan adducts 1H- and 4H- in acetonitrile: E (1H-)= 1.15 V versus SCE; Eo(4H-)=1.33V versus SCE. These values fit well with the available evidence that the chemical oxidation of these adducts requires the use of very strong oxidizing agents to proceed efficiently. The mechanism for the oxidation process has been established. It is shown to involve transfer of two electrons and liberation of one proton per sigma-complex precursor with no evidence whatsoever for the intermediacy of radical anionic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moutiers
- SIRCOB, UPRES-A CNRS 8086, Université de Versailles, Bâtiment Lavoisier, France.
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Bushell SM, Paul Crump J, Lawrence NJ, Pineau G. The synthesis of (±)-aminoglutethimide via vicarious nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen. Tetrahedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10436-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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M??kosza M, Wojciechowski K. Application of Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution in Organic Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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