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Mendoza-Martínez GD, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Roque-Jiménez JA, Gloria-Trujillo A, Martínez-García JA, Sánchez-López N, Hernández-García PA, Lee-Rangel HA. A Polyherbal Mixture with Nutraceutical Properties for Ruminants: A Meta-Analysis and Review of BioCholine Powder. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:667. [PMID: 38473052 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BioCholine Powder is a polyherbal feed additive composed of Achyrantes aspera, Trachyspermum ammi, Azadirachta indica, and Citrullus colocynthis. The objective of this study was to analyze published results that support the hypothesis that the polyherbal product BioCholine Powder has rumen bypass choline metabolites through a meta-analysis and effect size analysis (ES). Using Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and university dissertation databases, a systematic search was conducted for experiments published in scientific documents that evaluated the effects of BioCholine supplementation on the variables of interest. The analyzed data were extracted from twenty-one publications (fifteen scientific articles, three abstracts, and three graduate dissertations available in institutional libraries). The studies included lamb growing-finishing, lactating ewes and goats, calves, and dairy cows. The effects of BioCholine were analyzed using random effects statistical models to compare the weighted mean difference (WMD) between BioCholine-supplemented ruminants and controls (no BioCholine). Heterogeneity was explored, and three subgroup analyses were performed for doses [(4 (or 5 g/d), 8 (10 g/d)], supplementation in gestating and lactating ewes (pre- and postpartum supplementation), and blood metabolites by species and physiological state (lactating goats, calves, lambs, ewes). Supplementation with BioCholine in sheep increased the average daily lamb gain (p < 0.05), final body weight (p < 0.01), and daily milk yield (p < 0.05) without effects on intake or feed conversion. Milk yield was improved in small ruminants with BioCholine prepartum supplementation (p < 0.10). BioCholine supplementation decreased blood urea (p < 0.01) and increased levels of the liver enzymes alanine transaminase (ALT; p < 0.10) and albumin (p < 0.001). BioCholine doses over 8 g/d increased blood glucose, albumin (p < 0.10), cholesterol, total protein, and globulin (p < 0.05). The ES values of BioCholine in retained energy over the control in growing lambs were +7.15% NEm (p < 0.10) and +9.25% NEg (p < 0.10). In conclusion, adding BioCholine Powder to domestic ruminants' diets improves productive performance, blood metabolite indicators of protein metabolism, and liver health, showing its nutraceutical properties where phosphatidylcholine prevails as an alternative that can meet the choline requirements in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán David Mendoza-Martínez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | | | - José Alejandro Roque-Jiménez
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ejido Nuevo León, Mexicali 21705, Mexico
| | - Adrián Gloria-Trujillo
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Martínez-García
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Nallely Sánchez-López
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Aaron Lee-Rangel
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Centro de Biociencias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Soledad de Graciano Sánchez 78000, Mexico
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2
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Kruglova MP, Ivanov AV, Fedoseev AN, Virus ED, Stupin VA, Parfenov VA, Titova SA, Lazareva PI, Kubatiev AA, Silina EV. The Diagnostic and Prognostic Roles Played by Homocysteine and Other Aminothiols in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5653. [PMID: 37685718 PMCID: PMC10488590 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12175653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined standard clinical and laboratory biochemical parameters, as well as the levels of aminothiols in the blood and urine (homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH)) via capillary electrophoresis in patients with CKD at stages II-V. Patient outcomes were assessed after five years. To complete forecasting, correlation and ROC analysis were performed. It was found that the levels of Cys and Hcy in blood plasma were earlier markers of CKD starting from stage II, while the levels of SAM and SAM/SAH in urine made it possible to differentiate between CKD at stages II and III. Blood plasma Hcy and urinary SAM and SAM/SAH correlated with mortality, but plasma Hcy concentrations were more significant. Thus, plasma Hcy, urine SAM, and SAM/SAH can be considered to be potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrovna Kruglova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.K.); (V.A.P.); (S.A.T.); (P.I.L.)
| | - Alexander Vladimirovich Ivanov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.I.); (E.D.V.); (A.A.K.)
| | | | - Edward Danielevich Virus
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.I.); (E.D.V.); (A.A.K.)
| | | | - Vladimir Anatolyevich Parfenov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.K.); (V.A.P.); (S.A.T.); (P.I.L.)
| | - Svetlana Andreevna Titova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.K.); (V.A.P.); (S.A.T.); (P.I.L.)
| | - Polina Igorevna Lazareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.K.); (V.A.P.); (S.A.T.); (P.I.L.)
| | - Aslan Amirkhanovich Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Baltiyskaya St., 8, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.I.); (E.D.V.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Silina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.P.K.); (V.A.P.); (S.A.T.); (P.I.L.)
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3
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Washington J, Ritch R, Liu Y. Homocysteine and Glaucoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10790. [PMID: 37445966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a non-proteinogenic amino acid, may lead to a host of manifestations across the biological systems, particularly the nervous system. Defects in Hcy metabolism have been associated with many neurodegenerative diseases including glaucoma, i.e., the leading cause of blindness. However, the pathophysiology of elevated Hcy and its eligibility as a risk factor for glaucoma remain unclear. We aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the relationship between elevated Hcy levels and glaucoma. Through a systemic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we found that elevated Hcy might play an important role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Further research will be necessary to help clarify the specific contribution of elevated Hcy in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. A discovery and conceptual understanding of Hcy-associated glaucoma could be the keys to providing better therapeutic treatment, if not prophylactic treatment, for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Washington
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert Ritch
- New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Yutao Liu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- James & Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, 4 Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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4
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Kim JE, Nam H, Park JI, Cho H, Lee J, Kim HE, Kim DK, Joo KW, Kim YS, Kim BS, Park S, Lee H. Gut Microbial Genes and Metabolism for Methionine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Diabetic Nephropathy. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0234422. [PMID: 36877076 PMCID: PMC10100834 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02344-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus nephropathy (DMN) is a serious complication of diabetes and a major health concern. Although the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) leading to DMN is uncertain, recent evidence suggests the involvement of the gut microbiome. This study aimed to determine the relationships among gut microbial species, genes, and metabolites in DMN through an integrated clinical, taxonomic, genomic, and metabolomic analysis. Whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing and nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic analyses were performed on stool samples from 15 patients with DMN and 22 healthy controls. Six bacterial species were identified to be significantly elevated in the DMN patients after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Multivariate analysis found 216 microbial genes and 6 metabolites (higher valine, isoleucine, methionine, valerate, and phenylacetate levels in the DMN group and higher acetate levels in the control group) that were differentially present between the DMN and control groups. Integrated analysis of all of these parameters and clinical data using the random-forest model showed that methionine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) were among the most significant features, next to the eGFR and proteinuria, in differentiating the DMN group from the control group. Metabolic pathway gene analysis of BCAAs and methionine also revealed that many genes involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites were elevated in the six species that were more abundant in the DMN group. The suggested correlation among taxonomic, genetic, and metabolic features of the gut microbiome would expand our understanding of gut microbial involvement in the pathogenesis of DMN and may provide potential therapeutic targets for DMN. IMPORTANCE Whole metagenomic sequencing uncovered specific members of the gut microbiota associated with DMN. The gene families derived from the discovered species are involved in the metabolic pathways of methionine and branched-chain amino acids. Metabolomic analysis using stool samples showed increased methionine and branched-chain amino acids in DMN. These integrative omics results provide evidence of the gut microbiota-associated pathophysiology of DMN, which can be further studied for disease-modulating effects via prebiotics or probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoonsik Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji In Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Hyunjeong Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsan, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Eun Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multidisciplinary Genome Institute, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sunghyouk Park
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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5
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Fu L, Wang Y, Hu YQ. Association between homocysteine and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Mendelian randomisation study. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e13895. [PMID: 36305497 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many observational studies explore the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whereas the causality of this association remains uncertain, especially in European populations. We performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study to elucidate the causal association between Hcy and NAFLD. Furthermore, we explored the relationship of Hcy with liver enzymes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomisation study was conducted. Summary statistics for Hcy were obtained from a genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analysis comprising 44,147 subjects. Summary-level data for NAFLD were acquired from a GWAS meta-analysis of 8434 cases and 770,180 noncases and another GWAS meta-analysis of 1483 cases and 17,781 noncases. Summary-level data for three liver enzymes were available from the UK Biobank. RESULTS Genetic associations of Hcy concentrations with NAFLD and liver enzymes were observed. Genetically predicted higher Hcy concentrations were consistently associated with an increased NAFLD risk in two data sources. The combined odds ratio of NAFLD was 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45) per SD increase in Hcy concentrations. Genetically predicted higher Hcy concentrations showed significant association with ALP (Beta .69; 95% CI, 0.04-1.34), ALT (Beta 0.56; 95% CI, 0.15-0.97) and AST levels (Beta .57; 95% CI, 0.10-1.04). Genetic liability to NAFLD was not associated with Hcy concentrations. CONCLUSIONS This study has clinical implications as it indicates that increased Hcy concentrations increase the relevant liver enzymes and may play a role in NAFLD risk in European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Qing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Institute of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Möller M, Orrico F, Villar S, López AC, Silva N, Donzé M, Thomson L, Denicola A. Oxidants and Antioxidants in the Redox Biochemistry of Human Red Blood Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:147-168. [PMID: 36643550 PMCID: PMC9835686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are exposed to both external and internal sources of oxidants that challenge their integrity and compromise their physiological function and supply of oxygen to tissues. Autoxidation of oxyhemoglobin is the main source of endogenous RBC oxidant production, yielding superoxide radical and then hydrogen peroxide. In addition, potent oxidants from other blood cells and the surrounding endothelium can reach the RBCs. Abundant and efficient enzymatic systems and low molecular weight antioxidants prevent most of the damage to the RBCs and also position the RBCs as a sink of vascular oxidants that allow the body to maintain a healthy circulatory system. Among the antioxidant enzymes, the thiol-dependent peroxidase peroxiredoxin 2, highly abundant in RBCs, is essential to keep the redox balance. A great part of the RBC antioxidant activity is supported by an active glucose metabolism that provides reducing power in the form of NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway. There are several RBC defects and situations that generate oxidative stress conditions where the defense mechanisms are overwhelmed, and these include glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencies (favism), hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia, as well as packed RBCs for transfusion that suffer from storage lesions. These oxidative stress-associated pathologies of the RBCs underline the relevance of redox balance in these anucleated cells that lack a mechanism of DNA-inducible antioxidant response and rely on a complex and robust network of antioxidant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias
N. Möller
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Orrico
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián
F. Villar
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Ana C. López
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Nicolás Silva
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Departamento
de Medicina Transfusional, Hospital de Clínicas, Facultad de
Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Marcel Donzé
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Leonor Thomson
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
- Laboratorio
de Enzimología, Instituto de Química Biológica,
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la
República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Ana Denicola
- Laboratorio
de Fisicoquímica Biológica, Instituto de Química
Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
- Centro
de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
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7
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Syring JG, Crouse MS, Neville TL, Ward AK, Dahlen CR, Reynolds LP, Borowicz PP, McLean KJ, Neville BW, Caton JS. Concentrations of vitamin B12 and folate in maternal serum and fetal fluids, metabolite interrelationships, and hepatic transcript abundance of key folate and methionine cycle genes: the impacts of maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad139. [PMID: 37129588 PMCID: PMC10199783 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate maternal nutrition is key for proper fetal development and epigenetic programming. One-carbon metabolites (OCM), including vitamin B12, folate, choline, and methionine, play a role in epigenetic mechanisms associated with developmental programming. This study investigated the presence of B12 and folate in maternal serum, allantoic fluid (ALF), and amniotic fluid (AMF), as well as how those concentrations in all three fluids correlate to the concentrations of methionine-folate cycle intermediates in heifers receiving either a control (CON) or restricted (RES) diet for the first 50 d of gestation and fetal hepatic gene expression for methionine-folate cycle enzymes. Angus cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination with semen from a single sire, and randomly assigned to one of two nutrition treatments (CON = 20, RES = 23). Heifers were ovariohysterectomized on either day 16 (n = 14), 34 (n = 15), or 50 of gestation (n = 14), where samples of maternal serum (n = 42), ALF (n = 29), and AMF (n = 11) were collected and analyzed for concentrations of folate and B12. Concentrations of B12 and folate in ALF were greater (P < 0.05) in RES compared to CON. For ALF, folate concentrations were also greater (P < 0.01) on day 34 compared to day 50. There was a significant (P = 0.04) nutrition × fluid interaction for B12 concentrations where concentrations were greatest in restricted ALF, intermediate in control ALF, and lowest in CON and RES serum and AMF. Folate concentrations were greatest (P < 0.01) in ALF, intermediate in serum, and lowest in AMF. Additionally, positive correlations (P < 0.05) were found between ALF and AMF folate concentrations and AMF concentrations of methionine, serine, and glycine. Negative correlations (P < 0.05) between AMF folate and serum homocysteine were also observed. Both positive and negative correlations (P < 0.05) depending on the fluid evaluated were found between B12 and methionine, serine, and glycine concentrations. There was a downregulation (P = 0.05) of dihydrofolate reductase and upregulation (P = 0.03) of arginine methyltransferase 7 gene expression in RES fetal liver samples compared with CON fetal liver on day 50. Combined, these data show restricted maternal nutrition results in increased B12 and folate concentrations present in fetal fluids, and increased expression of genes for enzymes within one-carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Syring
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Matthew S Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Tammi L Neville
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Alison K Ward
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Lawrence P Reynolds
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Pawel P Borowicz
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kyle J McLean
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bryan W Neville
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Joel S Caton
- Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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8
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Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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9
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Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 68:1585-1604. [PMID: 36261672 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis has an unknown cause and genetic associations that are not disease-specific or always present. Clarification of its missing causality and heritability could improve prevention and management strategies. AIMS Describe the key epigenetic and genetic mechanisms that could account for missing causality and heritability in autoimmune hepatitis; indicate the prospects of these mechanisms as pivotal factors; and encourage investigations of their pathogenic role and therapeutic potential. METHODS English abstracts were identified in PubMed using multiple key search phases. Several hundred abstracts and 210 full-length articles were reviewed. RESULTS Environmental induction of epigenetic changes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing causality of autoimmune hepatitis. Environmental factors (diet, toxic exposures) can alter chromatin structure and the production of micro-ribonucleic acids that affect gene expression. Epistatic interaction between unsuspected genes is the prime candidate for explaining the missing heritability. The non-additive, interactive effects of multiple genes could enhance their impact on the propensity and phenotype of autoimmune hepatitis. Transgenerational inheritance of acquired epigenetic marks constitutes another mechanism of transmitting parental adaptations that could affect susceptibility. Management strategies could range from lifestyle adjustments and nutritional supplements to precision editing of the epigenetic landscape. CONCLUSIONS Autoimmune hepatitis has a missing causality that might be explained by epigenetic changes induced by environmental factors and a missing heritability that might reflect epistatic gene interactions or transgenerational transmission of acquired epigenetic marks. These unassessed or under-evaluated areas warrant investigation.
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10
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Rodrigues LA, Panisson JC, Van Kessel AG, Columbus DA. Functional amino acid supplementation attenuates the negative effects of plant-based nursery diets on the response of pigs to a subsequent Salmonella Typhimurium challenge. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac267. [PMID: 35976068 PMCID: PMC9584161 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional amino acids (FAA) attenuate the effects of Salmonella challenge in pigs. However, this may be affected by protein source (PS). The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of nursery dietary PS and FAA supplementation on growth performance and immune status of pigs subsequently challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). Thirty-two weanling pigs (8.7 ± 0.23 kg) were assigned to a feeding program for 31 d in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were dietary PS (plant-based [PB] vs. animal-based [AB]) and FAA profile (basal [FAA-] or supplemented [FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements]). Pigs were subsequently placed on a common grower diet and, after a 7-d adaptation, were inoculated with ST and monitored for 7 d postinoculation. Growth performance, rectal temperature, fecal score, gut health, ST shedding score, intestinal colonization and translocation, and blood parameters of acute-phase response and antioxidant balance were measured pre- and postinoculation. Data were analyzed with a 2 (AB vs. PB) × 2 (FAA- vs. FAA+) factorial arrangement of treatments and differences between means were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. Postinoculation fecal score was worse, ST shedding, cecal myeloperoxidase, and cecal and colonic ST colonization were greater in PB compared to AB pigs (P < 0.05). Translocation of ST to spleen was decreased by FAA+ (P < 0.05), regardless of dietary PS. Postinoculation, AB pigs had greater average daily gain compared to PB-FAA- (P < 0.05). Pigs fed AB-FAA- showed increased average daily feed intake compared to PB-FAA- pigs (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency was increased in AB-FAA+ compared to PB-FAA- pigs (P < 0.05). Feeding PB ingredients in nursery diets seems to increase susceptibility of pigs to Salmonella. Moreover, FAA supplementation partially attenuated the negative effects of PB diets on the response of pigs to ST challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Josiane C Panisson
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Andrew G Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon, Canada
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11
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Sohouli MH, Roshan MM, Olusola OF, Fatahi S, Omidi HR, Sharifi P, Hekmatdoost A, Kutbi E, Abu-Zaid A. Impact of Omega-3 supplementation on homocysteine levels in humans: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2013-2025. [PMID: 35843792 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although some evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation influences enzymes involved in forming homocysteine (Hcy) and improving hyperhomocysteinemia, these findings are still contradictory in humans. The aim of this systematic and meta-analysis study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplementation on Hcy using existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). DATA SYNTHESIS Available databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, were searched to find relevant RCTs up to June 2021. The effect size was expressed as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). CONCLUSION A total of 20 RCT studies with 2676 participants were included in this article. Our analyses have shown that omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced plasma Hcy levels (WMD: 1.34 μmol/L; 95% CI: 1.97 to -0.72; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. The results of subgroup analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation during the intervention <12 weeks and with a dose ≥3 gr per day causes a more significant decrease in Hcy levels than the intervention ≥12 weeks and at a dose <3 gr. In addition, omega-3 supplements appear to have more beneficial effects in individuals with high levels of normal Hcy. This meta-analysis showed that omega-3 supplementation significantly improved Hcy. However, further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassan Sohouli
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdinezhad Roshan
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olowoselu F Olusola
- Consultant Haematologist and Senior Lecturer, Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Clinical Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Omidi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Sharifi
- Pediatrics Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Emad Kutbi
- Department of Biorepository, Biomedical Research Administration, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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12
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Xiao J, You Y, Chen X, Tang Y, Chen Y, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ling W. Higher S-adenosylhomocysteine and lower ratio of S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine were more closely associated with increased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis than homocysteine. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918698. [PMID: 36034911 PMCID: PMC9399787 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the relationship of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in the Chinese population. Methods A total of 2,991 participants aged 45–75 years old were included for data analyses based on the baseline data of the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Cohort. Three core serum methionine metabolites including serum S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), and homocysteine (Hcy) were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. SA was determined by B-mode ultrasound measured carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) at the common artery and bifurcation segments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the associations of C1 metabolites of the methionine cycle with SA risk or CIMT. Results After controlling for potential cofounders and other C1 metabolites, in comparison with the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had lower risk of SA by 27.6% (OR = 0.724; 95% CI:0.563–0.93, Ptrend = 0.007) for SAM and 32.2% (OR = 0.678; 95% CI:0.538–0.855, Ptrend < 0.001) for SAM/SAH, while increased SA risk by 27.9% (OR = 1.279; 95% CI: 1.065–1.535, Ptrend < 0.001) for SAH. No significant association was observed for Hcy with SA after further adjustment of SAH and SAM. The results of multivariable linear regression showed similar findings. The highest two standardized coefficients were observed for SAH (β = 0.104 for CCA and 0.121 for BIF, P< 0.001) and SAM/SAH (β = −0.071 for CCA and −0.084 for BIF, P< 0.001). Subgroup analyses suggested more evident associations of SAH with SA were observed in participants of higher cardiovascular risk profiles. Conclusion Our cross-sectional data showed higher serum SAH, but lower SAM/SAH were independently associated with increased risk of SA among the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Xiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiran You
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuming Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Liu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Ling
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chen SM, Tang XQ. Homocysteinylation and Sulfhydration in Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1726-1735. [PMID: 34951391 PMCID: PMC9881069 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666211223125448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Homocysteine (Hcy) is an important intermediate in methionine metabolism and generation of one-carbon units, and its dysfunction is associated with many pathological states. Although Hcy is a non-protein amino acid, many studies have demonstrated protein-related homocysteine metabolism and possible mechanisms underlying homocysteinylation. Homocysteinylated proteins lose their original biological function and have a negative effect on the various disease phenotypes. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized as an important gaseous signaling molecule with mounting physiological properties. H2S modifies small molecules and proteins via sulfhydration, which is supposed to be essential in the regulation of biological functions and signal transduction in human health and disorders. This review briefly introduces Hcy and H2S, further discusses pathophysiological consequences of homocysteine modification and sulfhydryl modification, and ultimately makes a prediction that H2S might exert a protective effect on the toxicity of homocysteinylation of target protein via sulfhydration. The highlighted information here yields new insights into the role of protein modification by Hcy and H2S in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Chen
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, 411100, Hunan, P.R. China; ,The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China; ,Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, P.R. China,Address correspondence to this author at the The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China 69 Chuanshan Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan Province, P.R. China; E-mails: ;
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14
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Albores-Mendez EM, Aguilera Hernández AD, Melo-González A, Vargas-Hernández MA, Gutierrez de la Cruz N, Vazquez-Guzman MA, Castro-Marín M, Romero-Morelos P, Winkler R. A diagnostic model for overweight and obesity from untargeted urine metabolomics of soldiers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13754. [PMID: 35898940 PMCID: PMC9310780 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Soldiers in active military service need optimal physical fitness for successfully carrying out their operations. Therefore, their health status is regularly checked by army doctors. These inspections include physical parameters such as the body-mass index (BMI), functional tests, and biochemical studies. If a medical exam reveals an individual's excess weight, further examinations are made, and corrective actions for weight lowering are initiated. The collection of urine is non-invasive and therefore attractive for frequent metabolic screening. We compared the chemical profiles of urinary samples of 146 normal weight, excess weight, and obese soldiers of the Mexican Army, using untargeted metabolomics with liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-MS). In combination with data mining, statistical and metabolic pathway analyses suggest increased S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) levels and changes of amino acid metabolites as important variables for overfeeding. We will use these potential biomarkers for the ongoing metabolic monitoring of soldiers in active service. In addition, after validation of our results, we will develop biochemical screening tests that are also suitable for civil applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Exsal M. Albores-Mendez
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexis D. Aguilera Hernández
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Melo-González
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco A. Vargas-Hernández
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Neptalí Gutierrez de la Cruz
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Vazquez-Guzman
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, Campus Norte, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melchor Castro-Marín
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Romero-Morelos
- Escuela Militar de Graduados de Sanidad, Universidad del Ejército y Fuerza Aérea Mexicanos, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico,Universidad Estatal del Valle de Ecatepec, Ecatepec, Mexico
| | - Robert Winkler
- UGA-Langebio, CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico,Biotechnology and Biochemistry, CINVESTAV Unidad Irapuato, Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
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15
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Bandyopadhyay P, Pramanick I, Biswas R, PS S, Sreedharan S, Singh S, Rajmani RS, Laxman S, Dutta S, Singh A. S-Adenosylmethionine-responsive cystathionine β-synthase modulates sulfur metabolism and redox balance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0097. [PMID: 35749503 PMCID: PMC9232105 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Methionine and cysteine metabolisms are important for the survival and pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The transsulfuration pathway converts methionine to cysteine and represents an important link between antioxidant and methylation metabolism in diverse organisms. Using a combination of biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy, we characterized the first enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway, cystathionine β-synthase (MtbCbs) in Mtb. We demonstrated that MtbCbs is a heme-less, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-containing enzyme, allosterically activated by S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The atomic model of MtbCbs in its native and SAM-bound conformations revealed a unique mode of SAM-dependent allosteric activation. Further, SAM stabilized MtbCbs by sterically occluding proteasomal degradation, which was crucial for supporting methionine and redox metabolism in Mtb. Genetic deficiency of MtbCbs reduced Mtb survival upon homocysteine overload in vitro, inside macrophages, and in mice coinfected with HIV. Thus, the MtbCbs-SAM axis constitutes an important mechanism of coordinating sulfur metabolism in Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Ishika Pramanick
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Rupam Biswas
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sabarinath PS
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Sreesa Sreedharan
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Shalini Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sunil Laxman
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Somnath Dutta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
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16
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Liao S, Guo S, Ma R, He J, Yan Y, Zhang X, Wang X, Cao B, Guo H. Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Hum Genet 2022; 86:278-289. [PMID: 35394066 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene C677T has been linked to H-type hypertension. But the conclusion remained controversial. To elucidate this issue, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to analyze the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS The English and Chinese databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies until November 2020. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 software were used for meta-analysis. The odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to assess the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension. RESULTS A total of 14 studies involving 1769 cases and 1443 controls were included. The meta-analysis results showed the association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and H-type hypertension with the homozygous codominant model (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 1.94-5.60), heterozygous codominant model (OR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.53-3.58), dominant model (OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.33-2.41), recessive model (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.73-4.21),and the allelic model (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.41-2.35). All p-values were less than 0.05. Therefore, MTHFR C677T polymorphism has a positive correlation with the risk of H-type hypertension. Among them, TT mutation has the greatest impact on the activity of this enzyme, which causes Hcy to rise and leads to H-type hypertension. CONCLUSION In summary, our results provide sufficient data to support the hypothesis that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism is related to H-type hypertension susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Liao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yizhong Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Boyu Cao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
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17
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Ampomah PB, Cai B, Sukka SR, Gerlach BD, Yurdagul A, Wang X, Kuriakose G, Darville LNF, Sun Y, Sidoli S, Koomen JM, Tall AR, Tabas I. Macrophages use apoptotic cell-derived methionine and DNMT3A during efferocytosis to promote tissue resolution. Nat Metab 2022; 4:444-457. [PMID: 35361955 PMCID: PMC9050866 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00551-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) by macrophages, is critical for tissue resolution, with defects driving many diseases. Mechanisms of efferocytosis-mediated resolution are incompletely understood. Here, we show that AC-derived methionine regulates resolution through epigenetic repression of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphatase Dusp4. We focus on two key efferocytosis-induced pro-resolving mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and show that efferocytosis induces prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (Ptgs2/COX2), leading to PGE2 synthesis and PGE2-mediated induction of TGF-β1. ERK1/2 phosphorylation/activation by AC-activated CD36 is necessary for Ptgs2 induction, but this is insufficient owing to an ERK-DUSP4 negative feedback pathway that lowers phospho-ERK. However, subsequent AC engulfment and phagolysosomal degradation lead to Dusp4 repression, enabling enhanced p-ERK and induction of the Ptgs2-PGE2-TGF-β1 pathway. Mechanistically, AC-derived methionine is converted to S-adenosylmethionine, which is used by DNA methyltransferase-3A (DNMT3A) to methylate Dusp4. Bone-marrow DNMT3A deletion in mice blocks COX2/PGE2, TGF-β1, and resolution in sterile peritonitis, apoptosis-induced thymus injury and atherosclerosis. Knowledge of how macrophages use AC-cargo and epigenetics to induce resolution provides mechanistic insight and therapeutic options for diseases driven by impaired resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Ampomah
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Santosh R Sukka
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - George Kuriakose
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lancia N F Darville
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alan R Tall
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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18
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Maternal and neonatal one-carbon metabolites and the epigenome-wide infant response. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108938. [PMID: 35017001 PMCID: PMC8847320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal prenatal status, as encapsulated by that to which a mother is exposed through diet and environment, is a key determinant of offspring health and disease. Alterations in DNA methylation (DNAm) may be a mechanism through which suboptimal prenatal conditions confer disease risk later in life. One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is critical to both fetal development and in supplying methyl donors needed for DNAm. Plasma concentrations of one-carbon metabolites across maternal first trimester (M1), maternal term (M3), and infant cord blood (CB) at birth were tested for association with DNAm patterns in CB from the Michigan Mother and Infant Pairs (MMIP) pregnancy cohort. The Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip was used to quantitatively evaluate DNAm across the epigenome. Global and single-site DNAm and metabolite models were adjusted for infant sex, estimated cell type proportions, and batch as covariates. Change in mean metabolite concentration across pregnancy (M1 to M3) was significantly different for S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), betaine, and choline. Both M1 SAH and CB SAH were significantly associated with the global distribution of DNAm in CB, with indications of a shift toward less methylation. M3 SAH and CB SAH also displayed significant associations with locus-specific DNAm in infant CB (FDR<0.05). Our findings underscore the role of maternal one-carbon metabolites in shifting the global DNAm pattern in CB and emphasizes the need to closely evaluate how dietary status influences cellular methylation potential and ultimately offspring health.
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Crouse MS, Caton JS, Claycombe-Larson KJ, Diniz WJS, Lindholm-Perry AK, Reynolds LP, Dahlen CR, Borowicz PP, Ward AK. Epigenetic Modifier Supplementation Improves Mitochondrial Respiration and Growth Rates and Alters DNA Methylation of Bovine Embryonic Fibroblast Cells Cultured in Divergent Energy Supply. Front Genet 2022; 13:812764. [PMID: 35281844 PMCID: PMC8907857 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.812764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifiers (EM; methionine, choline, folate, and vitamin B12) are important for early embryonic development due to their roles as methyl donors or cofactors in methylation reactions. Additionally, they are essential for the synthesis of nucleotides, polyamines, redox equivalents, and energy metabolites. Despite their importance, investigation into the supplementation of EM in ruminants has been limited to one or two epigenetic modifiers. Like all biochemical pathways, one-carbon metabolism needs to be stoichiometrically balanced. Thus, we investigated the effects of supplementing four EM encompassing the methionine–folate cycle on bovine embryonic fibroblast growth, mitochondrial function, and DNA methylation. We hypothesized that EM supplemented to embryonic fibroblasts cultured in divergent glucose media would increase mitochondrial respiration and cell growth rate and alter DNA methylation as reflected by changes in the gene expression of enzymes involved in methylation reactions, thereby improving the growth parameters beyond Control treated cells. Bovine embryonic fibroblast cells were cultured in Eagle’s minimum essential medium with 1 g/L glucose (Low) or 4.5 g/L glucose (High). The control medium contained no additional OCM, whereas the treated media contained supplemented EM at 2.5, 5, and 10 times (×2.5, ×5, and ×10, respectively) the control media, except for methionine (limited to ×2). Therefore, the experimental design was a 2 (levels of glucose) × 4 (levels of EM) factorial arrangement of treatments. Cells were passaged three times in their respective treatment media before analysis for growth rate, cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiration, transcript abundance of methionine–folate cycle enzymes, and DNA methylation by reduced-representation bisulfite sequencing. Total cell growth was greatest in High ×10 and mitochondrial maximal respiration, and reserve capacity was greatest (p < 0.01) for High ×2.5 and ×10 compared with all other treatments. In Low cells, the total growth rate, mitochondrial maximal respiration, and reserve capacity increased quadratically to 2.5 and ×5 and decreased to control levels at ×10. The biological processes identified due to differential methylation included the positive regulation of GTPase activity, molecular function, protein modification processes, phosphorylation, and metabolic processes. These data are interpreted to imply that EM increased the growth rate and mitochondrial function beyond Control treated cells in both Low and High cells, which may be due to changes in the methylation of genes involved with growth and energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Crouse
- USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Matthew S. Crouse,
| | - Joel S. Caton
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | | | | | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Pawel P. Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | - Alison K. Ward
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Shamna N, Sahu NP, Sardar P, Fawole FJ, Kumar S. Changes in weight gain, digestive and metabolic enzyme activities in Labeo rohita fingerlings in response to multiple stress exposure and dietary nutraceutical. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:509. [PMID: 34626240 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A feeding trial was conducted for 4 months to study the effect of a nutraceutical conglomerate at different levels (0, 0.1, and 0.5%) on stress-exposed (high stocking density, H and feed restriction, R) Labeo rohita fingerlings. Six isonitrogenous diets with a crude protein of 35% were prepared for the different treatments, viz. THR0, THR1, THR5, TNS0, TNS1 and TNS5. Stress significantly reduced the weight gain and feeding of 0.1% nutraceutical improved it in both stress-exposed and non-exposed groups from 3 months onwards. Two-and three-month stress-exposed groups exhibited lower (p < 0.05) protease activity, while amylase activity was significantly higher in 2-month stress-exposed groups. Higher lipase activity was found in stress-exposed groups irrespective of the duration of stress. Higher serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and hepatic and muscle lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were observed in the THR0 groups; however, THR1 showed a lower activity of these enzymes. Increased malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was recorded in the 1st and 2nd months stress-exposed groups. However, THR1 group exhibited a reduced MDH and G6PDH activity compared to THR0 group in 1st and 2nd months. Hence, it can be concluded that the duration of multiple stress exposure adversely affected the digestive and metabolic enzymes activities and feeding of 0.1% nutraceutical conglomerates could restore the activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes in rohu fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeemashahul Shamna
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| | - Parimal Sardar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Femi John Fawole
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India.,Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry & Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari road, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Naseemashahul S, Sahu NP, Sardar P, Fawole FJ. Effects of nutraceutical conglomerate on growth and antioxidant status of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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When should a psychiatrist remember to test homocysteine levels? - a literature review. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2021-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Homocysteine is an endogenous sulfur amino acid, formed as a result of biochemical changes in methionine. The normal concentration of homocysteine in healthy people is within the range of 5 - 15 µmol / l, and values above 15 µmol / l are referred to as hyperhomocysteinemia. Moreover, it has been shown that the level of homocysteine may be associated with the occurrence of mental disorders. The aim of this article was to search for a relationship between the level of this amino acid and the incidence and prognosis of bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia or Alzheimer’s disease.
Material and method: For the review of the literature, available articles from the PubMed database and Google Scholar were used under the following keywords: homocysteine, depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease in the period from 1992 to 2021.
Results: The research conducted so far shows that there is a significant correlation between elevated levels of homocysteine and the above-mentioned mental disorders.
Conclusion: In order to prevent the consequences of the increased level of homocysteine, its concentration in blood serum should be monitored periodically and appropriate treatment should be implemented in case of abnormal results. It is important to educate patients about the consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia i.a. atherosclerosis, stroke, ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, neural tube defects, mental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. It should be also established a strategy to lower the level of this amino acid through lifestyle changes, as well as the supply of folic acid, vitamins B12, B6, B2, N-acetylcysteine and betaine.
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Rodrigues LA, Wellington MO, González-Vega JC, Htoo JK, Van Kessel AG, Columbus DA. A longer adaptation period to a functional amino acid-supplemented diet improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged pigs. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab146. [PMID: 33955450 PMCID: PMC8153703 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that dietary supplementation with key functional amino acids (FAA) improves growth performance and immune status of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST)-challenged pigs. It is not known if ST-challenged pigs will benefit from a longer adaptation period to FAA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different adaptation periods to diets containing FAA above requirements for growth on performance and immune response of weaned pigs subsequently challenged with ST. A total of 32 mixed-sex weanling pigs (11.6 ± 0.3 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments, being a basal amino acid (AA) profile fed throughout the experimental period (FAA-) or a functional AA profile (FAA+; Thr, Met, and Trp at 120% of requirements) fed only in the postinoculation (FAA+0), for 1 wk pre- and postinoculation (FAA+1), or throughout the experimental period (FAA+2). After a 14-d adaptation period, pigs were inoculated with ST (2.15 × 109 CFU/mL). Growth performance, body temperature, fecal score, acute-phase proteins, oxidant/antioxidant balance, score for ST shedding in feces and intestinal colonization, and fecal and digesta myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured pre- and postinoculation. Postinoculation body temperature and fecal score, serum haptoglobin, plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and fecal MPO were increased while serum albumin and plasma reduced glutathione (GSH):oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were reduced compared to pre-inoculation (P < 0.05). Average daily gain and G:F were greater in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- pigs (P < 0.05). Serum albumin was higher in FAA+2 and FAA+1 compared to FAA+0 and FAA- pigs (P < 0.05) while FAA+2 pigs had lower haptoglobin compared to FAA- (P < 0.05). Plasma SOD was increased and GSH:GSSG was decreased in FAA- pigs compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). Score for ST shedding in feces was progressively lower from d 1 to 6 regardless of treatment (P < 0.05) and was lower in FAA+2 pigs compared to FAA- and FAA+0 (P < 0.05). Counts of ST in colon digesta were higher in FAA- and FAA+0 pigs compared to FAA+2 (P < 0.05). Fecal and colonic digesta MPO were lower in FAA+2 and FAA+1 pigs compared to FAA- (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate a positive effect of a longer adaptation period to FAA-supplemented diets on performance and immune status of weaned pigs challenged with Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon,Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon,Canada
| | - Michael O Wellington
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon,Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon,Canada
| | | | - John K Htoo
- Evonik Operations GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Andrew G Van Kessel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon,Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., S7H 5N9, Saskatoon,Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 5A8, Saskatoon,Canada
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Ye B, Zhu X, Zeng Z, Ji X, Ji M. Clinical significance of serum homocysteine as a biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Pteridines 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2020-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum homocysteine (Hcy) as a biomarker for early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods
Fifty-five T2DM patients with DN and 51 T2DM patients without DN were prospectively recruited from January 2016 to May 2020 in our hospital. The serum Hcy was tested by electrochemiluminescence assay in DN and T2DM groups and compared. The diagnostic efficacy of serum Hcy as a biomarker for early diagnosis of DN was evaluated by calculating the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC).
Results
The serum levels of Hcy were 15.49 ± 5.40 and 9.23 ± 3.15 μmol/L for DN and T2DM patients, respectively, with statistical difference (t = 7.21, P < 0.001). In the DN group, the serum Hcy levels for patients with hyperfiltration, intermittent proteinuria, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and uremic were 10.99 ± 2.57, 13.90 ± 2.86, 15.38 ± 4.77, 18.98 ± 4.36 and 23.31 ± 5.22 μmol/L, respectively, which indicated that serum Hcy levels in DN were higher than those of T2DM patients and correlated with patient’s renal damage. Using the serum Hcy level as the reference, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and AUC were 84.31 (71.41–92.98)%, 74.55 (61.00–85.33)% and 0.85 (0.78–0.92)%, respectively, with the cutoff value of 12.08 between DN and T2DM. The serum Hcy also had relatively good differential diagnostic efficacy between different DN stages with high sensitivity, specificity and AUC.
Conclusion
Serum Hcy was obviously elevated in DN compared to T2MD and correlated with the renal damage severity, which can be applied as a potential serological marker for early diagnosis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ye
- Department of Endocrine, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital , Zhejiang Province 323000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangying Zhu
- Department of Endocrine, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital , Zhejiang Province 323000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifu Zeng
- Department of Endocrine, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital , Zhejiang Province 323000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Ji
- Department of Endocrine, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital , Zhejiang Province 323000 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Meixia Ji
- Department of Endocrine, 6th Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People’s Hospital , Zhejiang Province 323000 , People’s Republic of China
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Bonifácio VDB, Pereira SA, Serpa J, Vicente JB. Cysteine metabolic circuitries: druggable targets in cancer. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:862-879. [PMID: 33223534 PMCID: PMC7921671 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To enable survival in adverse conditions, cancer cells undergo global metabolic adaptations. The amino acid cysteine actively contributes to cancer metabolic remodelling on three different levels: first, in its free form, in redox control, as a component of the antioxidant glutathione or its involvement in protein s-cysteinylation, a reversible post-translational modification; second, as a substrate for the production of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which feeds the mitochondrial electron transfer chain and mediates per-sulphidation of ATPase and glycolytic enzymes, thereby stimulating cellular bioenergetics; and, finally, as a carbon source for epigenetic regulation, biomass production and energy production. This review will provide a systematic portrayal of the role of cysteine in cancer biology as a source of carbon and sulphur atoms, the pivotal role of cysteine in different metabolic pathways and the importance of H2S as an energetic substrate and signalling molecule. The different pools of cysteine in the cell and within the body, and their putative use as prognostic cancer markers will be also addressed. Finally, we will discuss the pharmacological means and potential of targeting cysteine metabolism for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco D B Bonifácio
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A Pereira
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jacinta Serpa
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG), Rua Prof Lima Basto, 1099-023, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB NOVA), Avenida da República (EAN), 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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Effects of Alzheimer-Like Pathology on Homocysteine and Homocysteic Acid Levels-An Exploratory In Vivo Kinetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020927. [PMID: 33477684 PMCID: PMC7831937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suggested potentially to contribute to a variety of pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on AD has been investigated extensively, there are scarce data on the effect of AD on hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the kinetics of homocysteine (HCys) and homocysteic acid (HCA) and effects of AD-like pathology on the endogenous levels. The mice received a B-vitamin deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by the return to a balanced control diet for another eight weeks. Serum, urine, and brain tissues of AppNL-G-F knock-in and C57BL/6J wild type mice were analyzed for HCys and HCA using LC-MS/MS methods. Hyperhomocysteinemic levels were found in wild type and knock-in mice due to the consumption of the deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by a rapid normalization of the levels after the return to control chow. Hyperhomocysteinemic AppNL-G-F mice had significantly higher HCys in all matrices, but not HCA, compared to wild type control. Higher serum concentrations were associated with elevated levels in both the brain and in urine. Our findings confirm a significant impact of AD-like pathology on hyperhomocysteinemia in the AppNL-G-F mouse model. The immediate normalization of HCys and HCA after the supply of B-vitamins strengthens the idea of a B-vitamin intervention as a potentially preventive treatment option for HCys-related disorders such as AD.
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Lu J, Weil JT, Maharjan P, Manangi MK, Cerrate S, Coon CN. The effect of feeding adequate or deficient vitamin B 6 or folic acid to breeders on methionine metabolism in 18-day-old chick embryos. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101008. [PMID: 33610900 PMCID: PMC7905477 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Three isotopic tracers ([2,3,3-2H3]-L-serine, [2H11]-L-betaine, and [1-13C]-L-methionine) were administered by amnion injection into 18-day-old chick embryos to investigate the kinetics of methionine metabolism. The embryos utilized were from eggs collected from 34-week-old Cobb 500 broiler breeders that were fed either a control diet containing folic acid (1.25 mg/kg diet) and pyridoxine HCl (5 mg/kg diet) or diets devoid of supplemental pyridoxine or folic acid. Intermediate metabolites of methionine metabolism and polyamines were analyzed in 18-day-old chick embryos. There were no differences in hepatic [2H2] methionine or [2H3] cysteine enrichments or in physiological concentrations of sulfur amino acids for chick embryos from breeders fed the control diet and embryos from breeders fed diets containing no pyridoxine or folic acid. Supplementation of B6 or folic acid did not affect the production of methionine and cysteine in chick embryos. However, breeders fed the control diet with both folic acid and pyridoxine supplementation produced embryos with a two-fold reduction of hepatic homocysteine and increased spermine compared with embryos from breeders fed diets containing no supplemental pyridoxine or folic acid (P < 0.05). Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine for embryos from breeders fed no supplemental B6 was half the concentration compared with embryos from breeders fed the control diet. Embryos from breeders fed the control diet were utilized to determine the proportion of homocysteine going through remethylation and transsulfuration and also to determine the pathway of remethylation. Sixty-five percent of the methyl groups used for homocysteine remethylation from control embryos was via the MFMT pathway. Alternatively, 61% of homocysteine from control embryos was remethylated via the MFMT and the BHMT reactions and 39% of homocysteine was catabolized to cysteine via the transsulfuration pathway. These data show that in embryos, intermediate metabolites of methionine and polyamines increase in concentration when pyridoxine levels are provided in deficient concentrations to the breeder hen. In addition, this research demonstrates that folic acid deficient embryos conserve methionine, rather than catabolize it to cysteine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lu
- Analytics & Data Science, Syngenta, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - J T Weil
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - P Maharjan
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - M K Manangi
- Research and Development, Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, MO, 63304, USA
| | - S Cerrate
- Credinser LLC, Madison, AL 35756, USA
| | - C N Coon
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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28
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Zhai Y, Wang W, Luo B, Xie Y, Du H, Wang D, Zhao X, Kang W, Shi H, Li Z. Determination of S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine in Human Urine by Ion Chromatography with Solid Phase Extraction Based on the Application of Micromolecule Ion-Pairing Agent. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1760295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhai
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongzhen Du
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weijun Kang
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengning Li
- Department of Nutrition, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
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29
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Lu J, Weil JT, Cerrate S, Coon CN. Ontogeny of hepatic methionine catabolic enzyme activities (Transmethylation and Transsulphuration) and associated physiological amino acids in E10-21 chick embryos and D1-49 broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:507-519. [PMID: 33159699 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Developmental changes in hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase, cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionase, and glycine N-methyltransferase were determined in broiler chick embryos and hatched chicks by using radiometric and spectrometric methods. Hepatic free methionine, S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine, homocysteine, cystathionine, and cysteine levels were also investigated. Results showed an increase in hepatic MAT activity from E10 to E21 during embryogenesis, suggesting greater transmethylation rates throughout the rapid embryonic growth and development period. A strong positive correlation between embryo BW and MAT activity also supports this idea. The MAT specific activity continued to increase after hatching, but there was a negative correlation between chick BW and MAT activities from D1 to D49. This may indicate different MAT isozymes exist for chick embryo hepatic tissue compared to hepatic tissue of hatched chick and growing broilers. The developmental pattern of MAT isozymes could be critical for methionine metabolism to cope with the demand imposed on the embryo, chicks, and growing broilers. Additionally, the specific activity of hepatic CBS in chick embryos was determined to be lower compared to that observed in older broilers (35 and 49 days). Since liver CBS specific activity is at the lowest point from D1-7 in young chicks, the ability to convert adequate homocysteine to cysteine through transsulphuration may be limiting for cysteine synthesis at this time. Steady-state hepatic homocysteine levels in chick embryos and chicks may be a function of the rates of homocysteine formation, remethylation, and catabolism via the transsulphuration pathway. The present study indicates young chicks from D1 to D7 may have a limited ability for adequate transsulphuration; therefore, dietary cystine may be needed for optimum performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Taylor Weil
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Craig Nelson Coon
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Moore R, Anturaniemi J, Velagapudi V, Nandania J, Barrouin-Melo SM, Hielm-Björkman A. Targeted Metabolomics With Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS) Highlights Metabolic Differences in Healthy and Atopic Staffordshire Bull Terriers Fed Two Different Diets, A Pilot Study. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:554296. [PMID: 33195525 PMCID: PMC7653775 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: While anecdotal evidence has long claimed that a raw meat-based diet (RMBD) improves the metabolic health of canines, no rigorous scientific study has clarified this issue. Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has also been linked to metabolic health, but its relation to diet remains poorly understood. This study investigates whether dietary choice is linked to metabolic health in healthy and CAD-diagnosed canines via targeted serum and urine metabolomic analysis of polar, non-ionic metabolites, as well as whether the underlying CAD condition modulates the response to nutritional intake. Materials and Methods: Serum metabolites of client-owned Staffordshire bull terriers, divided into CAD-diagnosed (n = 14) and healthy (n = 6) cohorts, were studied. Urine metabolites of a subset of the CAD-diagnosed canines (n = 8) were also studied. The canines were split into two cohorts based on diet. The first cohort were fed a commercially available high-fat, moderate-protein, low-carbohydrate RMBD (n = 11, CAD diagnosed n = 8, healthy n = 3). Those in the second cohort were fed a commercially available moderate-fat, moderate-protein, high-carbohydrate kibble diet (KD) (n = 9: CAD diagnosed n = 6, healthy n = 3). The diet intervention period lasted approximately 4.5 months (median 135 days). Statistical analyses of the serum profiles across all dogs (n = 20) and the urine profiles of the CAD-diagnosed subset (n = 8) were performed. Results and Discussion: The KD cohort was found to have higher concentrations of methionine than the RMBD cohort, both in serum (all dogs, p < 0.0001) and in urine (CAD-only cohort, p < 0.0002), as well as cystathionine and 4-pyridoxic acid. Methionine plays important roles in homocysteine metabolism, and elevated levels have been implicated in various pathologies. The CAD (n = 14) cohort dogs showed starker metabolic changes in response to diet regarding these pathways compared to the healthy (n = 6) cohort. However, there was no significant change in CAD severity as a result of either diet. Likely due to the higher meat content of the RMBD, higher concentrations of several carnitines and creatine were found in the RMBD cohort. Citrulline was found in higher concentrations in the KD cohort. Our findings provide insight into the relationship between diet and the serum and urine metabolite profiles of canines. They also suggest that neither diet significantly affected CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Moore
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jatin Nandania
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Pathology and Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechny, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8294158. [PMID: 33062147 PMCID: PMC7545470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants' organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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32
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Bin P, Zhu C, Liu S, Li Z, Ren W, Zhu G. Perspective: Methionine Restriction-Induced Longevity-A Possible Role for Inhibiting the Synthesis of Bacterial Quorum Sensing Molecules. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:773-783. [PMID: 32221578 PMCID: PMC7360445 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) extends lifespans in multiple species through mechanisms that include enhanced oxidative stress resistance and inhibition of insulin/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) signaling. Methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) are the essential precursors of bacterial quorum sensing (QS) molecules, and therefore, MR might also affect bacterial communication to prevent enteric bacterial infection as well as chronic inflammation, which contributes to lifespan prolongation. Here, we discuss the influence of MR on oxidative stress resistance and inhibition of insulin/IGF-I cell signaling and further propose a potential mechanism involving bacterial QS inhibition for lifespan extension. Unraveling the connection between MR and inhibition of QS provides new strategies for combating infectious diseases, resulting in enriched understanding of MR-induced lifespan extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congrui Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Shaojuan Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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Pan Q, Wang Y, Wang G. The Association Between Hyperhomocysteinemia and Thyroid Nodule Prevalence in an Adult Population. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 18:368-372. [PMID: 32598216 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Thyroid nodule is the most common disorder of thyroid. Metabolic syndrome was regarded as an important factor for the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Homocysteine has been shown to be related to metabolic syndrome, inflammation, and several common cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine and the prevalence of thyroid nodule. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 2040 adults in a health checkup population in Beijing Chao-yang hospital. Thyroid ultrasound data, together with anthropometric characteristics, metabolic parameters, and serum homocysteine, were recorded respectively. Results: Hyperhomocysteinemia (defined as serum homocysteine ≥15 μmol/L) was detected in 452 participants (21.91%). Thyroid nodule prevalence was significantly higher in hyperhomocysteinemia participants than in normal homocysteine participants (52.57% vs. 45.16%, P = 0.006). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age [odds ratio (OR) 1.054; P < 0.001], female gender (OR 2.242; P < 0.001), body mass index (OR 1.050; P < 0.001), and serum homocysteine level (OR 1.022; P = 0.001) were the independent risk factors for thyroid nodule. Conclusions: Subjects with hyperhomocysteinemia have significantly higher thyroid nodule prevalence. Homocysteine is an independent risk factor for thyroid nodule. It implies that individuals with hyperhomocysteinemia have higher susceptibility to thyroid nodule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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34
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Lu J, Weil J, Cerrate S, Coon C. Developmental changes in physiological amino acids and hepatic methionine remethylation enzyme activities in E10-21 chick embryos and D1-49 broilers. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1727-1737. [PMID: 32592234 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The remethylation of homocysteine to methionine is important for chick embryos to sustain the S-adenosylmethionine transmethylation reactions, which are essential for the rapid proliferation of cells. Developmental changes in hepatic 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MFMT), betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) and hepatic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) were determined in E10-21 Cobb 500 broiler chick embryos and hatched chicks from D1-49. Hepatic levels of free serine, glycine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels were also determined. Analyses showed hepatic MFMT-specific activity doubled from E10 to E12, with remaining embryo development experiencing small fluctuations in activity through E21. Hepatic MFMT doubled immediately after hatch, with peak activity occurring at D3. Afterwards, hepatic MFMT-specific activity steadily declined from D7-49. Hepatic BHMT activity was higher from E10 to E16 of embryogenesis, decreased rapidly at E17 and remained lower through E21 (p < .05). Hepatic BHMT-specific activity was also lower in chicks, with the exception of a peak in specific activity on D7. BHMT activity returned to lower levels by D21. Throughout embryogenesis, hepatic SHMT activity in chick embryos remained relatively constant except for a decrease at 13E, followed by an increase at 14E. Maximal activity of SHMT was found the first day post-hatch. Additionally, SHMT activity was significantly lower in growing chicks than that in embryos. Hepatic-free serine and glycine levels were negatively correlated with SHMT in hatched chicks. Hepatic polyamine, putrescine and spermidine shared a similar development pattern: peak level in the middle of incubation, low at late embryogenesis and lowest during the post-hatch period except an increase within one week after hatch. The sharp increase in hepatic concentrations of glycine, serine and putrescine, along with increased specific activities of MHMT, BHMT and SHMT from D1-7, suggests that methionine conservation (remethylation from homocysteine) and glycine/serine is critical for young chicks for organ growth, maturation, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordan Weil
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | | | - Craig Coon
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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35
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Zhang M, Zhang JY, Sun MQ, Lu P, Liu JX. Realgar (α-As 4S 4) Treats Myelodysplasic Syndromes through Reducing DNA Hypermethylation. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:281-288. [PMID: 32418175 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3263-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
DNA hypermethylation is an epigenetic modification that plays a critical role in the oncogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Aberrant DNA methylation represses the transcription of promotors of tumor suppressor genes, inducing gene silencing. Realgar (α-As4S4) is a traditional medicine used for the treatment of various diseases in the ancient time. Realgar was reported to have efficacy for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). It has been demonstrated that realgar could efficiently reduce DNA hypermethylation of MDS. This review discusses the mechanisms of realgar on inhibiting DNA hypermethylation of MDS, as well as the species and metabolisms of arsenic in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhang
- Education Sector, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ming-Qian Sun
- Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Medical Administration Division, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jian-Xun Liu
- Research Center, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Beijing Key Lab of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Beijing, 100091, China.
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36
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Effects of dietary amino acids in ameliorating intestinal function during enteric challenges in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Yin S, Wei J, Wei Y, Jin L, Wang L, Zhang X, Jia X, Ren A. Organochlorine pesticides exposure may disturb homocysteine metabolism in pregnant women. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 708:135146. [PMID: 31787282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has an adverse impact on maternal and fetal health, and excessive homocysteine is related to a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Biomimetic studies suggest that OCPs interfere with folate-dependent pathways, but little evidence is available from studies with human subjects. This study explored whether exposure to OCPs interferes with the metabolism of homocysteine, which is folate dependent. A total of 313 pregnant women at 12-20 weeks gestation were recruited in Shanxi province, China, from 2014 to 2015. Plasma concentrations of 20 OCPs, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Blood folate concentrations were analyzed by microbiological assay, and plasma homocysteine concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Information on demographics, lifestyle behaviors, and folic acid supplementation was collected by in-person interview. Of the women, 99% reported having taken folic acid supplements. Results of a logistic regression analysis showed that higher plasma levels of OCPs were associated with increased odds of higher plasma homocysteine after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Positive correlations were observed between plasma OCPs and plasma homocysteine concentrations: HCB (r = 0.176, p = 0.002), β-HCH (r = 0.172, p = 0.002), ρ,ρ'-DDE (r = 0.132, p = 0.020), ρ,ρ'-DDD (r = 0.161, p = 0.004), and ο,ρ'-DDT (r = 0.144, p = 0.011). Plasma concentrations of OCPs were negatively correlated with red blood cell (RBC) folate in the low-RBC-folate subgroup, but the correlations were not statistically significant. A positive correlation was observed between OCPs and homocysteine in the low-RBC-folate subgroup. These findings suggest that OCPs may disturb the folate-dependent homocysteine metabolism pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengju Yin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yihui Wei
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuejuan Zhang
- Health Education Division, Shanxi Children's Hospital/Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Taiyuan 030002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Jia
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Aiguo Ren
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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38
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Wang W, Li J, Ji P, Bian R, Xiong Y. Association between regular aerobic exercise and hyperhomocysteine in hypertensive patients. Postgrad Med 2020; 132:458-464. [PMID: 32167398 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1743114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and exercise remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the association between regular aerobic exercise and hyperhomocysteine (hHcy) in patients with hypertension. METHODS A total of 497 hypertensive patients from 7 communities of Nanjing were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All participants were asked to complete standard questionnaires by themselves. Physical and laboratory examination were performed within 1 week after enrollment. The association between regular aerobic exercise and hHcy in hypertensive patients was estimated by a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 497 patients, 210 had a regular aerobic exercise habit and 274 of them were detected with hHcy. Multivariate analysis revealed that exercisers have less risk of hHcy (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.66) as compared to non-exercisers controlling for the established and potential confounders. Intensity, frequency, and total energy expenditure of aerobic exercise were found to be independently associated with lower hHcy risk in hypertensive patients. Gender subgroup analyses showed that this inverse relationship between regular aerobic exercise and hHcy exists in both male and female groups (adjusted OR 0.41 95%CI 0.21-0.80, and adjusted OR 0.40 95%CI 0.20-0.80, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Regular aerobic exercise has a negative association with hHcy in this cross-sectional study. That suggests a hypothesis that doing aerobic exercise might decrease the risk of hHcy in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, Nanjing Medical University of Geriatrics Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University of Geriatrics Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Medical University of Geriatrics Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Rongwen Bian
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, Nanjing Medical University of Geriatrics Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqing Xiong
- Chronic Disease and Health Management Research Center, Nanjing Medical University of Geriatrics Hospital , Nanjing, China
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39
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Bagheri Hamidi A, Namazi N, Mohammad Amoli M, Amani M, Gholami M, Youssefian L, Vahidnezhad H, Abdollahimajd F, Uitto J. Association of MTHFR C677T polymorphism with elevated homocysteine level and disease development in vitiligo. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:342-350. [PMID: 32064757 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence on the association of MTHFR gene polymorphism and serum homocysteine levels with autoimmune diseases such as vitiligo has made the MTHFR gene a very interesting candidate to be evaluated in different ethnicities and populations. We aimed to evaluate the levels of serum homocysteine and vitamin B12 and their associations with MTHFR C677T polymorphism in the Iranian population. This case-control study included 104 patients with vitiligo and 100 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Serum vitamin B12 and homocysteine levels were measured by a chemiluminescence assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was used for genotyping the polymorphism. The mean serum homocysteine levels were significantly higher in cases than controls and associated with disease activity (p < .001). Furthermore, the homozygous MTHFR C677T variant genotype was associated with vitiligo development (adjusted OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.09-11.32, p = .02) and elevated homocysteine level (p < .001). There was no association between serum vitamin B12 levels and the MTHFR C677T genotype. The homozygous variant MTHFR C677T may be considered as a risk factor for both elevated homocysteine levels and the development of vitiligo in the Iranian population. Although these results are not conclusive, they could elucidate the contribution of genetic and immune-mediated inflammatory factors to the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Bagheri Hamidi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Namazi
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammad Amoli
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Amani
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute (EMRI), Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Youssefian
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology PhD Program, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hassan Vahidnezhad
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
- Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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40
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Rizzo G, Laganà AS. The Link between Homocysteine and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: Critical Appraisal and Future Directions. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020219. [PMID: 32024302 PMCID: PMC7072208 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are linked to metabolic and degenerative disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. In the last two decades, the interplay between B vitamins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids gained increasing attention. Expression control on enzymes involved in the pathway of homocysteine by polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proposed. The methylation process seems crucial for the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their distribution within the body. This review summarizes the available data in humans about the link between homocysteine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a special focus on the meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Even if the paucity of available information about the topic does not allow for definitive conclusions, a synergic action between polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins may play a key role in regulating several metabolic pathways. This element could explain a stronger action on homocysteine levels when omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are supplemented simultaneously. To date, a robust rationale of intervention to prevent metabolic diseases is lacking and could be beneficial for individual health and healthcare policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3208-976-687
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
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Whitehall JC, Greaves LC. Aberrant mitochondrial function in ageing and cancer. Biogerontology 2019; 21:445-459. [PMID: 31802313 PMCID: PMC7347693 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09853-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in mitochondrial metabolism have been described as one of the major hallmarks of both ageing cells and cancer. Age is the biggest risk factor for the development of a significant number of cancer types and this therefore raises the question of whether there is a link between age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and the advantageous changes in mitochondrial metabolism prevalent in cancer cells. A common underlying feature of both ageing and cancer cells is the presence of somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) which we postulate may drive compensatory alterations in mitochondrial metabolism that are advantageous for tumour growth. In this review, we discuss basic mitochondrial functions, mechanisms of mtDNA mutagenesis and their metabolic consequences, and review the evidence for and against a role for mtDNA mutations in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Whitehall
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Laura C Greaves
- The Medical School, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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Xu J, Clare CE, Brassington AH, Sinclair KD, Barrett DA. Comprehensive and quantitative profiling of B vitamins and related compounds in the mammalian liver. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1136:121884. [PMID: 31821966 PMCID: PMC6961113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A validated method for quantification of 13 B vitamins and four related compounds in sheep liver. Limits of detection for the majority of analytes were within the range of 0.4–3.2 pmol/g. Simple sample extraction procedure with high throughput. Successfully applied to profile 1C major forms in 266 sheep liver samples. Potential for dietary and genetic studies in metabolic health and epigenetic gene regulation.
A method for the simultaneous quantification of B vitamins and related amines in one-carbon (1C) metabolism would benefit the study of diet and genetic/epigenetic regulation of mammalian development and health. We present a validated method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of 13 B vitamers and four related 1C-pathway amine intermediates in liver using hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Frozen sheep liver samples (50 mg) were homogenized in cold 50% acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid with the addition of two isotope labelled internal standards. Hot acid hydrolysis was applied to release the protein-bound forms. The separation of 17 analytes was achieved using a pHILIC column with a total run time of 13 min. Detection was achieved in electrospray positive ionisation mode. Limits of detection for the majority of analytes were within the range of 0.4–3.2 pmol/g. The method was applied to 266 sheep liver samples and revealed that adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, pyridoxic acid, flavin adenine dinucleotide and thiamine were the major forms of the B vitamers present with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and thiamine pyrophosphate being detected at lower concentrations. Trimethylglycine and methylglycine were the predominant 1C-related amines measured. As anticipated, the B vitamin status of individuals varied considerably, reflecting dietary and genetic variation in our chosen outbred model species. This method offers a simple sample extraction procedure and provides comprehensive coverage of B vitamins coupled with good sensitivity and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Constance E Clare
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Amey H Brassington
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kevin D Sinclair
- School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - David A Barrett
- Centre for Analytical Bioscience, Division of Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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Saande CJ, Pritchard SK, Worrall DM, Snavely SE, Nass CA, Neuman JC, Luchtel RA, Dobiszewski S, Miller JW, Vailati-Riboni M, Loor JJ, Schalinske KL. Dietary Egg Protein Prevents Hyperhomocysteinemia via Upregulation of Hepatic Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase Activity in Folate-Restricted Rats. J Nutr 2019; 149:1369-1376. [PMID: 31111947 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Whole eggs contain several nutrients known to affect homocysteine regulation, including sulfur amino acids, choline, and B vitamins. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of whole eggs and egg components (i.e., egg protein and choline) with respect to 1) homocysteine balance and 2) the hepatic expression and activity of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in a folate-restricted (FR) rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 48; 6 wk of age) were randomly assigned to a casein-based diet (C; n = 12), a casein-based diet supplemented with choline (C + Cho; 1.3%, wt:wt; n = 12), an egg protein-based diet (EP; n = 12), or a whole egg-based diet (WE; n = 12). At week 2, half of the rats in each of the 4 dietary groups were provided an FR (0 g folic acid/kg) diet and half continued on the folate-sufficient (FS; 0.2 g folic acid/kg) diet for an additional 6 wk. All diets contained 20% (wt:wt) total protein. Serum homocysteine was measured by HPLC and BHMT and CBS expression and activity were evaluated using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and enzyme activity. A 2-factor ANOVA was used for statistical comparisons. RESULTS Rats fed FR-C exhibited a 53% increase in circulating homocysteine concentrations compared with rats fed FS-C (P < 0.001). In contrast, serum homocysteine did not differ between rats fed FS-C and FR-EP (P = 0.078). Hepatic BHMT activity was increased by 45% and 40% by the EP (P < 0.001) and WE (P = 0.002) diets compared with the C diets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intervention with egg protein prevented elevated circulating homocysteine concentrations in a rat model of hyperhomocysteinemia, due in part to upregulation of hepatic BHMT. These data may support the inclusion of egg protein for dietary recommendations targeting hyperhomocysteinemia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassondra J Saande
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Samantha K Pritchard
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | | | | | - Joshua C Neuman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rebecca A Luchtel
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Sarah Dobiszewski
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Joshua W Miller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mario Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Juan J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kevin L Schalinske
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition.,Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Ward NP, DeNicola GM. Sulfur metabolism and its contribution to malignancy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 347:39-103. [PMID: 31451216 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is an appreciated hallmark of cancer and a target for therapeutic intervention. Cellular metabolism involves a series of oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions that yield the energy and biomass required for tumor growth. Cells require diverse molecular species with constituent sulfur atoms to facilitate these processes. For humans, this sulfur is derived from the dietary consumption of the proteinogenic amino acids cysteine and methionine, as only lower organisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and plants) can synthesize them de novo. In addition to providing the sulfur required to sustain redox chemistry, the metabolism of these sulfur-containing amino acids yield intermediate metabolites that constitute the cellular antioxidant system, mediate inter- and intracellular signaling, and facilitate the epigenetic regulation of gene expression, all of which contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Ward
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gina M DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States.
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45
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Gundogdu G, Dodurga Y, Kucukatay V. The sulfite molecule enhances homocysteine toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4017-4025. [PMID: 31079315 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine (hcy) is an amino acid that contains sulfur species. In healthy individuals, plasma hcy levels are low. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential neurotoxic effects of hcy and sulfite (sft) molecules alone and in their combination, and also to identify the relationship of these substances on oxidative stress. SH-SY5Y cells were used as an invitro neurodegenerative disease model. The SH-SY5Y cells were treated with various concentrations of hcy alone, sft alone (final concentrations in the well were 10-250 µM and 0.1-5 mM, respectively) and a combination of both (hcy + sft). Their cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects were investigated using the XTT test and Comet assay and, their impact on oxidative stress was examined using total antioxidant-oxidant status (TAS-TOS) kits. The highest toxic doses of hcy and sft were found to be 250 μM and 5 mM, respectively, but the maximum toxic effect was observed for hcy + sft (p < 0.001). In addition, an increase in DNA damage was evident in all groups, but maximal damage was inflicted using in hcy + sft (p < 0.001). The oxidative stress index was significantly increased in hcy + sft (p < 0.05). Determining the increase in sft and hcy levels may contribute to delaying the occurrence of diseases before symptoms of neurodegenerative disease appear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Gundogdu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Yavuz Dodurga
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Vural Kucukatay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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Levy D, Reichert CO, Bydlowski SP. Paraoxonases Activities and Polymorphisms in Elderly and Old-Age Diseases: An Overview. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8050118. [PMID: 31052559 PMCID: PMC6562914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. There is much evidence linking the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of aging. With increasing age, susceptibility to the development of diseases related to lipid peroxidation and tissue injury increases, due to chronic inflammatory processes, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. The paraoxonase (PON) gene family is composed of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share considerable structural homology and are located adjacently on chromosome 7 in humans. The most studied member product is PON1, a protein associated with high-density lipoprotein with paraoxonase/esterase activity. Nevertheless, all the three proteins prevent oxidative stress. The major aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the role of PON enzymes in the aging process, and in the development of the main diseases present in the elderly: cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Levy
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cadiele Oliana Reichert
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Genetic and Molecular Hematology Laboratory (LIM31), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Center of Innovation and Translacional Medicine (CIMTRA), Department of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05419-000, SP, Brazil.
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
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Guo SX, Yao GF, Ye HR, Tang J, Huang ZQ, Yang F, Li YH, Han Z, Hu LY, Zhang H, Hu KD. Functional Characterization of a Cystathionine β-Synthase Gene in Sulfur Metabolism and Pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger in Pear Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4435-4443. [PMID: 30945533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger, which is a fungal pathogen, causes rot in a variety of fruits. In this study, the cystathionine β-synthase cbsA gene was deleted by homologous recombination to study its role in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger. The results showed that Δ cbsA strain maintained normal mycelia growth and sporulation compared with the control strain A. niger MA 70.15, whereas the contents of cysteine and glutathione (GSH) increased significantly after cbsA deletion. However, Δ cbsA strain showed reduced endogenous H2S production. Further results showed that cbsA gene deletion induced higher resistance to cadmium stress and stronger infectivity to pears. It was also found that a stronger response of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was induced in Δ cbsA mutant-infected pear compared with the control strain. In all, the present research suggested the important role of cbsA in sulfur metabolism and pathogenicity of A. niger in pear fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Xuan Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Gai-Fang Yao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Hui-Ran Ye
- School of Science , Renmin University of China , Beijing 100872 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Zhong-Qin Huang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Feng Yang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, Xuzhou 221131 , China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Zhuo Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Lan-Ying Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Functional Compound Seasoning , Anhui Qiangwang Seasoning Food Co., Ltd. , Jieshou 236500 , China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
| | - Kang-Di Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei 230009 , China
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Kohl JB, Mellis A, Schwarz G. Homeostatic impact of sulfite and hydrogen sulfide on cysteine catabolism. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:554-570. [PMID: 30088670 PMCID: PMC6346071 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine is one of the two key sulfur-containing amino acids with important functions in redox homeostasis, protein functionality and metabolism. Cysteine is taken up by mammals via their diet and can also be derived from methionine via the transsulfuration pathway. The cellular concentration of cysteine is kept within a narrow range by controlling its synthesis and degradation. There are two pathways for the catabolism of cysteine leading to sulfate, taurine and thiosulfate as terminal products. The oxidative pathway produces taurine and sulfate, while the H2 S pathway involves different enzymatic reactions leading to the formation and clearance of H2 S, an important signalling molecule in mammals, resulting in thiosulfate and sulfate. Sulfite is a common intermediate in both catabolic pathways. Sulfite is considered as cytotoxic and produces neurotoxic S-sulfonates. As a result, a deficiency in the terminal steps of cysteine or H2 S catabolism leads to severe forms of encephalopathy with the accumulation of sulfite and H2 S in the body. This review links the homeostatic regulation of both cysteine catabolic pathways to sulfite and H2 S. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Kohl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Anna‐Theresa Mellis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Guenter Schwarz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Medicine CologneUniversity of CologneCologneGermany
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Ostrakhovitch EA, Tabibzadeh S. Homocysteine and age-associated disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 49:144-164. [PMID: 30391754 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
There are numerous theories of aging, a process which still seems inevitable. Aging leads to cancer and multi-systemic disorders as well as chronic diseases. Decline in age- associated cellular functions leads to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline that affect the quality of life. Accumulation of damage, mutations, metabolic changes, failure in cellular energy production and clearance of altered proteins over the lifetime, and hyperhomocysteinemia, ultimately result in tissue degeneration. The decline in renal functions, nutritional deficiencies, deregulation of methionine cycle and deficiencies of homocysteine remethylation and transsulfuration cofactors cause elevation of homocysteine with advancing age. Abnormal accumulation of homocysteine is a risk factor of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, approximately 50% of people, aged 65 years and older develop hypertension and are at a high risk of developing cardiovascular insufficiency and incurable neurodegenerative disorders. Increasing evidence suggests inverse relation between cognitive impairment, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and renal function. Oxidative stress, inactivation of nitric oxide synthase pathway and mitochondria dysfunction associated with impaired homocysteine metabolism lead to aging tissue degeneration. In this review, we examine impact of high homocysteine levels on changes observed with aging that contribute to development and progression of age associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Ostrakhovitch
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - S Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, Irvine, CA, USA.
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50
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Homocysteine and Digestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2018; 2018:3720684. [PMID: 30662463 PMCID: PMC6312580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3720684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Homocysteine, a key component in one-carbon metabolism, is of great importance in remethylation. Many epidemiologic studies have assessed the association between homocysteine and risk of digestive tract cancer, but the results are inconsistent. Objective The objective of our meta-analysis is to assess the association between homocysteine and digestive tract cancer risk. Methods Comprehensive searches were performed on the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases up to September 25, 2018, to identify relevant studies. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the relationship between homocysteine and the risk of digestive tract cancer. Results The pooled OR of digestive tract cancer risk for patients with the highest categories of blood homocysteine levels versus the lowest categories was 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15, 1.39) with no significant heterogeneity observed (P = 0.798, I 2 = 0.0%). Moreover, the dose-response analysis revealed that each 5μmol/L increase in homocysteine increased the incidence of digestive tract cancer by 7%. Conclusion Generally, our results indicated that elevated homocysteine was associated with higher risk of digestive tract cancer. That is, homocysteine concentration may be a potential biomarker for occurrence of digestive tract cancer.
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