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Baily P, Del Castillo HP, Vinales I, Urbay JEM, Paez A, Weaver MR, Iturralde R, Estevao IL, Jankuru SR, Almeida IC, Li C, Dirk CW, Michael K. Synthesis and Photoreactivity of 7-Nitroindoline- S-thiocarbamates. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:9486-9498. [PMID: 36936343 PMCID: PMC10018502 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photolytic properties of N-acyl-7-nitroindolines make these compounds attractive as photocleavable protecting groups and "caged" compounds for the light-induced release ("uncaging") of biologically active compounds and as acylating reagents under neutral conditions. However, the synthesis of N-acyl-7-nitroindolines usually requires multiple steps, and the direct acylation of 7-nitroindolines can be quite challenging. 7-Nitroindolines with other types of N-carbonyl-containing groups may also be photoreactive and could potentially be better accessible. Here we demonstrate the short and efficient synthesis of 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline-S-thiocarbamates, a new class of photoreactive compounds, and the study of some of their photochemical and photophysical properties. Using 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline-S-ethylthiocarbamate as a model compound, we show that it can undergo one-photon and two-photon photolysis at 350 and 710 nm, respectively. Our experimental data and quantum chemistry calculations support a photolysis pathway that differs from photolysis pathways previously reported for N-acyl-7-nitroindolines. The photolysis with 350 nm light results in 5-bromo-7-nitrosoindoline, which is in equilibrium with its dimeric form(s), as supported by experiment and theory. This study expands the scope of photoreactive 7-nitroindoline derivatives and informs the development of novel photocleavable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip
T. Baily
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - H. Patricio Del Castillo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Irodiel Vinales
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Juan E. M. Urbay
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Aurelio Paez
- Department
of Metallurgical, Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Matthew R. Weaver
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Roberto Iturralde
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Igor L. Estevao
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Sohan R. Jankuru
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United
States
| | - Chunqiang Li
- Department
of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Carl W. Dirk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Katja Michael
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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2
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Xiong W, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu WH. Selective Hydrolysis of Primary and Secondary Amides Enabled by Visible Light. Org Lett 2023; 25:2948-2952. [PMID: 36853098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Amide hydrolysis is a fundamentally important transformation in organic chemistry. Developing hydrolysis procedures under mild conditions with a broad substrate scope is desirable. Herein, by leveraging a photoresponsive auxiliary o-nitroanilide, we established a mild two-step protocol for the hydrolysis of primary and secondary amides. This protocol is driven by visible light irradiation at room temperature under neutral conditions, which tolerates numerous acid- and base-sensitive functional groups. Various drugs, natural product-, and amino acid-derived amides can be selectively hydrolyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhang Xiong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China
| | - Wenbo H Liu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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3
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Göppert NE, Dirauf M, Liebing P, Weber C, Schubert US. Organocatalyzed Ring-Opening Polymerization of (S)-3-Benzylmorpholine-2,5-Dione. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200651. [PMID: 36413677 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A 3-benzylmorpholine-2,5-dione monomer is synthesized from the natural amino acid l-phenylalanine and characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. Subsequent to preliminary polymerization studies, a well-defined poly(ester amide) homopolymer is synthesized via ring-opening polymerization using a binary catalyst system comprising 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and a 1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-cyclohexylthiourea (TU) cocatalyst with a feed ratio of M/I/DBU/TU = 100/1/1/10. Kinetic studies reveal high controllability of the dispersities and molar masses up to conversions of almost 80%. Analysis by mass spectrometry hints toward excellent end-group fidelity at these conditions. In consequence, utilization of hydroxyl-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) as macroinitiators results in amphiphilic block copolymers. Bulk miscibility of the building blocks is indicated by differential scanning calorimetry investigations. As more and more promising new drugs are based on hydrophobic molecules featuring aromatic moieties, the novel polyesteramides seem highly promising materials to be used as potential drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Göppert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Dirauf
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Vu LP, Gütschow M. Diketomorpholines: Synthetic Accessibility and Utilization. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48-54. [PMID: 35036677 PMCID: PMC8756451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diketomorpholines (DKMs; morpholine-2,5-diones) possess a six-membered ring with a lactone and lactam moiety and belong to the family of cyclodepsipeptides. In this review, the synthetic accessibility of DKMs is summarized and their utilization, in particular, for ring-opening polymerization reactions, is highlighted. The occurrence of the DKM scaffold in natural products encompasses small monocyclic compounds but also complex, polycyclic representatives with a fused DKM ring.
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Raynal L, Rose NC, Donald JR, Spicer CD. Photochemical Methods for Peptide Macrocyclisation. Chemistry 2021; 27:69-88. [PMID: 32914455 PMCID: PMC7821122 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions have been the subject of renewed interest over the last two decades, leading to the development of many new, diverse and powerful chemical transformations. More recently, these developments have been expanded to enable the photochemical macrocyclisation of peptides and small proteins. These constructs benefit from increased stability, structural rigidity and biological potency over their linear counterparts, providing opportunities for improved therapeutic agents. In this review, an overview of both the established and emerging methods for photochemical peptide macrocyclisation is presented, highlighting both the limitations and opportunities for further innovation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Raynal
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Nicholas C. Rose
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - James R. Donald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | - Christopher D. Spicer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
- York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkHeslingtonYorkYO10 5DDUK
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Mikkelsen RJT, Grier KE, Mortensen KT, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K. Photolabile Linkers for Solid-Phase Synthesis. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:377-399. [PMID: 29863839 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile linkers are the subjects of intense research because they allow the release of the target molecule simply by irradiation. Photochemical release of synthesis products is often facilitated without additional reagents under mild reaction conditions, which may even be environmentally friendly and appealing in the context of greener chemistry. The mild conditions also allow for applications of released material in subsequent biological screening experiments, where contamination with cleavage reagents would be detrimental. This Review pays attention to the increasing number of photolabile linkers developed for solid-phase synthesis and release and covers: (i) o-nitrobenzyloxy linkers, (ii) o-nitrobenzylamino linkers, (iii) α-substituted o-nitrobenzyl linkers, (iv) o-nitroveratryl linkers, (v) phenacyl linkers, (vi) p-alkoxyphenacyl linkers, (vii) benzoin linkers, (viii) pivaloyl linkers, and (ix) other photolabile linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remi J. T. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja E. Grier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kim T. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ornelas A, Williams KN, Hatch KA, Paez A, Aguilar AC, Ellis CC, Tasnim N, Ray S, Dirk CW, Boland T, Joddar B, Li C, Michael K. Synthesis and characterization of a photocleavable collagen-like peptide. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1000-1013. [PMID: 29345707 PMCID: PMC5951682 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02198d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A 34-amino acid long collagen-like peptide rich in proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine, and with four photoreactive N-acyl-7-nitroindoline units incorporated into the peptide backbone was synthesized by on-resin fragment condensation. Its circular dichroism supports a stable triple helix structure. The built-in photochemical function enables the decomposition of the peptide into small peptide fragments by illumination with UV light of 350 nm in aqueous solution. Illumination of a thin film of the peptide, or a thin film of a photoreactive amino acid model compound containing a 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline moiety, with femtosecond laser light at 710 nm allows for the creation of well-resolved micropatterns. The cytocompatibility of the peptide was demonstrated using human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Our data show that the full-length peptide is cytocompatible as it can support cell growth and maintain cell viability. In contrast, the small peptide fragments created by photolysis are somewhat cytotoxic and therefore less cytocompatible. These data suggest that biomimetic collagen-like photoreactive peptides could potentially be used for growing cells in 2D micropatterns based on patterns generated by photolysis prior to cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ornelas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Mifune Y, Nakamura H, Fuse S. A rapid and clean synthetic approach to cyclic peptides via micro-flow peptide chain elongation and photochemical cyclization: synthesis of a cyclic RGD peptide. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11244-11249. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02391f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic RGD peptide was efficiently synthesized based on micro-flow, triphosgene-mediated peptide chain elongation and micro-flow photochemical macrolactamization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Mifune
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fuse
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
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9
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Pardo A, Hogenauer TJ, Cai Z, Vellucci JA, Castillo EM, Dirk CW, Franz AH, Michael K. Efficient Photochemical Synthesis of Peptide-α-Phenylthioesters. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1884-1889. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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10
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Klán P, Šolomek T, Bochet CG, Blanc A, Givens R, Rubina M, Popik V, Kostikov A, Wirz J. Photoremovable protecting groups in chemistry and biology: reaction mechanisms and efficacy. Chem Rev 2013; 113:119-91. [PMID: 23256727 PMCID: PMC3557858 DOI: 10.1021/cr300177k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1242] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Klán
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Moth-Poulsen K, Kofod-Hansen V, Kamounah FS, Hatzakis NS, Stamou D, Schaumburg K, Christensen JB. Optically induced linking of protein and nanoparticles to gold surfaces. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:1056-61. [PMID: 20491443 DOI: 10.1021/bc900561m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of molecules and proteins to surfaces is of great interest for the development of a large variety of applications. We present herein a novel approach to efficiently couple a molecule of choice to biological building blocks. We synthesized and employed a new derivative of 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline to attach nucleophilic molecules and proteins to gold surfaces by photochemical activation. The reaction can be seen as a photoactivated alternative to the activated ester type chemistries that are commonly used to attach proteins or molecules to surfaces. We characterize the reaction by UV-vis and NMR spectroscopy, and as test of principle experiment, we show that we can attach proteins to surfaces and demonstrate that we can functionalize gold nanoparticles by this optically induced cross-linking reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Débieux JL, Cosandey A, Helgen C, Bochet CG. Photoacylation of Alcohols in Neutral Medium. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hogenauer TJ, Wang Q, Sanki AK, Gammon AJ, Chu CHL, Kaneshiro CM, Kajihara Y, Michael K. Virtually epimerization-free synthesis of peptide-α-thioesters. Org Biomol Chem 2007; 5:759-62. [PMID: 17315060 DOI: 10.1039/b618442a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Under slightly basic or neutral reaction conditions peptide-alpha-thioesters are photochemically synthesized from peptide-alpha-nitroindoline precursors, either in solution, or by direct photorelease from a solid support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone J Hogenauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde M Kaneshiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Simo O, Lee VP, Davis AS, Kreutz C, Gross PH, Jones PR, Michael K. Synthesis of glycosyl amino acids by light-induced coupling of photoreactive amino acids with glycosylamines and 1-C-aminomethyl glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2005; 340:557-66. [PMID: 15721325 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2004] [Accepted: 12/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The glycosylamines of O-acetyl-protected GlcNAc and chitobiose, as well as two partially unprotected 1-C-aminomethyl glucosides, were photochemically coupled with orthogonally protected N-aspartyl-5-bromo-7-nitroindoline derivatives. The reactions proceeded under neutral conditions by irradiation with near-UV light. The glycosyl asparagines with N- or C-glycosyl linkages were afforded in 60-85% yield on a 10-70 mg scale. Moreover, the ability of a highly photoreactive N-glutamyl-4-methoxy-7-nitroindoline derivative to acylate amino saccharides was tested. Upon irradiation in the presence of a dimeric 1-C-aminomethyl glycoside, or a glycosylamine, the corresponding glycosyl glutamines were obtained in 50% and 30% yield, respectively. Preparations of the photoreactive aspartates and the 1-C-aminomethyl glycosides are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Simo
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
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